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1、简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语）方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.The worldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeis power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectsubje
2、ctpredicativepredicativesubject名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His jobHis job is important is important.What he doesWhat he does is important is important.表语表语This is This is his job.his job.This is This is what he does every daywhat he does every day.宾语宾语 I dont like I dont like his jobh
3、is job.I dont like I dont like what he does every daywhat he does every day.什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在它在复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句句、表语从句和
4、和同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句nounclause 主语从句主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句宾语从句objectclause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclauseObject Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句M3U3 GrammarM3U3 GrammarM3U3 GrammarM3U3 Grammar1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）
5、什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydontyoupayattentiontome?宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。E.g.We know Mr Green teaches English.She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连
6、接词）语语 序序时时 态态如何区分宾语从句？如何区分宾语从句？Theyknowtheteacher.主语谓语宾语Theyknowtheteacherisverykind.主语谓语宾语从句句子做宾语就是宾语从句。引导词引导词 句子类型句子类型that陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由从属连词由从属连词 thatthat 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由连接代词由连接代词 who,whom,whose,whichwho,whom,whose,which,whatwhat 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,whenwhere,
7、how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether,ifwhether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3e.g.e.g.1.Thereisnodoubt(that)_.2.Hesaid(that)_.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmoves由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略arou
8、ndthesunthat不能省略的2种情况（2）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾）从句则放在句尾）I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.We heard it that she would get married next month.（1）当）当that作介词作介词except,inexcept,in 宾语时宾
9、语时They believe in that she must still be single.I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow_.2.Askhim_.3.Iwonder_.4.Couldyoutellme_?if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“
10、是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后。等后。whether(if)MrLiliveshere只能用只能用 whether不能用不能用 if 的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在动词不定式前在动词不定式前(whether to do sthwhether to do sth.)
11、.)：They asked me whether to go skating.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.Practicetimeif/whetherif/
12、whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I wonder _ he is well.3.I wonder _ he is well.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.5.I dont know _ to go.I dont know _ to go.if/
13、whetherif/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether1.He asked _.2.Do you know_?3.He asked_.4.Do you know _?5.Please tell me _.6.Can you tell me _?7.Could you tell me _?who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class when well ha
14、ve a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由连接代词由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。二、语序二、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分1.Whenwillhegot
15、othelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idontknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idontknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?What happened?Whats happen
16、ing?What happened?注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what,whowhat,who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：e.g.Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewho is over there?Canyoutellmewho he is?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语否定的转移若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移
17、到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.Idontthinkyouareright.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。Idontbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。我认为你今天无法完成工作。注意：这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。Idontthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing,ishe?我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗
18、？如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。Shethoughtthatfilmwasnotinteresting,didntshe?她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？Youthinkyoucantgetup,dontyou?你认为你起不来，是吗？vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.三、时态
19、三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。根据实际情况而定。2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father wou
20、ld come back tomorrow.vHe said that he had seen it.Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。仍用一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使
21、从句动作发生从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等一律用一般现在时1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.I hear they _ (return)it already.4.He said that they _ members of the P
22、arty since 1948.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)will bewill be goesgoes have returnedhave returned had beenhad been risesrises宾语从句三要素时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序注意：宾语从句常用于直接引语转为间接引转变的时候注意时态和人称的变化What did your father say?Youareaclevergirl.MyfathersaidIwasac
23、levergirl.“I am in space.”What did he say?He said he was in space.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekend
24、ornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC Practice5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitin
25、gD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,was
26、ntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBCDPredicative ClausesPredicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句,放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接。可以接表语从句的系动词有表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外等。另外,常用的还有常用的还有the reason why is that 和和It is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：一、表语从句三要素引导词（连接词
27、）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态如何区分表语从句？Heisastudent.主语谓语表语Thereasonisthatheisastudent.主语谓语表语从句句子做表语就是表语从句。.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后在连系动词之后.作用作用:对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不不 引导引导 表语从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how/be
28、cause The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.肯定句：ThatiswhyIwaslate.否定句：ThatisntwhyIwaslate.一般疑问句：Isthatwhyyouwerelate?由从属连词由从属连词 thatthat 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,whichWho,
29、whom,whose,which,whatwhat 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,whenwhere,how,why,when引导的表语从句引导的表语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whetherwhether引导的表语从句引导的表语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3由从属连词由从属连词 whether,as if whether,as if 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句1.Thequestionis_2.Iwonder_.whetheritisworthdoing.whetheritisrightorwrongitwasgoingtorainwhether“是否是否”，说明对陈
30、述的事物不明确或不清楚。，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。asif表似乎，猜测Itlookedasif_e.g.e.g.1.What I want to say is that Im sorry.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.由从属连词that引导的表语从句注注：that 在从句中不能省略在从句中不能省略1.That is _.2.That was _.3.The problem is_.4.His trouble is _.what he is worried about why they made a bet
31、 how they can get food where he can find his book由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。注注 意：意：1.1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”whether”不能用不能用“If”If”。2.2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”th
32、at”不能省。不能省。3.3.It is/was because.It is/was because.4.4.It is/was why.It is/was why.5.5.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.6.6.4 The reason is because/why4 The reason is because/whythat .that .注意注意表语从句的引导词与宾语从句相同表语从句的引导词与宾语从句相同.但但:1.:1.thatthat引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省.2.2.i
33、f if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.1.Pleasetellmeyouwillgotothelecturetomorrow.2.Italldependsontheskywillclearup.3.Thequestionisthefilmiswellworthseeing.4.HewillbewelltomorrowIamnotsure.5.itistrueremainsaproblem.关联词比较whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether二、语序二、语序表语从句的语序用表语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语
34、+其他成分其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?The question is when he will go to thelibrary.The question iswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.That is what he is worried about.That is what is he worried about.主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）vIt is where he lives in .vIt is where he lived in 10 years ago.三、时态三、时态1.主句
35、用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。根据实际情况而定。2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vHer wish was that she could lose weight soon.vIt looked as if it was going to rain.vThe question was
36、whether his father would come back vtomorrow.vThe reason why he was late was that the train had already left.名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she w
37、as the very person who informed against her husband.名词从句让步状语从句who表“谁”/whoever表”.”的任何人表”不论谁”what表”什么”“所.的东西”/whatever表”.的任何东西”“无论什么”who/whoever1.Thecompetitioniscoming.willattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.2.Ibelievetakespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.what/whatever3.Canyoutellmeyoudliketoorder?
38、4.happens,dontbesurprised.5.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderyoulike.whowhoeverwhatWhateverWhatever1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theywereseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_she
39、wasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when5.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere6.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that7.Tom is no longer _ he used to be.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where8.Thats _ I cant agree with you.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where9.This is _ Sara
40、was late for the meeting.A.why B.what C.how D.that10.This is _ they overcome the difficulties.A.becauseB.howC.whyD.That11.It sounds _ somebody was knocking at the door.A.thatB.whetherC.asifD.where12.My strongest memory is _ I attended an American wedding.A.howB.whatC.whenD.asif13-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-oh,thats_A.whatmakesmeexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcited C.how I feel about itD.whenIfeelexcited14.-I was ill in bed last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A.why B.what C.how D.that