高三英语一轮复习形容词和副词讲义.docx

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1、一、 形容词和副词的基本用法1. 形容词的基本用法(1) These are valuable suggestions. (形作前置定语)(2) His suggestions are very valuable. (形作表语)(3) I consider his suggestion very valuable. (形作宾补)(4) This is a book suitable for children. (形短作后置定语)(5) He is the happiest person alive. (表语形容词作后置定语)(6) Do you have anything important

2、to tell me? (形容词修饰复合不定代词,作后置定语)(7) He returned home, safe and sound. (形短作状语)2. 副词的基本用法副词常作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。其位置:(1) 在行为动词前或后;(2) 在所修饰的形容词、副词或句子之前;(3) enough 放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面;(4) 频度副词常放在be动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前;例句:He studies very hard. She is a very smart girl. Fortunately, his stepmother was kind to

3、him. (副词修饰整个句子)二、 形容词和副词构词法1. 构成形容词的常见后缀(1) 名词+-ywindwindy rainrainy cloud cloudy fogfoggy flowerflowery (2) 动词+-ablecomfortcomfortable suitsuitable considerconsiderable (3) 名词+-alNationnational educationeducational additionadditional functionfunctionalprofessionprofessional (4) 名词+-enwoodwooden gol

4、dgolden(5) 名词+-entdifferdifferent insistinsistent(6) 名词+-ishfoolfoolish selfselfish childchildish boyboyish(7) 动词+-iveactactive impressimpressive (8) 名词+-fulPowerpowerful peacepeaceful wonderwonderful helphelpful faithfaithful shame shameful thank thankful(9) 名词+-ousdangerdangerous couragecourageous

5、 marvelmarvelous (非凡的)ambitionambitious humorhumorous(10) 名词+-lyfriendfriendly orderorderly timetimely monthmonthly yearyearly deaddeadly2. 形容词+-ly构成副词的规则情况构成例词一般情况加lyquick - quickly; brave - bravely; immediate - immediately; especial - especially; fortunate - fortunately,辅音字母+y结尾将y改为i再加lyeasy easil

6、y; happy happily; heavy heavily;busy - busilyle结尾去e加ysimple simply;gentle - gently元音字母+e结尾去e加lytrue truly;due - dulyll结尾只加yfull fully;dull - dullyic结尾加allybasic basically;scientific - scientifically三、 容易混淆的形容词和副词的用法1 ago,before(1) ago指的是从现在算起若干时间之前,常与一般过去时态连用:I graduated from the college twenty year

7、s ago.(2) before表示从过去某一时间算起若干时间以前,往往与现在完成时态连用:She said that she had married him five years before.(3) 如果不具体表明多长时间以前,只用before:He asked me whether I had been to the Great Wall before.2 possible, probable, likely(1) 意思上的区别possible指可能性较小,“大概,可能”probable指可能性较大,“很可能”,指有实际依据或逻辑上合情合理。likely是从外表迹象进行推断有可能发生某事

8、。例句:It is possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.The probable cause of his failure was that he was too tired.He is very likely to ring me tonight.(2) 句型上的区别It is possible/probable/likely + that 从句It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.Sb./Sth. be likely to do sth3 ever, once都有“曾经”的意思区

9、别:(1) ever 主要用来谈过去发生的动作,多用于疑问句中,常常和完成时连用(2) once 表示有过某种经验、经历,用于肯定句中,常用于一般过去时。例:Have you ever been to Chongqing?I once lived in Beijing.4 形容词和副词的特殊结构(1) 比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越.”Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.(2) the +比较级,the +比较级,表示“越., 就越.”The harder you work, the more you will get.(3) no +比较级+than,表示“两者都不”He is no taller than I.(4) morethan,表示 “与其不如”He is more lazy than stupid.(5) cant + +enough,表示 “再.也不为过”You cant be careful enough when crossing the street.学科网(北京)股份有限公司

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