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1、Great scientists Unit 1What impressed you most in 2003?Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.expertattend physician exposecure challenge adj.熟练的熟练的;经验丰富的经验丰富的n.专家专家;行家行家vt.照顾照顾;出席出席;参加参加n.医生；内科医师医生；内科医师vt.暴露暴露;揭露揭露;使曝光使曝光n.治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗治愈；治疗n.挑战挑战vt.向向挑战挑战Words previewvictimabsorbsuspec
2、tenquiry neighbourhood severe pump n.受害者受害者vt.吸收吸收;吸引吸引;使专心使专心vt.怀疑怀疑n.被怀疑者被怀疑者;嫌疑犯嫌疑犯n.询问询问n.附近附近;邻近邻近adj.严重的严重的;严厉的严厉的n.泵泵;抽水机抽水机vt.(用泵用泵)抽抽(水水)Words previewforesee blamepollutehandlelinkannounce instructvt.预见预见;预知预知vt.责备责备;谴责谴责n.过失过失;责备责备vt.污染污染;弄脏弄脏 n.柄柄;把手把手vt.处理处理;操纵操纵vt.&n.连接；联系连接；联系vt.宣布宣布;通
3、告通告vt.命令命令;指示指示;教导教导Words previewexpose to link to 使显露使显露;暴露暴露将将和和联联系或连接起来系或连接起来Expressions previewPeriod 2 Reading John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Skimming to get general ideasReading Tips在阅读每个段落时，要注意综合运用在阅读每个段落时，要注意综合运用略读略读(skimming)与与扫读扫读(scanning)这两种方这两种方法。法。通过略读把握文章大意通过略读把握文章大意 略读略读(skimming)只看
4、文章标题、下标题只看文章标题、下标题以及每个部分或者段落第一行以及每个部分或者段落第一行,关注文章中反关注文章中反复出现的关键词。复出现的关键词。略读时略读时,要用充足的时间读懂段落的第一要用充足的时间读懂段落的第一句和第二句句和第二句,因为第一句往往是该段的主题句因为第一句往往是该段的主题句(topic sentence),而第二句往往是对前句的延而第二句往往是对前句的延伸伸(extension)或进一步的解释或进一步的解释(explanation)。运用扫读运用扫读(scanning)迅速浏览从第三迅速浏览从第三句开始句开始的后面部分的后面部分,搜寻作者对开头两句搜寻作者对开头两句的支持句
5、的支持句(supporting sentences),并同时并同时注意文章中间是否有转折注意文章中间是否有转折(transition),因因为这些词常常会把文章的思路逆转或加入为这些词常常会把文章的思路逆转或加入其它重要的信息。其它重要的信息。当读到段落的最后一句当读到段落的最后一句时时,我们又要使用略读我们又要使用略读,这时必须再次放慢这时必须再次放慢速度速度(slow down your pace)直到完全消化直到完全消化作者对段落的小结作者对段落的小结(conclusion),因为该因为该小结有可能与主题句截然相反或引导读者小结有可能与主题句截然相反或引导读者进入下一个段落。进入下一个段
6、落。通过扫读寻找特定信息或特定词组通过扫读寻找特定信息或特定词组After reading the passage,match the following stageswith the paragraphs.SkimmingReading Comprehension IStagesDraw a conclusion Think of a methodCollect results Make a questionFind a problem Analyze the resultsFind supporting evidencestages in examining a new scientifi
7、c idea:(:(得出结论得出结论得出结论得出结论):(找出研究方法找出研究方法找出研究方法找出研究方法):(:(收集材料收集材料收集材料收集材料):(:(形成研究主题形成研究主题形成研究主题形成研究主题):(:(发现问题发现问题发现问题发现问题):(:(分析材料分析材料分析材料分析材料):（寻找支持的证据）（寻找支持的证据）Para.Stages in an experiment1234567Find a problemMake a questionThink of a methodCollect resultsAnalyse the resultsDraw a conclusionFin
8、d supporting evidenceParagraphs&Stages First we should find the problem.Then,think of a method.We should collect as much information as possible.Analyzing results is the most important stage.Before we make a conclusion,it is necessary for us to find supporting evidence.SummarySkimmingReading Compreh
9、ension IIWhats the main idea of the passage?A.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B.The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.D.How John Snow collected,analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.What is the pr
10、oblem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera?Details make a question:Cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.Which theory to
11、believe in?/Which theory is correct?A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.The water from the pump was to blame.Public houseanalyze the results:What happened to the pump water?The water was from the river which had been polluted by th
12、e dirty water from London.Find supporting evidence:What extra evidence did he find?A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.draw a conclusion with certaintyThe polluted water carried the disease.fill in this form:(in 15 minutes)Steps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make u
13、p a question3.Think of a method4.collect results5.Analyse results6.Find supporting evidence7.Make a conclusionSteps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a question3.Think of a method4.collect resultsJohn Snow Defeats“King Cholera”What causes cholera?Which theory is correct?using a mapMark the deaths o
14、n the map12346.Find supporting evidence7.Make a conclusion5.Analyse resultsfind out the reasons for deathsFind other evidence to make sure the conclusionPolluted water carried the disease566 To prevent the cholera from spreading again,what did John Snow do?examine the source of all water supplies fi
15、nd new methods of dealing with polluted waternot expose people to the polluted waterThe structure of the textPart One (1)Introduction of John Snow and CholeraPart Two (2-6)How John Snow found the source of CholeraPart Three (7)Cholera was defeated at lastI.Read the text carefully and fill in the bla
16、nks.Many people died of cholera.John Snow tried to find out its _ and _ People drank water from the pump in _ Street.Most died.causecureBroadComprehending Families were given free beer in the pub at _ Street.People removed the _ from the water pump.People had no_ The disease _Cambridgedeathshandlesl
17、owed down_ water carried the disease.Theory 2 that people _ the disease with their meals proved right.And theory 1 was wrong._ the source of all the water supplies.PollutedabsorbedExamineQuizJohn Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.I
18、n 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had _ the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods
19、of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.Retell the text by filling the following blanks.Quiz IJohn Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.He _ on a
20、 map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had _ the dirty water from the _ died.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkeddrunkpumpSo he decided that the polluted water carried cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be
21、 found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.sourceexamineddealingTranslationQuiz II 1.So many thousands of _ 2.(惊恐的老百姓惊恐的老百姓)died every time there 3.was an outbreak.2._(他对两种推测都很感兴趣他对两种推测都很感兴趣)that possibly explained how cholera killed people.3.The water companies were instructed not to expose people t
22、o _ (被污染的水被污染的水)any more.terrified peopleHe became interested in two theoriespolluted waterListen to the tape and read the text aloud Homework1.Read the text again and 2.underline some important 3.phrases and difficult sentences.2.Finish Exx1.2&3 on P3 of comprehending.1.Read the passage and number
23、these events in the order that they happened._ John Snow began to test two theories._ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854._ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.Reading Comprehension III_ He announced that the water carried the disease._ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak wa
24、s very severe._ King Cholera was defeated._ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump._ He had the handle removed from the water pump.Answer:2 1 4 7 3 8 5 6 Answer these questions.1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?2 Do you think John Snow would have solv
25、ed this problem without the map?Give a reason.3 Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?Reading Comprehension V1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?John Snow finally proved his ideabecause he found an outbreak that was cle
26、arly related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.No.The map helped John Snow organize his ideas.He was able to identify those households that had many d
27、eaths and check their water-drinking habits.He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3 Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?Three disease
28、s,which are similar today,are SARS,AIDS and bird flu,because they are serious,have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.What should you do if youre travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak?Drink only water that you have boiled.Other safe drinks include tea or coffee
29、made with boiled water,bottled beverages with no ice.Discussion Eat only food thats been thoroughly cooked and is still hot,or fruit that youve peeled yourself.Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish.Avoid raw salads and vegetables.Avoid food and drinks from street vendors.TIPSHomework1.write a short summary.2.Prepare the language points.