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1、Topic sentence 特点1)The topic sentence must be a complete sentence.2)The topic sentence should always contain both a topic and a controlling idea.The Topic Sentence=Topic+Controlling Idea3)The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.第1页/共23页One single IdeaAn effective topic sent
2、ence covers only one single idea.In English a paragraph is supposed to elaborate on only one aspect of the subject.A topic sentence dealing with two or more points is weak.Look at the following example:Finding the right job is important and can lead to rewarding experiences.Finding the right job can
3、 lead to an improved sense of self-esteem.第2页/共23页One Controlling IdeaAn effective topic sentence is a focused one with a controlling idea,limited enough to be supported in one paragraph.A too general statement leads to vague generalities,carrying little substantial information.A too specific one le
4、aves little room for further development.Look at the examples:Throughout history people have tried to define intelligence.American food is terrible because Americans use too many prepackaged foods and everything is fried in oil or butter.第3页/共23页One Controlling IdeaA topic sentence should be properl
5、y limited to guide and develop the argument,but at the same time be general enough to leave room for elaboration,persuasion or argument in the body of the paragraph.The following sentence is a good example.The most amazing present I received for Christmas in 2008 was in fact not a present,but the fa
6、ct that my family was together for the first time in seven years.第4页/共23页Examples1)The importance of reading widely.Reading widely is very important in improving ones reading comprehension.2)Fire accidents in big cities.Recently years have witnessed a marked growth of fire accidents in big cities in
7、 our country.3)To make all the decisions for children.Parents in China tend to make all the decisions for their children.第5页/共23页ExamplesThe topic tells the reader what the paragraph is about.The controlling idea is a key word or phrase that expresses the basic point of a paragraph.Note:a controllin
8、g idea commits the paragraph to a specific aspect of the topic.e.g.1)Convenience foods are easy to prepare.2)Alcoholic beverages should be banned from college campuses for two reasons.3)There are quite a few unusual superstitions in China about marriage.第6页/共23页Practice:Identify the topic and contro
9、lling idea Peoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingab
10、icyclegivespleasure.第7页/共23页Practice:Identify the topic and controlling idea ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichig
11、anhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.第8页/共23页How to write a good topic sentence?Atopicsentencemustincludeyourtopicandanopinionoryourcontrollingidea.Generallyspeaking,topicsentencesare:Short Short Simpl
12、eSimple ClearClear Give a strong ideaGive a strong ideaOftenusephrasessuchas:第9页/共23页常用句型1.Oneofthemainreasonsfor2.Oneofthemajorfactorsinis.3.Generallyspeaking,4.Oneofthestrongestargumentsagainst/infavourofis5.Oneofthemainadvantages/disadvantagesofis第10页/共23页Practice:1.Unlikeonesmothertonguewhichish
13、eardandpracticedalmostatanytime,aforeignlanguageisonlylearnedandtaughtinclass.Thetimearrangementisusallyabout2to4periodsaweek,whichisobviouslynotenoughforfluencyandproficiency.Ideally,anextratwoormorehoursareneededifyoureallywanttoseeimprovement.Youneedtoreadmore,listenmore,speakmoretomakesomeprogre
14、sseveryday.第11页/共23页Practice:TheSecretofSuccessItgoeswithoutsayingthatthereisnoshortcutononeswaytosuccess.Theimportantthinginlife.Livingwithoutagoalislikesailingwithoutacompass.Thisisespeciallytrueofsomeuniversitystudents.Wheninhighschool,theirgoalwassimpleandclear-topassthecollegeentranceexamandent
15、eranidealuniversity.Now,however,someofthemseemtohavelostthemselvesoncampus.Lackofpurposeisthecauseofmostofourfailures.第12页/共23页Practice:3OneofthestrongestargumentsinfavourofisthatResearchshowsthatthereisanincreasingnumberofoverweightchildreninthedevelopedworldandthatthereisalinkbetweentheamountoftim
16、espentinfrontofscreensandbeingoverweight.Ifchildrenwerenotallowedtobeonscreens,theywouldfindotherwaystoentertainthemselves,andthiswouldincludeplayinggamesandsports.Researchalsoshowsthatactivechildrengrowintoactiveadultssorestrictingscreentimeforchildrenwouldhavealifelongimpactonthepeopleconcerned.第1
17、3页/共23页How to write a good topic sentence?2Anothertricktowritingagoodtopicsentenceistousenumbers.ForExample:Thereareseveral/afewreasonswhy.Therearemanystepsleadingtosuccess.Severalfactorsmaycontributeto.Thereareseveralwaystoimproveonesconfidence.Thereisanewmethodtoreducethecost.Twocausesmayexplainwh
18、y.forthreereasons.第14页/共23页Practice 1There are several reasons why.First,English is a foreign language.They have little chance of contacting the language other than in an English class.Second,English cannot always match Chinese word for word,so they feel really puzzled and depressed when they try to
19、 speak or write it.Last but not least is that few students can find a chance to communicate with a native speaker though they are told that English is very important.第15页/共23页Practice 2.Thefirstandforemostshouldbethedevelopmentofeconomy.Abetterandaffluentlifewouldinvitealongingforastable,peacefuland
20、harmoniouslife,thusrulesandregulationsareneccesarytoteachpeoplewhatshoulddoandwhatshouldnotdo.Hencecamemoralityandthemakingoflawtoencourageacceptablebehaviorandconductsandpunishthosewhowoulddaretoviolatemoralityandbreakthelaw.第16页/共23页How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 3Topicsentencefornegativeeffec
21、ts,results,problems,consequences,influences,impacts,implications,drawbacks,shortcomings,disadvantages.1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthatsuch(topic)willbringabout(entail,cause,produce,resultin,generate)dreadful(serious,undesirable,severe,unhealthy,bad,harmful,malign不良的)consequences.2)(Topic)willcause(produce,
22、bringbaout,generate)anegative(profound,harmful,malign,undesirable)influence/effecton.第17页/共23页How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 33)(Topic)mayarouse(cause,produce,bringabout,generate)panic(fear/terror/worry)amongpeople;(doubtabout.;arise/declinein.;concernover/about.)4.Undoubtedly,(topic)threatensto
23、domoreharmthangoodtooursociety.5.Thedsiadvantagesof(topic)surelyoutweighstheadvantages.第18页/共23页How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 4Topicsentencefor positiveresults(benefits,changes,gains,influences,effects,impacts,profits.1.Anyonewithacommonsensecanseethat(topic)mayleadtopsoitiveresults.2.(Topic),i
24、fwellutilized(ifproperlyused;iftakenintoproperconsideration),willsurelycreatedesirable(ideal,favorable,positive,beneficial,advantageous,unimaginable,unexpected,constructive.)benefits.第19页/共23页3.Theadvantages(benefits)of(topic)areobvious.4.Thegainsin(topic)arenumerous.5.Therearethreeapproachestothisproblem.6.Thekeytodealingwiththedifficultsituationisto.7.Asoneofthemostrewardingexperiences,(topic)hasbroughtalotofbenefitstomylife.8.Theimportanceof(topic)isnowdrawingmoreofourconcernthaneverbefore.How to Write a Good Topic Sentence 4第20页/共23页Practice 第21页/共23页Homework第22页/共23页感谢您的观看！第23页/共23页