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1、No.23 2020年全国一卷CD篇阅读Step1.做题前背单词扫盲1. race res n. 种族，民族；赛跑,竞赛；v.（速度）竞赛，比赛 2. fitness ftns n.健壮;健康;适合(某事物或做某事)3. injure nd vt. 损害，伤害 4. injury ndr n. 受伤处 5. marathon mr()n n. 马拉松 6. knee ni n. 膝盖 7. straightstret a.一直的,直的 ad. 一直地，直地 8. straightforwardstretfwd a./ ad. 简单的，坦率的 9. swingsw vt. 挥舞，摆动 n. 秋千
2、 10. physical fzk()l a. 身体的；物理的 11. P.E.(缩) =physical education pii体育 12. calculation klkjulen n.计算;估计;预测;推测;算计;自私的打算13. pacepes n. 步子；节奏14. approximatelyprksmtl ad.近似, 大约15. pound pand n. 磅；英镑 16. considerable knsdrbl adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的17. anklekl n. 踝, 踝关节18. hip hp n.臀部;髋;臀部的;野蔷薇果adj.(衣服、音乐等方面)时髦的，
3、赶时髦的vt.使的髋关节脱臼;损伤的髋部;建筑学给（房屋）建屋脊;使知晓;使了解;告诉;使消息灵通19. cautionk()n n. 谨慎, 小心, 警告20. cautiousks a. 小心的, 谨慎的21. adoptdpt v. 收养, 领养22. consultknslt v. 咨询, 商量23. consultantknsltnt n. 顾问24. coachkt n. 教练；马车；长途车 25. qualify kwlfa v.取得资格(或学历);合格;使合格;使具备资格;有权，使有权(做某事)26. effective fektv adj.产生预期结果的;有效的;实际的;事实
4、上的;生效的;起作用的n.军现役兵额;有生力量;精兵27. regularrejl a. 规则的，经常 28. regulation rejle()n n. 规则，规章 29. attitudettjud n. 态度, 看法 30. skeptical skeptkl adj.怀疑的;心存疑惑的;将信将疑的31. objective bdektv n.目标;目的;(望远镜或显微镜的)物镜adj.客观的;就事论事的;不带个人感情的;客观存在的;基于事实的;宾格的32. object bdektn. 物，物体；宾语 33. tolerant tlrnt adj.忍受的;容忍的;宽容的;能在困难条件
5、下生存(或操作)的;能耐的34. conservativeknsvtv a. 保守的, 守旧的；保守主义的；谨慎的 n.保守的人, 保守主义 35. crimekram n. （法律上的）罪, 犯罪 36. criminalkrmn()l n. 罪犯 37. productive prdktv adj.生产的;(尤指)多产的;有效益的;富有成效的;引起;导致;唤起38. decoratedekret vt.装饰, 修饰39. decorationdekre()n n.装饰, 修饰40. engine endn n. 发动机, 引擎 41. engineer endn n. 工程师；技师 42.
6、 institute nsttjut n. (研究)所, 院，学院 43. institution nsttju()n n. (慈善、宗教等性质的)公共机构； 学校 44. compositionkmpz()n n. 作文；作曲 45. diversedavs v. 不同的, 多种多样, 形形色色的46. sensor sens(r) n.(探测光、热、压力等的)传感器，敏感元件，探测设备47. detectivedtektv n. 侦探 48. detect dtekt v.发现;查明;侦察出49. faint fent adj.(光、声、味)微弱的，不清楚的;微小的;可能性不大的;不热情的
7、;不积极的v.昏厥n.昏厥50. lamp lmp n. 灯，油灯；光源 51. version v()n n. 变体，变种，改写本52. sprayspre n. / v. 水雾,喷雾(器)喷洒 53. switchswt v./ n. 开关,转换,改变54. daylightdelat n. 日光, 白昼； 黎明 55. electricity lektrst n. 电；电流 56. transmit trnzmt v.传送;输送;发射;播送;传播;传染;传(热、声等);透(光等);使通过Step2.背过单词后做题CRace walking shares many fitness bene
8、fits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the maratho
9、n. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of e
10、xercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would b
11、urn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step,
12、while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the
13、ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers cond
14、itioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. Its more popular at the Olympics.B. Its less challenging physically.C. Its mor
15、e effective in body building.D. Its less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the authors attit
16、ude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the cit
17、y experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perf
18、orm diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every da
19、y,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amo
20、unt needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that woul
21、d last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance fr
22、om a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C Employees from
23、various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowi
24、ng plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. H
25、ow do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?答案 CDAB DACCStep3.对全文进行书面翻译 Step4.进行翻译校对C研究表明，竞走和跑步都有很多健身方面的好处，但相比而言竞走很可能减少受伤。然而，竞走也有自己的问题。竞走运动员是身体条件很好的运动员。夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松长约5英里。但运动的规则要求比赛运动员在大部分摆动腿和一只脚与地面保持接触的过程中膝盖保持直立。不
26、过，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授贾克琳诺伯格说，正是这种奇怪的形式让竞走成为一项如此吸引人的活动。和跑步一样，竞走是非常消耗体力的,她说,据计算,比赛步行者以六英里每小时的速度移动会消耗大约800卡路里每小时,这大约是他们走路会燃烧热量的两倍,虽然比不上跑步,跑步可能每小时消耗1000或更多的卡路里。然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走不会像跑步那样对身体造成那么大的冲击。根据她的研究，跑步者每一步着地的重量是自己体重的四倍，而不离开地面的竞走者每一步着地的重量大约是自己体重的1.4倍。因此，她说，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖伤，在竞走者中并不常见。但这项运动奇怪的形式确实给脚踝和臀
27、部带来了相当大的压力，所以有过此类伤病史的人在从事这项运动时可能要谨慎一些。她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习适当的技术。这需要一些练习。D人与植物的关系一直是科学研究的课题。最近的研究发现了积极的效果。例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。麻省理工学院的工程师们进一步改变了植物的实际成分，以使它们发挥不同寻常的功能。这些植物包括在叶子上印上传感器来显示缺水情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔
28、斯特拉诺解释说:“我们正在考虑如何设计植物，以取代我们日常使用的东西的功能。”他的最新项目之一是在实验中使用一些常见的蔬菜让植物发光。斯特拉诺的团队发现，他们可以在三个半小时内创造出微弱的光线。光是阅读所需量的千分之一，这只是一个开始。斯特拉诺说，这项技术有一天可以用来点亮房间，甚至可以把树变成自动供电的路灯。未来，该团队希望开发出一种可以一次性喷洒到植物叶子上的技术，使植物的寿命持续。工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，它的光能会减弱。照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。因为照明常常是远离电源的比如从发电厂到遥远的高速公路上的路灯,大量的能量在传输过程中丢失。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。Step5.整理知识盲点：