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1、 Respiratory Respiratory systemsystemRespiratory systemn nNasal cavity,pharynx&larynx.n nTrachea&bronchi.n nLung.一、一、tracheamucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea trachea(HE)(HE)Mixed glandMixed glandEM:epithelium of trachea4.Small granule C4.Small granule C1.Ciliated C1.Ciliated C2.Brush C2.Brush C3.Gobl
2、et C3.Goblet C5.Basal C5.Basal CThe wall of trachea1.1.Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propriaMucosa=epithelium+lamina propriauu pseudostratiated ciliated columnar pseudostratiated ciliated columnaruu Ciliated Ciliated C,goblet,goblet C,brush,brush C,basal basal C,small granular,small granular C.2.Submucos
3、a=2.Submucosa=CT+mixed glandsmixed glands3.Adventitia=16-20 3.Adventitia=16-20 C shaped shaped hayline hayline cartilage rings.cartilage rings.n n atmosphere&atmosphere&alveolialveolin n alveoli&alveoli&blood blood(blood&tissue)(blood&tissue)Gas exchangeGas exchangebronchiolelunglung二、二、lunglungLung
4、 L Lo ow w p po ow we er rlungn nparenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.parenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.uuPrincipal bronchi(Principal bronchi(Br)lobular)lobular、segmental segmental Brsmaller smaller Brbronchioleterminal bronchiolebronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolerespiratory bronchio
5、lealveolar ductalveolar duct、alveolar sacalveoli.alveolar sacalveoli.uuConduction portion:above terminal Conduction portion:above terminal bronchioles.bronchioles.uuRespiratory portion:respiratory Respiratory portion:respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.bronchiole to alveoli.uuPulmonary lobulePulmonary
6、 lobule:bronchiole and:bronchiole and its ramifications.its ramifications.Conduction portionConduction portionConduction portionConduction portionlobular Br&small Brlobular Br&small Brlobular Br&small Brlobular Br&small BrEpitheliumGoblet CGlandsCartilage plateSMCConduction portionConduction portion
7、bronchiole&bronchiole&terminal brochioleterminal brochioleSimple ciliated columnar.Goblet C（）（）Gland （）（）Cartilage plate （）（）SMCRules of structural variance in conducting portionRules of structural variance in conducting portionSmall BrSmall BrSmall BrSmall Brbronchiolbronchiolbronchiolbronchiole e
8、e eTerminal Terminal Terminal Terminal bronchiolebronchiolebronchiolebronchioleEpi Epi Epi Epi PseudostratifiePseudostratifiePseudostratifiePseudostratified d d dCiliated Ciliated Ciliated Ciliated columnar columnar columnar columnar Simple Simple Simple Simple ciliated ciliated ciliated ciliated co
9、lumnarcolumnarcolumnarcolumnarSimple Simple Simple Simple columnarcolumnarcolumnarcolumnar*claraclaraclaraclaracellcellcellcellGoblet Goblet Goblet Goblet C C +/-+/-+/-+/-Mixed Mixed Mixed Mixed glandglandglandgland+/-+/-+/-+/-CartilagCartilagCartilagCartilage platee platee platee plate+/-+/-+/-+/-S
10、MCSMCSMCSMC+Respiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory bronchioleRespiratory bronchioleRespiratory bronchioleRespiratory bronchioleThe wall is interruptedThe wall is interruptedSimple Simple cuboidalcuboidal EpiEpi,claraclara C CSMCSMCRespiratory portionR
11、espiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionAlveolar duct&alveolar Alveolar duct&alveolar Alveolar duct&alveolar Alveolar duct&alveolar sacsacsacsacThe wall,many alveoliThe wall,many alveoli SMCSMC*Simple Simple cuboidalcuboidal,squamoussquamousAlveolar ductAlveolar ductAlveolar sacAlveo
12、lar sacNo SMCNo SMC*Respiratory portionRespiratory portionalveolusalveolus肺泡管肺泡管Simple alveolar Epi.(1)(1)Respiratory portionn n#constituentsconstituents：respiratory respiratory bronchiolebronchiole，alveolar ductalveolar duct，alveolar sacalveolar sac，alveolusalveolus。1.Respiratory bronchiole1.Respir
13、atory bronchioleuuThe wall,few alveoli open The wall,few alveoli open into.into.uuSimple cuboidal Epi,SMC.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.(2)(2)Respiratory portion2.2.Alveolar duct&alveolar sacAlveolar duct&alveolar sacuuThe wall,many alveoli open into.The wall,many alveoli open into.uuKnobs in the wall of
14、alveolar duct Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct uuKnobs is sphincter-like SMC.Knobs is sphincter-like SMC.(3)(3)Respiratory portion3.alveolus:3.alveolus:uu type type I alveolar alveolar Cuu type type II alveolar Cuu alveolar septum.alveolar septum.Type II alveolar CmacrophageElastic fibertype I alv
15、eolar CType II alveolar COsmiophilic Multilamellar bodiesOsmiophilic Multilamellar bodiesblood-air barrierAlveolin nType I celluusquamoussquamous,covered most surface,covered most surface of the alveoli.of the alveoli.n nType II celluuLM:round or round or cuboidalcuboidal,cell body,cell body protrud
16、e into the lumen.protrude into the lumen.uuEM:osmiophilicosmiophilic multilamellarmultilamellar body,body,with abundant phospholipids.with abundant phospholipids.uuFunctions:secret Functions:secret surfactant,surfactant,reduce surface tension,stabilize reduce surface tension,stabilize alveoli.alveol
17、i.n nAlveolar septum:Alveolar septum:continuous continuous Cap.,elastic fiber.macrophage dust elastic fiber.macrophage dust C.blood-air barrierblood-air barrier includes includes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli2.type 2.type I alveolar alveolar C3.BM of alveolar
18、 3.BM of alveolar C4.delicate layer of 4.delicate layer of CT5.continuous 5.continuous Cap.BM BM6.continuous 6.continuous Cap.Endothelium.Endothelium.TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolar ductAlveolar ductAlveolar sac1 12 23 34 4Rules of structural variance in respiratory portionRules of s
19、tructural variance in respiratory portionwallwallwallwallEpi.Epi.Epi.Epi.SMCSMCSMCSMCRespiratory Respiratory Respiratory Respiratory bronchiolebronchiolebronchiolebronchioleNot integratedNot integratedNot integratedNot integratedAlveoli open Alveoli open Alveoli open Alveoli open Simple columanSimpl
20、e columanSimple columanSimple columanSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalthinthinthinthinAlveolar Alveolar Alveolar Alveolar ductductductductMany alveoli Many alveoli Many alveoli Many alveoli open into open into open into open into Simple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboid
21、alSimple cuboidalA fewA fewA fewA fewAlveolar Alveolar Alveolar Alveolar sacsacsacsac of alveoli of alveoli of alveoli of alveoli Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.nonononoalveolusalveolusalveolusalveolusIrregular Irregular Irregular Irregular vesicularvesicularvesicularvesicularAl
22、veolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.nonononoAlveolar epithelial cellshapeshapeshapeshapecytoplasmcytoplasmcytoplasmcytoplasmfunctionsfunctionsfunctionsfunctionsType Type I IsquamoussquamoussquamoussquamousPhagocytotic Phagocytotic Phagocytotic Phagocytotic vesiclevesiclevesiclevesicleC
23、overed 95%of the Covered 95%of the Covered 95%of the Covered 95%of the surface of alveoli to surface of alveoli to surface of alveoli to surface of alveoli to benefit gas exchange.benefit gas exchange.benefit gas exchange.benefit gas exchange.Type Type IIIIroundroundroundroundcuboidalcuboidalcuboida
24、lcuboidalOsmiophilic Osmiophilic Osmiophilic Osmiophilic multilamellar multilamellar multilamellar multilamellar bodybodybodybodySecret surfactant to Secret surfactant to Secret surfactant to Secret surfactant to reduce surface tension reduce surface tension reduce surface tension reduce surface ten
25、sion and stabilize the and stabilize the and stabilize the and stabilize the alveoli.alveoli.alveoli.alveoli.Type IType I cell can not regenerate.cell can not regenerate.Type II cell can differentiate into Type IType II cell can differentiate into Type I cell.*keypointsn nThe basic structure of trachea.n nHistologic structure of conduction portion.n nHistologic structure of respiratory portion.n nEsp.the alveolar epithelium