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1、第三章 国际货物买卖法周超20092009年年9 9月月Questions:What is CISG?What is CISGs sphere of application?第一节 国际货物买卖法律规范概述一、国内法规范：大陆法系国家，采用民商分立的，先适用商法大陆法系国家，采用民商分立的，先适用商法的特别规定，没有规定的再适用民法的一般规的特别规定，没有规定的再适用民法的一般规定；采用民商合一的，直接适用民法典的相关定；采用民商合一的，直接适用民法典的相关规定。规定。普通法系国家的国内立法由法院判例和成文法普通法系国家的国内立法由法院判例和成文法两部分组成，比较典型的是英国两部分组成，比较典
2、型的是英国 18931893年年货物买卖法货物买卖法（19951995年修订）和美国年修订）和美国19941994年年统一商法典统一商法典。我国适用我国适用合同法合同法及及民法通则民法通则。二、国际立法概述：在1964年海牙外交会议上正式通过了由罗马国际私法统一协会编纂统一的关于国际货物买卖统一法公约和关于国际货物买卖合同成立统一法公约，这两个公约均于1972年生效。但是由于参加国家较少，没有起到统一国际货物买卖法律的作用。联合国国际货物买卖合同公约联合国国际贸易法委员会完成了联合国国际货物买卖合同公约的起草和指定工作。该公约于1980年在维也纳的外交会议上通过，于1988年正式生效。U.N.
3、Convention on Contracts for The International Sale of Goods(CISG)Case 1An Austrian company,plaintiff,entered into a An Austrian company,plaintiff,entered into a contract for the purchase and transport of spirits contract for the purchase and transport of spirits to Russia with the Swiss branch of a
4、company to Russia with the Swiss branch of a company that had its headquarters in Liechtenstein.The that had its headquarters in Liechtenstein.The contract was never performed because a dispute contract was never performed because a dispute arose among the parties regarding the mode of arose among t
5、he parties regarding the mode of transport and the final date of performance.The transport and the final date of performance.The Austrian buyer sued the Swiss seller for Austrian buyer sued the Swiss seller for repayment,while the defendant claimed repayment,while the defendant claimed damages for b
6、reach of contract.damages for breach of contract.Questions:Whether CISG is applicable for this Questions:Whether CISG is applicable for this case?case?1.Sphere of Application 适用范围适用范围 Article 1(1)This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in di
7、fferent States:(a)when the States are Contracting States;or(b)when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.Article 1(contd)(2)The fact that the parties have their places of(2)The fact that the parties have their places of business in different
8、 States is to be disregarded business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between,or the contract or from any dealings between,or from information disclosed by,the par
9、ties at any from information disclosed by,the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.time before or at the conclusion of the contract.(3)Neither the nationality of the parties nor the(3)Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parti
10、es or of civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.determining the application of this Convention.2、货物范围Article 2Article 2 Convention does not a
11、pply to sales:Convention does not apply to sales:(a)(a)of goods bought for personal,family or household of goods bought for personal,family or household use,unless the seller,at any time before or at the use,unless the seller,at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract,neither knew nor o
12、ught to conclusion of the contract,neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such have known that the goods were bought for any such use;use;(b)(b)by auction;by auction;(c)(c)on execution or otherwise by authority of law;on execution or otherwise by authority of law;(d)
13、(d)of stocks,shares,investment securities,negotiable of stocks,shares,investment securities,negotiable instruments or money;instruments or money;(e)(e)of ships,vessels,hovercraft or aircraft;of ships,vessels,hovercraft or aircraft;(f)(f)of electricity.of electricity.Article 3(1)Contracts for the sup
14、ply of goods to be(1)Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are to be considered manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the undertakes t
15、o supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or materials necessary for such manufacture or production.production.(2)This Convention does not apply to contracts(2)This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the in which the preponderan
16、t part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services.consists in the supply of labour or other services.Article 4Article 4 This Convention governs only the formation of This Convention gover
17、ns only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract.In particular,except as from such a contract.In particular,except as otherwise
18、 expressly provided in this Convention,otherwise expressly provided in this Convention,it is not concerned with:it is not concerned with:(a)(a)the validity of the contract or of any of its the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage;provisions or of any usage;(b)(b)the e
19、ffect which the contract may have on the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold.the property in the goods sold.Article 5Article 5 This Convention does not apply to the liability of This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injur
20、y caused by the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to any person.the goods to any person.Case 2The defendants,two Swiss sellers of computer software,the plaintiff,a French buyer,and asked for specific performance of the sale of software contract,which had been declared avoided b
21、y the plaintiff.Question:whether CISG is applicable?P.S.The CISG entered into force in Switzerland on 1 March 1991.The contract was concluded on 21 September 1990.The dispute arose in 1 May 1991.例题例题1【19991999年卷一单选第年卷一单选第年卷一单选第年卷一单选第1818题题题题】19801980年联合国国际货物买卖合同公约年联合国国际货物买卖合同公约对合同的对合同的适用范围作了规定，下列哪个选
22、项应适用公约的规适用范围作了规定，下列哪个选项应适用公约的规定？定？A A缔约国中营业地处于同一国家的当事人之间货缔约国中营业地处于同一国家的当事人之间货物的买卖物的买卖B B缔约国中营业地分处不同国家的当事人之间飞缔约国中营业地分处不同国家的当事人之间飞机的买卖机的买卖C C不同国家的当事人之间股票的买卖不同国家的当事人之间股票的买卖D D缔约国中营业地分处不同国家的当事人之间的缔约国中营业地分处不同国家的当事人之间的货物的买卖货物的买卖例题2【20022002年卷一多选第年卷一多选第6767题题】设下列各公司所属国均为设下列各公司所属国均为19801980年年联合国国际货联合国国际货物销售
23、合同公约物销售合同公约的缔约国，依公约的规定，下的缔约国，依公约的规定，下列哪几种情况适用公约列哪几种情况适用公约?A A营业地位于中国的两个不同国家的公司订立的营业地位于中国的两个不同国家的公司订立的关于电视机的买卖合同关于电视机的买卖合同B B营业地位于不同国家的两公司订立的补偿贸易营业地位于不同国家的两公司订立的补偿贸易合同，其中服务未构成供货方的绝大部分义务合同，其中服务未构成供货方的绝大部分义务C C营业地位于不同国家的两公司关于食糖的贸易营业地位于不同国家的两公司关于食糖的贸易合同合同D D营业地位于不同国家的两公司订立的补偿贸易营业地位于不同国家的两公司订立的补偿贸易合同，其中服
24、务构成了供贷方的绝大部分义务合同，其中服务构成了供贷方的绝大部分义务例题3【20032003年卷一多选第年卷一多选第6666题题】联合国国际货物销售合同公联合国国际货物销售合同公约约适用于下列哪些合同？适用于下列哪些合同？A.A.营业地在不同缔约国的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合营业地在不同缔约国的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同同B.B.住所地在不同缔约国的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合住所地在不同缔约国的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同同C.C.具有不同缔约国国籍的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合具有不同缔约国国籍的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同同D.D.在国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国法律的条件下，
25、营在国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国法律的条件下，营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同3.公约的任意性Article 6 The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or,subject to article 12,derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.注意注意 :对公约的任意性问题应当特别注意，公约是买卖合同无特别排除约定便自动适用，而不是当事人在合同中有特别约定才适用。另外，如果当事人
26、选择了某一国际惯例，则合同仍适用公约，但国际惯例与公约规定不一致的地方，适用国际惯例的规定。4、我国加入公约时的保留(1)合同形式的保留。我国坚持国际货物销售合同只能采取书面形式订立，因而对公约第11条提出保留。(2)扩大适用的保留。我国坚持冲突规范指向的只能是实体法，不同意通过对国际私法的引用而使公约适用于非缔约国，因而对公约第1条第（1）款（b）项提出保留。Case 2一位营业地在德国的卖主和一位营业地在瑞士的买主签订合同，卖方向买方出售一套家用空气清新设备。双方合同执行完毕后，另一位德国人对货物提出所有权争议，要求法院判决合同无效，因为德国卖主没有货物的所有权。问题：该买卖合同争议是否适
27、用公约？思路（1）当事人营业地是否位于不同缔约国国内或者国际私法导致适用公约？（2）合同的标的或者买卖的方式是否属于公约的排除范围？（3）合同争议是否属于公约涉及的范围？案例4一家营业地在日本的公司同营业地在中国的服装厂签订了销售合同，由中国厂商向日本公司供应西装1000套，但是西装的布料和衬里等材料均由日本公司提供。现双方发生合同纠纷，是否适用公约？公约参考John O.Honnold,Uniform Law for International Sale under the 1980 United National Convention(1982)李巍著，联合国国际货物销售合同公约评释，法律出版社2002年版。小结CISG 适用范围公约的任意性我国参加公约时的保留Thank You!