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1、非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式Gerund 动名词Participle 分词第1页/共98页Structure:to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative(否定):not to doPassive voice:第2页/共98页(1).主语 Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj.(for sb)to do sth.It is+a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb+t
2、ime to do.is important to get enough sleep at night第3页/共98页1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke.2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1第4页/共98页(2).表语 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力学习).is to study hardTo se
3、e is to believe.to teach you English.第5页/共98页These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3)宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+to dolike to domanage to do第6页/共98页think considerfind make feel形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I
4、decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it+adj.+to do 巩固练习2第7页/共98页The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4).宾补 Complement五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 list
5、en to hear一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.+sb to do第8页/共98页I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B.to fall C.
6、falling D.fallen改错:He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work第9页/共98页(5).定语 Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)He is looking for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very
7、 good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的）a room to live in第10页/共98页I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语 Adverbi
8、alin order to,so as to,1.1.表目的2.表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto,tooto,only to,etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.第11页/共98页1._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept 2001春季高考
9、 第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.第12页/共98页1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作宾语补足语5.作定语6.作状语在句中承担的成分:第13页/共98页主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice（时态与语态）to be doing to have done to have been done-to have been doing-第14页/共98页(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pre
10、tended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)第15页/共98页1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read2.Do let y
11、our mother know all the truth.She appears_ everything.(01年高考)A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told巩固练习3第16页/共98页3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34)A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderfu
12、l cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave第17页/共98页第18页/共98页who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation
13、or not.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.(表语表语)不定式与疑问词连用:第19页/共98页关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.e.g.:Would you like to go with me?(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?A.Id like to B
14、.Id like to go Yes,_.A.Id like to be.B.Id like to.Yes,_.第20页/共98页1.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to巩固练习4第21页/共98页不定式用在介词but,e
15、xcept,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but _.(cry)(2).I have no choice but_.(go)(3).What do you like _ besides_.(do,sleep)cryto goto dosleep第22页/共98页第23页/共98页 (eat,give up,finish,explain,tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.to gi
16、ve upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it,but I forgot to do so.to have told 第24页/共98页1.(MET92 14)-I usually go there by
17、train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.(MET94 22)A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding第25页/共98页4.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.(97 上海
18、12)A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 3.While shopping,people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.(96上海上海14)A.to pursue B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 第26页/共98页5.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have stud
19、ied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make第27页/共98页7.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to s
20、ee B.to be seen C.seeing D.see8.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 第28页/共98页9.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning10.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A
21、.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off第29页/共98页11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 12.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expec
22、t C.to be expecting D.expects第30页/共98页13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not makeC.not making D.not to make第31页/共98页Assignment:1.Review what we have learned about infinitive.2.Do
23、all the exercise in the paper.第32页/共98页不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.(2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.(3)同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.第33页/共98页固定句型:had better+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)do sth.?prefer
24、to do/prefer doingprefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing Bprefer+to do A rather than (to)do Bwould rather(not)do sth.would rather do A than(do)Bwould rather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做第34页/共98页注意以下几种情况不定式的用法*在the first,the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do。如：He was the last to leave the classroom*如果understand，realize,know
25、用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用to do。如：I began to understand the truth*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。如：()In order not to be seen,he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen,he came into the room through the window ()He came into the room through the w
26、indow so as not to be seen*so as to do一般不放在句首。()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X)So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning第35页/共98页1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The sentence w
27、ants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being第36页/共98页4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.
28、to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B.learning C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off第37页/共98页7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customer
29、s?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,made8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study第38页/共98页9.-Did you ge
30、t a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try go
31、ing D.try to go 第39页/共98页12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made13.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read第40页
32、/共98页第41页/共98页1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with chil
33、dren before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects第42页/共98页4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the gove
34、rnment knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 第43页/共98页7.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learn
35、ed D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to第44页/共98页10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation
36、.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.havin
37、g invented第45页/共98页13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not t
38、o make第46页/共98页1.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you.2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you.4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.Im glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you9.To tell you the truth,I dont agree with you.10.How to solve this problem
39、is very important.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）独立成分和疑问词连用第47页/共98页Gerund一.Structure：doing Negative：not doing二.时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语第48页/共98页三.在句中承担的成分:1.作主语2.作宾语3.作定语4.作表语第49页/共98页Collecting information is very important
40、to business.1.作主语:Seeing is believing.e.g.-What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B.Lost C.Because of losing D.LosingKey:_DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy第50页/共98页对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。Crying over the spilt milk is no use.It is no use cr
41、ying over the spilt milk.类似的还有：It is no good doing sth.It is no use doing sth.第51页/共98页I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语:Vt.Prep.+doing第52页/共98页下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excus
42、e,escape,consider,cant help,等。如:1）你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?Would you mind my smoking here?2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴.The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3）Good news keeps coming.第53页/共98页 下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作宾语,尤其注意介词toe.g.insist on,prevent from,depend on,feel like,be fond of,succeed
43、 in,be proud of,excuse for,apologize for,look forward to,object to,be used to,be opposed to,etc.Prep.后通常用ing形式作宾语.ve.g.The boy stood still without _(dare)to raise his head because of _(break)a vase.daringhaving broken第54页/共98页to do 和doing 的区别:remember to do remember doingforget to do forget doingsto
44、p to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing第55页/共98页注意:动词如：permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法:V +sb to do sth&V+doing sthe.g.：The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to you fir
45、stYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.第56页/共98页advisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g.：The little boy admitted having broken the glass.They shouldnt allow parkin
46、g in the street;its too narrow.I forbid smoking in my houseWe do not permit smoking in the office第57页/共98页3.作表语My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.His job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.动名词现在分词第58页/共98页4.作定语:a walking stickA swimming poolA sleeping
47、 car区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态第59页/共98页Gerund的逻辑主语:Tom insisted on coming to the party.Tom insisted on my coming to the party.我几乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋.I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.第60页/共98页动名词表示被动意义:在动词
48、或词组need,want,require,be worth,deserve,etc.后的动名词表示被动意义:Your composition needs improving.Your composition needs to be improved.The book is worth reading a second time.The book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.第61页/共98页第62页/共98页非谓语动词非谓语动词 语法讲解语法讲解Wuxun High School第63页/共98页非谓语动词的类型:Infin
49、itive 不定式Gerund 动名词Participle 分词-ing 分词-ed 分词第64页/共98页 -ing分词(以make为例)-ed 分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX第65页/共98页分词在句中承担的成分:由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语.成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词过去分词第66页/共98页1.作定语-the sun wh
50、ich is rising-ing分词和-ed分词修饰名词有前置位&后置位.1.the rising sun 2.He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.3.The problem bothering us is the lack of money.4.These are goods imported from Japan.前置位:后置位v-The problem(which is)bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference betwee