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1、九年级英语Unit31.语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 被动语态的构成1. 被动语态的结构：be+过去分词（由be构成不同时态，具体见下面）a) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 b) 一般过去时：was/were +过去分词c) 一般将来时：will/be going to +be+过去分词 d) 现在进行时：is/am/are +being+过去分词e) 过去进行时：was/were +bein
2、g+过去分词 f) 现在完成时：have/has +been+过去分词2. 被动语态应注意：a) 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。b)。主句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have等，变为被动句时，加上不定式to如：He made the boy work for him. (主动语态) The boy was made to work for him. (被动语态) We often hear the boy cry at night.-The boy is often heard to cry
3、 at night.【链接中考】2007年湖北咸宁市：Betty is often seen _ the old man with his housework.A. help B. to help C. helped D. helps (答案为B)c) 常见的不用被动语态的动词：系动词, look /seem /appear, belong to, die, fall, happen, last, become, get(变得), feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste, grow, cost, fit, have(有), take place, sell(vi),
4、 wash(vi), read(vi), write(vi), open(vi), close(vi), shut(vi), lock (vi), wear(vi), keep(保持), stay(保持)等3. 几种特殊的被动语态：a）带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为情态动词(may, can, could, might, must, would, should, shall) + be + 过去分词。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to ，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before
5、next month. 那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。The debt has to be paid off before next month. 那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 油经过燃烧可变为能原。You ought to be criticized for your carelessness. 你由于粗心大意应当受到批评。b) 带双宾语的主动态变成被动态我们先来看看带有两个宾语的主动语态句子的结构，重点看谓语部分：She sent me a novel on my birthday .主 谓 间接宾语 直
6、接宾语 状语I allowed him an hour to finish the work .主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语从上面的分析可以看出，两个宾语分别是：直接宾语和间接宾语。将这种主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动语态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为保留宾语写入被动语态中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作主语，有时要在被动语态句子的保留宾语前加上与动词相搭配的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb. sth., send sb. sth., buy sb. sth.；我们也可以说give sth. to sb., sen
7、d sth. to sb., buy sth. for sb.。请看下面两种情况：I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday. (被动)c) 复合宾语的主动语态变成被动语态如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语 + 宾语补足语）的主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子，句子的宾语作被动句的主语；原句里的宾语补足留在原处，成
8、为主语补足语了。例如：They asked me to help them. (宾语补足语) I was asked to help them. (主语补足语) We saw them coming over. (宾语补足语) They were seen coming over. (主语补足语)2. allow _. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如： Mother _TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。_被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy_ to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 _允许做。 如，我们不允许吸烟_should be allowed to do sth.
9、应该被允许做某事（被动语态）Sixteen-year-olds _应该允许16岁大的青少年选择自己的服装。它的主动语态是：should allow sb. to do sth.【链接中考】The students_play basketball after school every day.(2007内江市)A. allow to B. are allowed to C. were allowed to3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done 如：I get my car made. =
10、 I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车【链接中考】(2009兰州市) She tells her son to have his hair_(cut) every other month4.choose v.选择n._ 过去式_过去分词_ job/work5.agree-n._ 同意某人的意见_同意做某事_6. enough 足够_ _ enough to 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。7. stop _ _
11、_8. dress +_ 给穿衣 be in +_put on :_ wear : _9. 似乎好像_=_Eg;_ _他看起来好像很伤心。 10. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), keep,seem等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. She seems
12、 angry.11. need _ _ _12 at that age 在那种年龄 at the age of 在岁时(此短语可以转换为when的时间状语从句)13. 倒装句: 由so助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语意为：也是一样She is a student. So am I.她是一个学生，我也是。She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是由so主语(同一主语) 助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词 意为；确实是。 - She has finished the work. -So she has
13、 .-她已经完成了工作 - ,她确实完成了。-She walks to school. -So she does.-她步行学校，-的确如此【链接中考】-In recent years, more and more Americans like traveling during holidays. -_. (2007 济宁市) A. So do we Chinese B. So will we Chinese C. So we Chinese do D. So we Chinese will ：-Ann has made great progress recently. - _ and _. (
14、2007 湖北咸宁市) A. So has she, so have you B. So has she, so you have C. So she has, so you have D. So she has, so have you 思考 neither/nor14. yet 仍然，还常用在否定句或疑问句当中15. stay up 熬夜如：I_.我经常熬夜到12点。 Stay up doing sth. 熬夜做某事 如；他昨晚熬夜准备考试_【链接中考】During the World Cup, some people _ all night to watch the games. (20
15、06云南省课改区)A. wake up B. get up C. stay up D. make up 16. clean up 打扫整理如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。17. take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败18曾经做某事：Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent.19. . _
16、. 对某人要求严格 _ 对某事要求严格20. the other day= a few days ago 前几天，几天以前 (常用于过去时)21.talk _ _22. want=_ _=_ _ _23. concentrate on 全神贯注，专心于 eg;学生在课堂上必须专注学习_24. keep sb. /sth. adj./doing sth. 让某人某物保持某种状态 过去式、分词Eg;我们应该保持我们的城市干净_ 他让那个孩子一直哭_25. bothand+动词_ eg._neither of./either of+动词_ eg_neither.nor/either.or_ eg;_
17、26. at present 目前= now, at the moment eg.对不起，我现在太忙_Present adj.出席的，现场的 反义词是absent27. have a(n) opportunity/chance to do sth. 有机会做某事=have a(n) chance/ opportunity of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to_ to Beijing. I have a chance of_to Beijing.28.go back _ sw. = return to sw.29.experience v
18、.经历 可数名词； 经历 不可数；经验30 volunteer v.自愿（做某事）+ to do eg;他主动帮我学英语_ n. 志愿者 eg;我们需要几个志愿者_31. be good for 对有益 be good at = do well in 对学得好，擅长 (反义词be weak in) be good to 对友好 (注意be kind /nice of sb. to v sth.是做某事某人真的是太好了)32. at least _ at most _ at last_33. sleepy adj. =tired困倦的,不活跃的 sleep v.& n. 睡觉，睡眠 asleep
19、 adj. 睡着的，熟睡的 fall asleep34. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off35. reply v.回答，答复（不及物动词，跟宾语时须接to reply to=answer） Eg; She replayed to the letters n. 回答，答复 比answer要正式，指经过思考，有针对性的回答【链接中考】(2009盐城) Have you _（回复）his letter?36Obey v.服从顺从 近义词 follow v遵守，服从 反义词 disobey v不服从，反抗 break v 违反obey the rules/la
20、w遵守规则/法律【链接中考】(2009鸡西) But if you dont _（遵守）the simple rules, you wont feel better.37get /be in the way of 碍事，妨碍如： Her social life_. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。38. success n. succeed (后面搭配介词in) v. successful adj. successfully adv. professional adj- profession n athlete n.-athletic adj.39.teach sb. (not) to do _
21、过去式、分词_40. importance n. 重要，重要性 important adj. 重要的41. be serious about doing/sth. 对 热衷， 对兴趣 对认真如：_. 她对跳舞热衷。43. care about 担心，关心 care for 关心，关怀，照顾 Take care of = look after take care = be careful44.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. Only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首的句子，主句需倒装 Eg. Only when h
22、e finished his homework could he go home.Only in this way can you improve your English.45. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend doing sth
23、. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 46. also 也 用于句中 either也 用于否定句且用于句末 too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、take、put、set、send、take、tu
24、rn、play等动词构成的词组1)come back 回来2)come down 下来3)come in 进入，进来4)come on 快，走吧，跟我来5)come out出来6)come out of 从出来7)come up 上来8)come from 来自9)do ones lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读11)do ones best 尽力12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜，读点书，大扫除)13)do a good dee
25、d (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)14)do morning exercises 做早操15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操16)do well in 在某方面干得好17)get up 起身18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为作好准备20)get on (well) with 与相处(融洽)21)get back 返回22)get rid of 除掉，去除23)get in 进入，收集24)get on/off 上/下车25)get to 到达 26)get there 到
26、达那里27)give sb. a call 给打电话28)give a talk 作报告29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)30)give back 归还，送回31)givesome advice on 给一些忠告32)give lessons to 给上课33)give in 屈服34)give up 放弃35)give sb. a chance 给一次机会36)give a message to 给一个口信37)go ahead先走，向前走，去吧，干吧38)go to the cinema 看电影39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学)41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病42)go over 过一遍,复习/go over to 朝走去 43)go fishing / skating / swimming / shopping去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿)45)go round 顺便去，绕道走46)go up 上去47)go out for a walk 外出散步