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1、Unit Eleven Insurance What is the purpose of insurance?house against fire.nYou can insure your car against accident/theft.nose against harm.life insurance.人寿险 health insurance.nYou can effect a endowment insurance.养老保险 accident insurance.burglary and robbery insurance.cargo关系？关系？n风险：risks,perils tot
2、al lossn损失：losses particular average partial loss (单独海损）general average （共同海损）n险别：risks,perils,coverages 保险公司按照不同险别险别包括的风险风险所造成的损失损失和发生的费用承担赔偿责任，所以在保险业务中风险风险、损失损失和险别险别三者有着紧密的联系，为此，我们对保险公司所能承保的风险与损失的种类和内容必须有准确的理解。Risks in Cargo Transportation Risks in cargo transportation are of many kinds.Different
3、risks mean different losses And different risks are covered by different insurance clauses and different insurance clauses mean different premiums保险费保险费.So we need to have a good understanding of the different risks and losses before we know how to effect insurance.In marine cargo transportation ins
4、urance,risks fall into perils of the sea海难海难 and extraneous risks外来风险.Perils in Ocean Transportation1.Perils of the Sea海难/海上风险(1)Natural calamities海上发生的自然灾害(2)Fortuitous accidents意外事故2.Extraneous risks外来风险(1)General extraneous risks(2)Special extraneous risks Part 1.Perils in Ocean Transportationnki
5、nds of perils 风险种类 In marine insurance,perils are generally of two kinds.1.Perils of the sea 海上风险（又称海难）（1）Natural calamities 海上发生的自然灾害 Natural calamities cover vile weather(恶劣气候)，thunder and lightening(雷电)，tsunami(海啸，tidal waves),earthquake,floods and other irresistible disasters.（不可抗拒的灾害）Part 1.Per
6、ils in Ocean Transportation （2）Fortuitous accidents 意外事故 Fortuitous accidents mainly include ship stranded(搁浅),striking a rock,ship sinking(沉没),ship collision(互撞),colliding with icebergs or other objects,fire,explosion and ship missing and other accidents with sea characteristics.Part 1.Perils in Oc
7、ean Transportation 2.Extraneous risks 外来风险 Extraneous risks refer to risks outside perils of the sea.常见 （1）General extraneous risks 一般外来风险 General extraneous risks include theft,breakage,leakage,contamination,sweat and heating(受潮受热),taint of odor(串味),hook damage(钩损),shortage(短量)and rust(锈损)Part 1.Pe
8、rils in Ocean Transportation（2）Special extraneous risks 特殊外来风险 Special extraneous risks refer to risks resulting from military affairs,political and administrative rules such as war,strikes,failure to deliver(交货不到),rejection(拒绝收货)Part 2.Losses in Ocean Transportationn Ocean average 海损 When used for
9、insurance,the word average has not the usual meaning.Average means loss sustained in sea transportation.According to the extent of the loss,it is divided into total loss and partial loss.（1）Total loss 全损全损 Total loss means all the goods insured suffered loss.Part 2.Losses in Ocean Transportation（2）P
10、artial loss 部分损失部分损失 A partial loss is any loss other than a total loss.A partial loss may include a particular average loss(单独海损),a general average loss(共同海损)and particular charges(特殊收费).Thus there are two distinct types of partial loss.（）Particular average loss 后讲后讲 It is the accidental意外的 damage
11、to part of the cargo.The average(damage)is not caused by deliberate act of a person for the common benefit and that loss must be borne exclusively by the owner of the property suffering the loss and is termed a particular average.单独海损单独海损是指被保险货物遭受海损后，其损失未达到全损程度，而且是无共同海损性质的部分损失，应由受损方单独承担。Part 2.Losse
12、s in Ocean Transportation（）General average loss 共同海损 A loss may be accidental意外的 or intentional人为的.A general average loss is caused intentionally,and such a loss is beneficial to others,then those who have benefited should share that loss.Thus a general average loss is a loss resulting from a volunt
13、ary sacrifice or expenditure in time of peril,for the safety of hull,cargo and freight.（共同海损是指在发生危险时，共同海损是指在发生危险时，为了船舶、货物和运输的安全作出自愿牺牲或为此付出费用所引为了船舶、货物和运输的安全作出自愿牺牲或为此付出费用所引起的损失。）起的损失。）共同海损共同海损是指载货船舶在海运途中遇到危及船货的共同危险船货的共同危险，船方为了维护船舶和所有货物的共同安全或使航程继续完成，有有意识地并合理地意识地并合理地作出某些特殊牺牲或支付一定的特殊费用，这些特殊牺牲和费用叫做共同海损。Pa
14、rt 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)海洋运输货物保险条款（中国保险条款）海洋运输货物保险条款（中国保险条款）Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China was constituted in 1972 and revised in 1976 and 1981.There are mainly two types of insurance coverage:basic coverage(基本险)and additio
15、nal coverage(附加险)。Basic coverage mainly includes FPA(平安险),WPA(水渍险)and All Risks.Additional coverage includes general additional coverage and special additional coverage.Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)nBasic marine insurance coverage 1.FPA(free from particular averag
16、e)平安险 FPA is a limited form of cargo insurance cover under which partial loss or damage resulted from natural calamities is not recoverable,unless these natural calamities occur before or after fortuitous accidents.意外事故 It provides coverage for total losses and general average.共同海损 lossesPart 3.Ocea
17、n Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)2.WPA or WA水渍险(with particular average,with average)WPA is a wider cover than FPA.It provides extensive cover against all loss or damage due to marine perils throughout the duration of the policy,including partial loss or damage which may be attr
18、ibuted to natural calamities like heavy weather.Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)3.All Risks All Risks is the most comprehensive of the three basic coverages under which the insurer承保人 is responsible for all total or partial loss of,or damage to the goods insured eith
19、er arising from sea perils or general external causes.However,it does not cover loss,damage or expense caused by delay,inherent vice缺陷 or nature of the goods,or special external risks of war,strike,etc.Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)nAdditional risks 1.General addit
20、ional risks 一般附加险 General additional risks cannot be covered independently and should go with FPA or WPA.They are included in All Risks coverage.The following general extraneous risks are to be covered subject to additional premium.包含？Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)
21、(1)T.P.N.D(Theft,Pilferage&Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险(2)Fresh and/or Rain Water Damage Risk(3)Shortage Risk短量险(4)Intermixture 混杂&Contamination污损 Risks(5)Leakage Risk渗漏险(6)Clash&Breakage Risks碰损破碎险(7)Taint 感染of Odor Risk串味险(8)Sweating&Heating Damage受潮受热险(9)Hook Damage Risk钩损险(10)Rust Risk锈损险(11)Breakage of
22、 Packing Risk包装破裂险Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)2.Special additional risks Special additional risks cover the damage or losses arising from special additional reasons such as political events,military affairs,national policies and acts,and administrative measures.T
23、he special additional risks include:Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)(1)War Risk(2)S.R.C.C(Strikes,Riots暴力,Civil Commotions民变)(3)On Deck Risk仓面险(4)Import Duty Risk进口关税险(5)Rejection Risk拒受险(6)Aflatoxin risk黄曲霉险(7)Failure to Delivery Risk交货不着险（8）Fire risk extension clau
24、se(FREC)火险责任扩展条款for storage of cargo at destination Hongkong,including Kowloon九龙,or Macao.Part 3.Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses(CIC)These additional coverages are usually taken out together with FPA,WPA and All Risks.relations？Part 4.保险期限保险期限W/W clause-warehouse to warehouse c
25、lause仓至仓条款 nJust as the usual practice in international insurance market,with regard to the duration of liability of the insurer 保险公司的责任起讫期限in ocean marine cargo insurance海洋运输货物保险条款,CIC 中国保险条款adopts warehouse to warehouse clause(W/W clause),which means insurance coverage of risks to a shipment of go
26、ods对运输货物风险的承保生效 from the time the goods leave the warehouse for commencement of transit即保险责任自被保险货物远离起运地仓库 and continue during ordinary course of transit until delivered to final warehouse at destination自至该货到达保险单所载明的收货人的最后仓库,or until the expiration of 60 days as of the moment of the insured goods are
27、 unloaded或被保险货物卸载后满60天为止(if the shipment fails to reach the aforesaid warehouse),but with exception that the goods be transported to other place of destination not indicated on the insurance documents.（如未运抵上述仓库或储存处所）则以被保险货物运抵最后缷载的车站满60天为止。nThe insurer is liable to cover the transportation of goods f
28、rom the warehouse of the seller to the warehouse of the overseas buyer under the W/W clause.Part 5.What is a contract of insurance?nIt is generally made in the form of an insurance policy.A contract of insurance is a contract between a party who agrees to accept the risk(the insurer)and a party seek
29、ing protection from the risk(the insured).In return for payment of a premium,the insurer agrees to pay the insured a stated sum(or a proportion of it)should the event insured against occur.nIt is a contract of indemnity,a contract to restore to someone,either the full amount of the loss that may be
30、incurred,or a specified percentage of the amount of the loss.准备知识n保险金 insurance money n保险金额 insurance amount/insured value/insurance value n保险费 premium n保险费率 premium/insurance rate Part 6.What is the premium?What is the premium?nPremium is the name given to the sum of money paid by the insured.保险费是投
31、保人所付的钱。nHow is the premium quoted?nIt is quoted as a percentage of the sum insured.保险费是按投保金额的百分之几计算的 （invoice value110%=投保金额）（投保金额*险别投保率=premium）n我们已为该货物向保险公司投保平安险和战争险，保险率0.5%，投保额为45,000美元。nWe have insured/covered the goods FPA and against War Risk at the rate of 0.5%for the sum of U.S.$45,000 with
32、the insurance company.n我们已按发票金额的110%投保水渍险及战争险。（10%是保险加成，一般表示预期收益等，就是客户本来买货可以得到的收益，但是货损失了，收益也没有了，这个也要保险公司赔的。）nWe have insured W.P.A and against War Risk at 110%of the invoice value.n根据你方要求，我们已对台布按发票金额的110%向中国人民保险公司投保一切险。nIn compliance with your request,we have covered insurance on tablecloths against
33、 All Risks for 110%of the invoice value with the PICC.n我们愿代你方投保。nWe will arrange/effect insurance on your behalf.n投保effect/arrange/take out/provide/cover insurancen Insure 和和insurance 的用法的用法n1 Insure/cover sb/sth against+险别险别 for+保险金额保险金额 with+保险公司保险公司+at the rate of-%From-to-/as far as-n2 Insure sb against+险别险别 on sth=insure against+险别险别 on sth for sbn2 insure/cover(against)+险别险别n3 cover/effect insurance on/for sthnCover：覆盖，包括，涉及，采访报道：覆盖，包括，涉及，采访报道 nCoverage：新闻报道；覆盖的范围和程度：新闻报道；覆盖的范围和程度nInsurance coverage 保险范围；保险金额；保险范围；保险金额；保险险种（常用）保险险种（常用）nP207