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1、阅读理解C篇巩固强化I. 阅读C篇之议论文解题技巧：解题步骤：1. 第一步略读。花2分钟时间快速浏览文章首尾段，或每段首句或下句，把握文章中心大意；2. 第二步扫读。在题目中锁定关键词，然后到原文中定位；3. 第三步精读。定位后，重点看原文对应的那句话。如果不能理解，就根据上下文来推理。 主旨句查找方法小结：1. 段落首句；2. 段落前两句；3. 文章中间转折句；4. 末段重申；5. 文章主题词归纳。关键词定位技巧：1. 名词优先于动词、形容词、副词；2. 特殊词汇：专业名词、数字、等表达优先考虑；3. 不能定位为关键词的表达：文章的主题词及文中反复出现的词。II. 经典例题精讲 第一篇Res
2、earchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has
3、 maintained that both men and women have the same fight-or-flight reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (fight), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (flight). However, the UCLA research team fo
4、und that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called tend and befriend. That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecti
5、ng and nurturing their young (tend), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females(befriend).Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research
6、team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Tayl
7、or,explained that animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious. While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to se
8、ek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone
9、to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggr
10、essive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _. A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict cal
11、mly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytoci
12、n. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the bodys resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses t
13、o stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress
14、-related disorders 【Keys】 CDCA 【解析】 72. 细节理解题。在第二段中UCLA的研究认为：男性面对压力的反应是“fight-or-fight”, 而女性面对压力的反应是“tend and be friend”。从第二段中“That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (tend), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially othe
15、r females(befriend).” 可知AD都是女性面对压力的反应。文章 中并没有提到男性会很冷静地处理矛盾，故排除B。C是正确答案，文章倒数第二段有例为证。 73. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsare reducedbymalehormones.”可知：尽管男性也分泌催产素，但是催产素对男性的影响为雄性激素所 降低。由此推出答案D项。 74. 归纳推理。文章中讲男女分泌的激素不同会导致对压力不同的反应。 75. 主旨大意题。通读全篇可知本文就男女如何抗压展开讨论的。 第二篇A team of engin
16、eers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay
17、 in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“Its extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade.
18、 A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and dr
19、ive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a
20、set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a bu
21、ilt-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet
22、, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So th
23、ere are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that _. A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient time C. they had
24、no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly _. A. consists of a flight device and a control system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can collect information from many sources D. has been pu
25、t into wide application74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D. Woods design can replace animals in some experim
26、ents.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study【Keys】 CBDC 【解析】 这是一篇讨论微型飞行装置的说明文。首段开门见山，介绍了哈佛大学的工程师们受到了自然杂志的启发，决定自行研究机器苍蝇(roboticf
27、ly)一种微型飞行设备。第二段说明了制造这种飞行设备的实际困难：所需的构成原件没有现成的，需要自行开发。第三段主要介绍了该飞行设备的构成。第四、五两段介绍了该飞行装置技术成熟后能给我们带来生活上、科研上的详细用途。72.细节信息题。由关键词difficulty定位至第二段最后一句话“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareoffshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown.”意为这个项目的困难实际上在于所需的元件都没有现成的，需要我们自己开发。on
28、theshelf(现货供应)与ready-made(现成的)同义。因此，正确答案为C。 73. 推理引申题。根据题干信息，定位至文章第3、4段。第三段主要介绍了飞行装置的构成，并由此引出第四段首句详细介绍飞行装置的外置电源(linkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource)，指出最终目的是实现内置电源的放置(equipitwithabuilt-inpower)，是之有能力在更多场合自行完成数据收集的任务(data-gatheringwork)，完成起飞、着陆、到处飞行的动作。由此可见，目前该飞行装置只能在有限的地区内飞行，所以B选项正确。 74. tostudybiolo
29、gyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead.”意为当用动物这一途径研究生物问题比较困难时，我们可以用这些机器人取代动物的位置。因此，正确答案为D。75. 主旨大意题。该题要求选定文章的标题，故需归纳文章的主旨大意。纵观全文，首段开门见山，介绍了哈佛大学的工程师们决定自行研究机器苍蝇(roboticfly)。第二段说明了制造这种飞行设备的实际困难：所需的构成原件没有现成的，需要自行开发。第三段主要介绍了该飞行设备的构成。第四、五两段介绍了该飞行装置在能运用至多种场合，还能在科研中代替动物。可见本文通篇
30、都在围绕机器苍蝇(roboticfly)进行介绍。因此，正确答案为C。 第三篇 If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbor or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality (虚拟现实) device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model
31、 and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. As I looked down, I saw m
32、y whole body as a man, dressed in my partners pants, she said. Thats the picture I remember best.The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your part
33、ner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another persons body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronized (同步
34、的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another persons body.Using such technology promises to alter peoples behavior afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias
35、(偏见)that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of peoples associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad,
36、athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants bias scores were lower. The idea is that once youve put yourself in anothers shoes youre less likely to think ill
37、 of them, because your brain has internalized the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. Its a really
38、 nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.74. The word swapping (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_.A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that_.A. our feelings are relat
39、ed to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other peoples bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses
40、to control a dark skinned digital character, _.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that_.A. technology helps people real
41、ize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly 【Keys】 BADC【解析】74.解析：词义推测题。根据文章第一段“A few people haveto an unusual virtual reality device”可知，有些人体验到了进入别人身体的感觉，所以这
42、里的”swapping”即为交换“exchange“，B选项正确。75.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段”As I looked downparts”和第二段”what you see is the exact view of your partners”可知，肢体的动作会传送到参与者的感觉，选项A正确。根据文章第三段第一句”To get used tohaving control of it”可知，B选项错误。C,D选项文章未提及。76解析：细节理解题。根据”Implicit Association Text”可定位到文章第四段“you are less likely to think il
43、l of you”所以参与这项实验的人一定具有种族歧视。D选项”be biased against”是歧视的另一种说法。77.解析：推理判断题。A选项意为这项技术帮助人们实现梦想。文章只提及这种技术可以让人体会交换身体的感觉并未提及实现梦想；B选项意为通过实验我们对别的种族的歧视可以完全被排除，文章第四段用了“less likely”，所以B选项过于绝对；C选项为第四段的另一种表述。”less likely”不是完全排除而是意为能促进种族之间更好的交流理解；D选项与文章主旨无关。III. 课堂精练 AIn Japan many workers for large corporations ha
44、ve a guarantee of lifetime employment. They will not be laid off during recessions (经济萧条) or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe
45、 it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the gu
46、arantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment system includes only regular employees. Many employees do not fall into this category, including all women. All businesses have many part time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just
47、 as employees in the United States are. These irregular workers make up about 10 percent of the nonagricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors (分包单位). This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975 recession. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system really is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations l