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1、Its very silly of you to make such a mistake.Its creative of you to think of the idea.Its impossible for you to finish the task today.Its not easy for you to be a top student in such a short time.It is+adj+of sb.+to do sth.-形容人本身的特点形容人本身的特点,介词用介词用of.It is+adj+for sb.+to do sth.-形容形容to do sth这个动作的特点这
2、个动作的特点,介词用介词用for.Combine the two sentences into one:Simon is kind.Simon helps his teachers a lot.It is kind of Simon to help his teachers a lot.Simon is so kind that he helps his teachers a lot.Simon is kind enough to help his teachers a lot.Subject(主语主语)+be+adj.+enough+to do sth.可与可与sothat句型以及句型以及
3、It is+adj+of sb.+to do sth.句型进行替换。句型进行替换。Subject(主语主语)Object(宾语宾语)Predicate(谓语谓语)Predicative(表语表语)Attributive(定语定语)Adverbial(状语状语)Predictive:The policeman is tall and strong.The dish smells nice.All of them are doctors.Predictive is an adjective,noun or a prep.phrase which comes after the link verb.
4、由由名词、形容词或介词短语来充当。名词、形容词或介词短语来充当。通常出现在连系动词之后。通常出现在连系动词之后。It tastes like a strawberry.the state of the subjectObject:Some boys like football very much.He passed me a glass of milk just now.Indirect object(间宾间宾)Direct object(直宾直宾)sb.:Who sth.:WhatWhat or who is affected by the verbDirect object:由名词短语或代
5、词充当，表示受由名词短语或代词充当，表示受该动作直接影响的对象。（可以为人或物）该动作直接影响的对象。（可以为人或物）Indirect object:表示该动作是为谁做的或对表示该动作是为谁做的或对谁做的。（通常为人）谁做的。（通常为人）Compare the following sentences:The girl is in the car.The girl in the car is the doctors daughter.Where is the girl?Which girl is the doctors daughter?(Predicative)(Attributive)Mil
6、lie was tired.Playing basketball made Millie tired.Predicative(表语表语)Object complement(宾语补足语宾语补足语)David is the best chairperson.They consider David the best chairperson.PredicativeObject complement The painting is beautiful.I find the painting beautiful.PredicativeObject complementAn object complemen
7、t is an adjective or a noun phrase that relates to and describes the object of a sentence.宾语补足语通常由形容词或名词短宾语补足语通常由形容词或名词短语充当语充当,它和句子的宾语相关并用它和句子的宾语相关并用来修饰宾语来修饰宾语,补充说明宾语的特点补充说明宾语的特点.The following verbs are common in this pattern:believe,call,find,keep,like,make,prefer,prove,think,want,etc.Different par
8、ts of a sentence:Subject:主语主语Predicate:谓语谓语Predicative:表语表语Direct object:直接宾语直接宾语Indirect object:间接宾语间接宾语Attributive:定语定语Adverbial:状语状语Object complement:宾语补足语宾语补足语Read the following sentences:1.Millie is sleeping.2.Millie is reading a book.3.Millie is kind.4.Millie gave Amy a book.5.Millie calls her
9、 dog Eddie.S(Subject)V(Verb)S+VS(Subject)V(Verb)DO(Direct object)S+V+DOS(Subject)V(Verb)P(Predicative)S+V+PS(Subject)V(Verb)IO(Indirect object)DOS+V+IO+DOSVDOOC(Object complement)S+V+DO+OCMary would rather do some shopping than do some washing.Kitty would rather do some cooking than cleaning.would r
10、ather do A than do BWe can omit the same part after“would rather”and“than”.We can use would rather without than when we just want to say what we would like to do.would rather do sthe.g.I would rather stay at home.They would rather use colours like orange and yellow.Shed rather go to the cinema this
11、weekend.prefer A to Bprefer doing A to doing BMary prefers Chinese food to Western food.Mary prefers a kind teacher to a strict one.Mary prefers swimming to running.If you only want to talk about the thing you would like to do,you can just use prefer to do sthe.g.I prefer to study at night.People li
12、ving in cold climates prefer to use warm colours in their homes to create a warm and comfortable feeling there.would ratherthanId rather go shopping than stay at home.Hed rather have a red T-shirt than a black one.Joy would rather wear her hair in a ponytail than bunches.They would rather not talk a
13、bout it.My mother prefers cakes to bread.Eddie prefers eating and sleeping to walking and running.Which do you prefer,country life or city life?Helen preferred not to use white in her bedroom.prefertowould rather do A than do Bwould rather do sth.would rather not do sth.prefer A to Bprefer doing A t
14、o doing Bprefer to do sth.prefer not to do sth.body/onethingwheresomeanynosomebodysomething somewhereanybodyanythinganywherenobodynothingnowhereused in positive sentencesused in negative sentences or questionssomeoneanyoneno onenobody/no one:no person(单数单数)none:no person or thing(单数或复单数或复数数)No one a
15、sked for help during the trail.Nobody is on the phone now.None of them will go to Shanghai.None of us have/has been abroad.He did none of his task.Nobody/no one 用以指人。用以指人。none可指人也可指物。可指人也可指物。none of+C.N./U.N.表示单数表示单数或复数概念或复数概念.nothing:表示没有什么东西表示没有什么东西,只能指物只能指物,不能不能指人指人,没有任何限制没有任何限制.none:代词代词,表示没有人或没
16、有东西表示没有人或没有东西,在句中在句中作主语或宾语作主语或宾语,它在一定范围内代替上下文已它在一定范围内代替上下文已出现过的名词出现过的名词.作主语时作主语时,谓语动词既可用单谓语动词既可用单数数,也可用复数也可用复数,可用可用none of 的形式的形式e.g.None of us likes/like the boring film.-Whats in the bag?-Nothing.-How many books have you bought?-None.nothing/noneTo-infinitives can be used as different parts of a s
17、entence:1.Subject(作主语作主语):e.g.It is good to hand in homework on time.=To hand in homework on time is good.It is necessary to plant trees every year.2.Predicative(作表语作表语):e.g.My dream is to be a great football player.My purpose is to help you solve your problems.3.Object(作宾语作宾语):e.g.I hope to hear fr
18、om you.The boy promises not to be late for school again.4.Object complement(作宾补作宾补):e.g.My parents always ask me to do a lot of exercises after finishing homework.The boss let workers work for 14 hours without any rest.5.Attributive(作定语作定语):e.g.Daniel is always the first to arrive.Have you got anyth
19、ing to tell me?6.Adverbial(作状语作状语):(1)To express purpose(作目的状语作目的状语)e.g.He stayed there to see what would happen.She ran fast to catch the first bus.(2)To express result(作结果状语作结果状语)e.g.Linda came back home to find her house on fire.The little girl has grown up to be a beautiful girl.Sometimes,the to
20、 in the infinitive can be dropped:1.in some structures:e.g.make/let/have sb do sth see/hear/notice sb do(doing)sth help sb(to)do sthe.g.Jim Carreys films always make me laugh.Someone saw him walk into that building at about three this afternoon.This can help us(to)relax and make our lives more inter
21、esting.Can you rewrite the sentences?Simon wants to know what he can do.Mille forgets when she will meet her friends.Paul wonders how he will solve the problem.Simon wants to know what to do.Millie forgets when to meet her friends.Paul wonders how to solve the problem.NJ Zero Distance is on from 18.
22、50 to 19.50.You can watch the TV movies for nearly one and a half hours,from 22.05 to 23.30.The action lasts for a period of time.There is no pause or interruption.I will be at school this afternoon.You can come to see me between 13.00 and 14.00.Ms.Taos talking programme on the radio is from 8.30 to
23、 9.30.You can call her between 8.30 and 9.30.This phrase is used to talk about a dot of time during the period.when,before,after,as soon as Main clause Adverbial clauseSome of the most famous stars will be interviewed before the awards start.You will realize how much danger these tigers faceafter yo
24、u watch this programme.simple future tensesimple present tenseHe will write to meas soon as he arrives in London.Main clause Adverbial clauseI was watching TVwhen the telephone rang.My father is writing a letterwhen I go home today.present/past continuous tensesimple present/past tense注意注意:此时的此时的whe
25、n表示当动作甲表示当动作甲(通常是一通常是一个较长的延续性动作个较长的延续性动作)正在发生时正在发生时,动作乙动作乙(通常是一个较短的动作通常是一个较短的动作)突然发生突然发生.1.Two actions(A and B)were in the past.2.Action A happened before Action B.Audrey had put all her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry.Audrey had been a model before she became a Holl
26、ywood superstar.Audrey had won an Oscar for Best Actress already when she won the Tony Award.earlier action later action later action earlier action earlier action later action 一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词过去完成时常用于过去完成时常用于:1.时间状语时间状语:by the end of last term/last year/last month two days before,e.
27、g.He went to the nearest shop.The shop had been open two days before.2.状语从句状语从句:because,when,(by the time+句子句子),after,beforee.g.I(had)lived in Shanghai before I moved/before moving to Nanjing.I called you after I had done/I did my homework.My bike had been lost for a week when I knew it.She had had
28、the dinner when I met her.3.宾语从句宾语从句/定语从句定语从句:直接引语改间接引语时要注意直接引语改间接引语时要注意 时态时态,人称人称,和和时间状语时间状语的变化的变化.直接引语是直接引语是陈述句陈述句,改为间接引语用改为间接引语用 (that)+宾语从句宾语从句,从句仍是陈述句从句仍是陈述句.直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句,改为间接引语用改为间接引语用whether/if+宾语从句宾语从句,从句仍用陈述句语序从句仍用陈述句语序.直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句,改为间接引语用改为间接引语用 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+宾语从句宾语从句,从句仍用陈述句
29、语序从句仍用陈述句语序.直接引语是直接引语是祈使句祈使句,改为间接引语用改为间接引语用 ask/tell sb(not)to do sth的结构的结构.How to change the tense?Direct speech Reported speech simple present tensepresent continuous tensesimple future tensepresent perfect tensesimple past tensesimple past tensepast continuous tensepast future tensepast perfect t
30、ensepast perfect tenseHow to change the adverbials of time?Direct speechReported speechnowtodaytonightthis morning/weektomorrowyesterdaylast monththenthat nightthat morning/weekthe next/following daythe day beforethe month beforethat dayMore adverbs:Direct speech Reported speech two days agotwo days
31、 beforethe week before/the previous weeka year before/the previous yeara year agolast weeknext week the next /following weekagobeforeheretheren n直接引语是直接引语是直接引语是直接引语是客观真理或事实客观真理或事实客观真理或事实客观真理或事实,变为间接引变为间接引变为间接引变为间接引语时态不需要改变语时态不需要改变语时态不需要改变语时态不需要改变.e.g.The geography teacher said to us,e.g.The geograph
32、y teacher said to us,“The earth“The earth turns turns around the sun.”around the sun.”The geography teacher told us The geography teacher told us(that)the earth(that)the earth turnsturns around the sun.around the sun.My father said to me,“Days My father said to me,“Days get get longer in summer and
33、longer in summer and getget shorter in shorter in winter.”winter.”My father told me(that)days My father told me(that)days getget longer in summer and longer in summer and getget shorter in shorter in winter.winter.n n主句中的主句中的主句中的主句中的引述动词为一般现在时引述动词为一般现在时引述动词为一般现在时引述动词为一般现在时，变为，变为，变为，变为间接引语时态不需要改变，时间状
34、语也间接引语时态不需要改变，时间状语也间接引语时态不需要改变，时间状语也间接引语时态不需要改变，时间状语也不做变化。不做变化。不做变化。不做变化。e.g.Millie e.g.Millie sayssays,“I,“I leftleft a book at a book at home home yesterdayyesterday.”.”Millie Millie sayssays(that)she (that)she leftleft a book at a book at home home yesterdayyesterday.Millie Millie says says to Am
35、y,“I to Amy,“I will callwill call you you when I when I finishfinish my homework.”my homework.”Millie Millie tellstells Amy(that)she Amy(that)she will callwill call Amy Amy when she when she finishesfinishes her homework.her homework.Millie Millie sayssays,“I,“I havehave the information the informat
36、ion about the murder.”about the murder.”Millie Millie sayssays(that)she (that)she hashas the the information about the murder.information about the murder.caninformalused with friendscouldformalused with teachers or adultsmayformal and politeused with strangers or people you respectmightvery formalv
37、ery polite but rarely usedsummaryI ask if/whether Audrey Hepburnwon an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.Object clauses introduced by if/whether to express a yes/no questionDid Audrey Hepburn win an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress?以以if/whether引导的宾语从句，用来表示引导的宾语从句，用来表示“是是否否”的概念，从句中必须使用陈述句的语序，的概念，从句中
38、必须使用陈述句的语序，if/whether不能省略。不能省略。summary 本课所学的宾语从句是由本课所学的宾语从句是由 that,if/whether引导的，其中当从句表示的是陈述句时引导的，其中当从句表示的是陈述句时（肯定或否定）用（肯定或否定）用 that引导，引导，that无意义无意义可省略可省略.如果从句表达的是如果从句表达的是yes/no的句型，用的句型，用 if/whether引导表示引导表示 是否是否,if/whether不能省略不能省略.宾语从句的语序一定要用宾语从句的语序一定要用陈述句（主谓）的语序陈述句（主谓）的语序.宾语从句的主句如果是现在时，从句的时态不受宾语从句的
39、主句如果是现在时，从句的时态不受限制，但如果是限制，但如果是过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态（真理除外）态（真理除外）.宾语从句小结：宾语从句小结：1）作用：句子用作宾语称为宾语从句。）作用：句子用作宾语称为宾语从句。2）连接词：宾语从句可由）连接词：宾语从句可由 that,if/whether 或或 wh-words 引导引导.3）语序：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。）语序：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。4）时态：在宾语从句中若主句的谓语动词）时态：在宾语从句中若主句的谓语动词是现在时是现在时,从句的时态不受限制从句的时态不受限制;若主句若主句的谓语动词是过去时的谓语动词是
40、过去时,从句要用过去时的从句要用过去时的相应时态（自然现象，客观真理除外）。相应时态（自然现象，客观真理除外）。Object clauses introduced by“wh-”wordsMs.Wang asked,“Which places have you visited yet?”Ms.Wang asked which places I had visited already.IWe use as a result to introduce the resultof something.注意：原因注意：原因.As a result,结果结果.or:结果结果 as a result of
41、原因原因.e.g.It rained heavily last night.As a result,the ground was all wet.The ground was all wet as a result of the heavy rain last night.You need to finish/dont need to finish the composition before you leave school today.Do I need to finish the composition before I leave school today?Yes,you do.No,
42、you dont.You neednt finish your composition before you leave school today.Need I finish my composition before I leave school today?Yes,you need.No,you neednt.need作情态动词的用法一般作情态动词的用法一般不在肯定句中使用。即肯定句不在肯定句中使用。即肯定句中一般使用中一般使用need to do sth而不用而不用need do sth。so that&sothatHe got up early this morning so that
43、 he could catch the first bus.He got up so early this morning that he caught the first bus.We use“so that”to talk about the purpose of doing something.We use“so that”to talk about the result of doing something.that,which,who都可以用都可以用来引导一个定语从句来引导一个定语从句,它们被它们被称为称为关系代词关系代词.that可以用来修饰可以用来修饰人或物人或物;which只能修饰只能修饰物物;who只能只能修饰修饰人人.