《8bu7grammar2(教育精品).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《8bu7grammar2(教育精品).ppt（47页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Passive Voice被动语态被动语态 英语语态英语语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 workedopenedclosed seentaught asked work close openask seeteache.g.由助动词由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。构成。助动词助动词be有有人称、数和时态的变化人称、数和时态的变化。英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动主动主动主动语态和语态和语态和语态和被动被动被动被动语态。语态。语态。语态。1.1.1.1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者当我们不知道谁是动作的执行
2、者当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,2 2 2 2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态。被动语态被动语态结构：结构：be+(及物动词的及物动词的)过去分词过去分词+(by)His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed by his brother every day.改为被动语态Summary主动语态：主动语态：主动语态：主动语态：S（主语）（主语）（主语）（主
3、语）+V（谓语）（谓语）（谓语）（谓语）+O（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）被动语态：被动语态：被动语态：被动语态：S（主语）（主语）（主语）（主语）+V(被动结构被动结构被动结构被动结构)+)+by by O（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）转换步骤转换步骤1 原句的宾语变主语，宾变主原句的宾语变主语，宾变主.2 和原句的时态保持一致，看时态。和原句的时态保持一致，看时态。3 找出对应的谓语动词，变分词。找出对应的谓语动词，变分词。n nThey play football on Sunday.n nLucy does the homework in the evening.n nThey o
4、ften use computers in class.n nWe make these machines in Beilun.n nPeople speak English as the first language in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the fi
5、rst language in UK.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词n nThey play football on Sunday.n nLucy does the homework in the evening.n nThey often use computers in class.n nWe make these machines in Beilun.n n
6、People speak English as the first language in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in UK.2.They bought ten computers last term Ten comput
7、ers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词过去分词He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓宾(受动者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday.n nThey built the tall building last year.n nHe took good care of his little brother yesterday.n nWe cleaned our classroom just now.n nT
8、hey used this room for resting.n nThey planted many trees years ago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted by them years ago.3.The
9、y will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow.n nWe will have a sports meeting next week.n nChildren will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorr
10、ow.n nThe headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.n nThe farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.n nUncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by th
11、e headmaster this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy m
12、ay draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.Some wo
13、rkers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have
14、 been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was
15、/were+being+done表格：被动态基本结构am/is/are killed was/were killed am/is/are being killed was/were being killed will be killed would be killed have/has been killed had been killed n n1 1 一般现在时一般现在时 He kills pigs every day.He kills pigs every day.n nPigs are killed by him every day.Pigs are killed by him eve
16、ry day.n n2 2 一般过去时一般过去时 He killed two pigs yesterday.He killed two pigs yesterday.n nTwo pigs were killed by him yesterday.Two pigs were killed by him yesterday.n n3 3 现在进行时现在进行时 He is killing a pig now.He is killing a pig now.n nA pig is being killed by him now.A pig is being killed by him now.n n
17、4 4 过去进行时过去进行时 He was killing a pig at 3 yesterday afternoon.He was killing a pig at 3 yesterday afternoon.n nA pig was being killed by him at 3 yesterday afternoon.A pig was being killed by him at 3 yesterday afternoon.n n5 5 一般将来时一般将来时 He will kill 9 pigs next week.He will kill 9 pigs next week.n
18、n9 pigs will be killed by him next week.9 pigs will be killed by him next week.n n6 6 过去将来时过去将来时 He told me that he would kill 8 pigs on weekends.He told me that he would kill 8 pigs on weekends.n nI was told that 8 pigs would be killed on weekendsI was told that 8 pigs would be killed on weekends.n
19、 n7 7 现在完成时现在完成时 He have killed 200 pigs up till now.He have killed 200 pigs up till now.n n200 pigs have been klled by him up till now.200 pigs have been klled by him up till now.n n8 8 过去完成时过去完成时 He had killed 2 pigs before lunch.He had killed 2 pigs before lunch.n nTwo pigs had been killed by him
20、 before lunch.Two pigs had been killed by him before lunch.n n9 9 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时(无被动无被动)have been doing sth)have been doing sth 表示一直做表示一直做.动动作可能继续或者已经停止。作可能继续或者已经停止。I have been killing 3 pigs for 3 I have been killing 3 pigs for 3 hours.hours.n n为什么可以省略为什么可以省略 by.?by.?因为有时被动语态的主语我们不可能知因为有时被动语态的主语我们不
21、可能知道。道。昨天夜里，我家被纵火了。昨天夜里，我家被纵火了。1。动词。动词(表示主语的属性特征表示主语的属性特征)+副词副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A.were sold B.sell C.have sold D.are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.wash
22、es D.is washedBC主动式表被动义主动式表被动义2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主且和句子的主语语(或宾语或宾语)构成动宾关系时构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat)We find English is hard _(learn)The article is difficult _(understand).to eatto learnto under
23、stand3.不定式作后置定语不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系宾关系,又和该句主语又和该句主语(或宾语或宾语)构成主谓关系时构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。I have a lot of homework _(do)Ill give him some books _(read)to doto read表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主主动式表被动义动式表被动义。4表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主动式表主动式表被动义被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,tas
24、te,prove,appear,make,.)The steel feels cold5 表示表示“开始、结束、运动开始、结束、运动”的动词的动词用主动式表被用主动式表被动义。动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am.every day表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被用主动式表被动义动义6.作作“需要需要”讲的讲的want/need/require后接后接动名词作宾语时，用动名词作宾语时，用主动
25、式主动式表被动义；当表被动义；当然也可接然也可接不定式的被动式不定式的被动式作宾语作宾语。Your jacket needs washing/to be washedQuiz 1 Quiz 11.The steel _ cold A.is felt B.was feeling C.feels D.is being felt2.His plan _ good A.has sounded B.is sounding C.is sounded D.soundsCDQuiz 2Quiz 2The shop _ at 6 am.every day A.opens B.opened C.is opened
26、 D.is openingWork _ at 7 pm.today A.ends B.ended C.was ended D.had endedABThe pen _ smoothly A.was wrote B.writes C.has writing D.is writtenThis coat _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washedQuiz 3BCYour jacket needs _(wash)The house requires _(repair)Quiz 4washingrepairingThe fish is
27、not fit _(eat)We find English difficult _(learn)Quiz 5to eatto learnI have much homework _(do)Ill give the boy some books _(read)Quiz 6to doto read练习：练习：1.Many people speak English.1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives
28、for cutting things.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People used metal for making machines.4.People used metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada.6.They speak English in Canada.7.They write
29、business letters in English.7.They write business letters in English.8.They grow rice in South China.8.They grow rice in South China.9.They plant many trees in North China.9.They plant many trees in North China.10.Lu Xun wrote this book.10.Lu Xun wrote this book.11.The workers built some bridges.11.
30、The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box as a table.12.We can use the box as a table.13.We should clean the classroom everyday13.We should clean the classroom everyday 被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句：The teacher is
31、 listened to carefully by the students in class.e.g.They look after the new students in the school.被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.They make us do all the work.被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.e.g.We often hea
32、r her sing songs.被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.e.g.I saw him walk to school.被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常
33、见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy e.g.He gives me a flower everyday.被动1 I am given a flower by him everyday.被动2 A flower is given to me by him everyday.e.g.My mother bought me a computer.被动1 I was bought a computer by my mother.被动2 A computer was bought for me b
34、y my mother.练习：练习：将下列句子变为被动句。将下列句子变为被动句。1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.3.We took care of the things.3.We took care of the things.4.They gave us some work.4
35、.They gave us some work.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.5.The boy made them laugh all the time.6.My mother buys me a bike.6.My mother buys me a bike.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windo
36、ws of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on
37、the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us7.Did you plant many trees at this time la
38、st year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factor
39、y.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them