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1、University of Science and Technology of China英语基础语法英语基础语法时态篇时态篇University of Science and Technology of China英语的基本时态英语的基本时态:英语基本时态主要包括以下九种。英语基本时态主要包括以下九种。1，一般现在时；，一般现在时；2，现在进行时。，现在进行时。3，现在完成时；，现在完成时；4，现在完成进行时。，现在完成进行时。5，一般过去时；，一般过去时；6，过去进行时，过去进行时7，过去完成时；，过去完成时；8，一般将来时；，一般将来时；9，过去将来时，过去将来时University o
2、f Science and Technology of China英语句子成分：英语句子成分：主要包括主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和补语。主要包括主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和补语。主语主语：主语指所谈论或描述的对象。：主语指所谈论或描述的对象。例如：例如：She is a worker.The car is new.Leaves are green.但主语可以继续复杂化。但主语可以继续复杂化。例如：例如：It is unexpected.（单词做主语）（单词做主语）Defeating his rival is unexpected.（短语作主语）（短语作主语）That he ha
3、s defeated his rival is unexpected.（句子做主语）（句子做主语）University of Science and Technology of China谓语谓语：谓语由动词充当。在英语中，动词主要包括两类：谓语由动词充当。在英语中，动词主要包括两类：1，系动词，系动词，指指am/is/are及其过去时和现在分词形式；及其过去时和现在分词形式；2，表示具体动作的动词，表示具体动作的动词，如如kick,write,speak,walk等。等。例如：She is an expert in computer science.The story was very in
4、teresting.I wrote a letter to my sister last week.She speaks English pretty well.此外，助动词，情态动词可以和动词一起做谓语。此外，助动词，情态动词可以和动词一起做谓语。如：如：We have finished reading this book.I will finish my homework tomorrow.He can speak English.University of Science and Technology of China宾语宾语：宾语表示动作的对象，跟在表示具体动作的宾语表示动作的对象，跟
5、在表示具体动作的及物及物动词后动词后面。面。例如：例如：He kicked the ball.宾语也可以复杂化。I know it.I know the interesting story.I know that he has succeeded in the competition.University of Science and Technology of China表语表语：系动词后面的成分就是表语。系动词后面的成分就是表语。例如例如：I am a teacher.They were on the playground.The meeting is to be held tomorro
6、w morning.表语也可以复杂化。The secret is unknown.The secret is unknown to all of us.The secret is that he has devised a trick to get the moneyUniversity of Science and Technology of China定语定语:定语起修饰作用，表示事物或人的性质或特点定语起修饰作用，表示事物或人的性质或特点。例如：例如：It is a new car.It is a green leaf.They are interesting stories.定语也可以
7、复杂化，最典型的是定语从句。定语也可以复杂化，最典型的是定语从句。It is a new car.It is a car which is the newest for him.University of Science and Technology of China造句：1.明天我和我的导师坐飞机去北京参加一场关于英语教学的会议。明天我和我的导师坐飞机去北京参加一场关于英语教学的会议。2.如果战争爆发，大量难民将不顾一切的涌入这个国家寻求庇护。如果战争爆发，大量难民将不顾一切的涌入这个国家寻求庇护。那是唯一一个提供避难所的地方。那是唯一一个提供避难所的地方。University of Sci
8、ence and Technology of China1.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor by air to attend an academic conference on foreign language teaching.I will go to Beijing.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor.Tomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor by air.Tomorrow,I
9、will go to Beijing with my tutor by air to attend an academic conferenceTomorrow,I will go to Beijing with my tutor by air to attend an academic conference on foreign language teaching.University of Science and Technology of China一般现在时一般现在时：一般现在是有两种用法：一般现在是有两种用法：1，表示一般性或习惯，表示一般性或习惯性的动作；性的动作；2，表示现在的状
10、态。，表示现在的状态。1，表示一般性或习惯性的动作句子基本结构为：主语+谓语（表示具体动作的动词）+其它例如：I get up at six every morning.She goes to school by bus everyday.They play football at weekends.注意：主语为第三人称单数时，动词采用第三人称单数形式。否定句否定句：直接在主语后面加doesnt 或dont.此外，否定句中动词必须采用原形。I dont get up at six every morning.She doesnt go to school by bus everyday.The
11、y dont play football at weekends.University of Science and Technology of China疑问句疑问句：在主语前面直接加在主语前面直接加do或或does；此外，疑问句中动词必；此外，疑问句中动词必须采用原形。须采用原形。She goes to school by bus everyday.They play football at weekends.Does She go to school by bus everyday?Do they play football at weekends?University of Scien
12、ce and Technology of China2.表示现在的状态基本句子结构为：主语基本句子结构为：主语+系动词（系动词（am/is/are)+其它其它例如：例如：She is a famous expert in computer science.These pictures are interesting.否定句：在系动词后面直接加否定句：在系动词后面直接加not.She isnt a famous expert in computer science.These pictures arent interesting.疑问句：把系动词提到主语的前面。疑问句：把系动词提到主语的前面。I
13、s she a famous expert in computer science？Are these pictures interesting？University of Science and Technology of China典型错误：He is work in a factory.Is she study in a factory Does she runs to the school?University of Science and Technology of China现在进行时：表示正在发生或进行的动作。基本句子结构为：主语+系动词(am/is/are)+动词的ing形式+
14、其它例如：They are playing football on the playground.My sister is watching TV.否定句：直接在系动词后面加not.They arent playing football on the playground.My sister isnt watching TV.疑问句：直接把系动词提到主语前面。Are they playing football on the playground?Is my sister watching TV?University of Science and Technology of China一般将来时
15、一般将来时：两种用法：1.在将来的时间里要发生或进行的动作；2，在将来的时间里要呈现的状态。1.在将来的时间里要发生或进行的动作基本句子结构为：主语+will+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它 主语(主语为第一人称I或 we)+shall+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它主语+be to do+其它主语+will+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它例如：I will visit our school tomorrow.They will attend the entrance examination next year.
16、University of Science and Technology of China否定句：在否定句：在will 后面直接加后面直接加notI wont visit our school tomorrow.They wont attend the entrance examination next year.疑问句：把疑问句：把will 直接提到主语前面。直接提到主语前面。Will you visit our school tomorrow?Will they attend the entrance examination next year?University of Science
17、and Technology of China第二种表达方式主语+am/is/are to+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它I am going to visit our school tomorrow.They are going to attend the entrance examination next year.否定句：在am/is/are 后面直接加not.Im not going to visit our school tomorrow.They arent going to attend the entrance examination next year.疑问句：把am/is
18、/are提到主语前面。Are you going to visit our school tomorrow?Are they going to attend the entrance examination next year?University of Science and Technology of China主语(主语为第一人称I或 we)+shall+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它I will visit our school tomorrow.I am going to visit our school tomorrow.I shall go to visit our schoo
19、l tomorrow.主语+be to do+其它 They are to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to visit your factory.University of Science and Technology of China2，在将来的时间里要呈现的状态。，在将来的时间里要呈现的状态。基本句子结构为：主语+will+be+其它主语+am/is/are going to+be+其它 主语(主语为第一人称/I或 we)+shall+be+其它主语+be to be+其它1.I will be a postgraduate next ye
20、ar.The result will be surprising to all of us.2.I am going to be a postgraduate next year.The result is going to be surprising to all of us.3.I shall be a postgraduate next year.4.I am to be a postgraduate nest year.University of Science and Technology of China 一般过去时：两种用法：1，表示在过去的时间里发生的动作；2，表示在过去的时间
21、里所呈现的状态。1，表示在过去的时间里发生的动作基本结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它例如：she received the letter yesterday.they graduated form this university in 1998.否定句：在主语后面加 didnt并把动词过去式改为原形。she didnt receive the letter yesterday.they didnt graduate form this university in 1998.疑问句：在主语前面直接加did 并把动词改为原形。Did she receive the letter yesterday
22、.Did they graduate form this university in 1998.University of Science and Technology of China2，表示在过去的时间里所呈现的状态基本句子结构为：主语+was/were+其它例如 she was the manager of our corporation last year.否定句:she wasnt the manager of our corporation last year.疑问句:Was she the manager of our corporation last year?典型错误：She
23、 was worked in the factory last year.Was she studied in this school last year?Did she studied in this school last year?She didnt studied in this school last year.University of Science and Technology of China过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间里正在发生或进行的动作.基本句子结构为：主语+was/were+动词的ing形式例如：My mother was washing clothes when
24、 I arrived.We were doing housework at 4o clock yesterday afternoon.否定句:My mother wasnt washing clothes when I arrived.疑问句:Was my mother washing clothes when I arrived?University of Science and Technology of China 过去将来时过去将来时：两种用法：1，表示在过去的某一时刻看来将要发生的动作；2,表示在过去的某一时刻看来将要呈现的状态；1，表示在过去的某一时刻看来将要发生的动作基本句型结构
25、：主语+would+动词原形（具体动作的动词）+其它 she thought that she would fail in the examination.It was believed that the country would go into a war.否定句：she didnt think that she would fail in the examination.It wasnt believed that the country would go into a war.疑问句：Did she think that she would fail in the examinatio
26、n?was It believed that the country would go into a war?University of Science and Technology of China2,表示在过去的某一时刻看来将要呈现的状态；基本句型：主语+would+be+其它 she thought she would be successful in the future.they thought they would be college students soon.否定句：she didnt think she would be successful in the future.t
27、hey didnt think they would be college students soon.疑问句：Did she think she would be successful in the future?Did they think they would be college students soon?University of Science and Technology of China 现在完成时现在完成时：1，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响；2.表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续发展下表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续
28、发展下去。去。1，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响基本句型：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其它注意现在完成时和一般过去时的细微区别。I have studied some French.I studied some French.She has taken some medicine.She took some medicine.表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续发展下去。I have lived here for three years.I have studied in this university for two years.University of Science
29、 and Technology of China过去完成时：表示过去的过去过去完成时：表示过去的过去基本句型：主语+had+动词的过去分词+其它He returned at midnight and found that someone had broken into his house.By last year,my uncle had stayed abroad for eight years.University of Science and Technology of China 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时：1，表示过去发生的动作一直持续，刚刚才结束；2.过去发生的动作一致持续到现在
30、，现在还在进行。句型：主语+have/has been+动词的ing形式+其它I have been waiting for you for half an hour.I have been writing a book。I have been learning English since three years ago。University of Science and Technology of China英语时态注意事项：1：时态避免误用；2：时态结构正确；3：时态保持一致：When I arrived in this city,my sister was waiting for me
31、at the airport.When I arrived in this city,my sister had waited for me for three hours at the airport.When I arrived in this city,I felt rather disappointed.University of Science and Technology of ChinaIt _ when I left the school.A is snowing Bwas snowing Csnows Dwill snowAll the equipment _ before
32、the experiment began.A have been prepared Bwere prepared Chad been prepared Dhad preparedUniversity of Science and Technology of China University of Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology of China大作文要求：1.Describe the picture.2.Explain its intended meaning/symbolic meaning.3.Give your comments.或者：1.Describe the picture.2.Explain its intended meaning/symbolic meaning.3.Support your views with examples.