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1、形容词和副词形容词和副词考 点 分 析1、形容词和副词的基本用法;2、形容词和副词的位置;3、形容词和副词的级别;4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。形容词的基本用法1、形容词的词义、形容词的词义问题问题问题问题1 1:-Imvery_withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.-Mm,itdoeshavea_smell.(2002北京)A.pleasant,pleasedB.pleased,pleasedC.pleasant,pleasantD.pleased,pleasantD D高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密高考中关于形容词的
2、词义的题考得不少,复习时需密高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少,复习时需密切关注。该句中切关注。该句中切关注。该句中切关注。该句中 pleasedpleased表示表示表示表示“感到满意(高兴)的感到满意(高兴)的感到满意(高兴)的感到满意(高兴)的”;pleasantpleasant表示表示表示表示“令人满意(高兴)的令人满意(高兴)的令人满意(高兴)的令人满意(高兴)的”。根据句意不。根据句意不。根据句意不。根据句意不难发现答案为难发现答案为难发现答案为难发现答案为D D。问题问题问题问题2 2:Theircheerfulvoiceshowed
3、thattheywerehavinga_discussion.(1997上海)A.noisyB.seriousC.completeD.friendly问题问题问题问题3 3:Ifitisquite_toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.(05天津卷)A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortableD D该句中该句中该句中该句中 cheerfulcheerful是重要的提示词,意为是重要的提示词,意为是重要的提示词,意为是重要的提示词,意为“欢快的欢快的欢快的欢快的”。noisy;seriousnoisy;serious以及以及以及以及 comp
4、letecomplete显然都与题义无关。是形显然都与题义无关。是形显然都与题义无关。是形显然都与题义无关。是形容词,意为容词,意为容词,意为容词,意为“友好的友好的友好的友好的”,只有它符合题义。,只有它符合题义。,只有它符合题义。,只有它符合题义。Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.该句型意为:该句型意为:该句型意为:该句型意为:“某人某人某人某人方便(适合)做某事方便(适合)做某事方便(适合)做某事方便(适合)做某事”;一般不说;一般不说;一般不说;一般不说“sb.isconvenientsb.isconveni
5、enttodosth.”todosth.”其它三个词显然不符合句义。其它三个词显然不符合句义。其它三个词显然不符合句义。其它三个词显然不符合句义。A A2、后置定语问题、后置定语问题问题问题问题问题4 4:Allthepeople_atthepartywerehissupporters.(02北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important解析:解析:解析:解析:形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置
6、:是下列情况要后置:是下列情况要后置:是下列情况要后置:proper(proper(本身本身本身本身),present(),present(在场的,出席的在场的,出席的在场的,出席的在场的,出席的),involved),involved(有关的有关的有关的有关的),concerned(),concerned(相关的相关的相关的相关的),left(),left(剩下的剩下的剩下的剩下的),objecting),objecting(反对的反对的反对的反对的),mentioned(),mentioned(提及的提及的提及的提及的),selected(),selected(当选的当选的当选的当选的)等
7、。等。等。等。如如如如thestudentspresent(thestudentspresent(出席的学生出席的学生出席的学生出席的学生)thecostinvolved(thecostinvolved(所需费用所需费用所需费用所需费用)A Af.下列情况也要后置:a.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置如:somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginterestingb.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时,要后置。如:Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.c.不定式短语,动名词短语,分词短语,介词短语做定语要后置。
8、如:Doyoustillremembertheafternooninthefirstyearatcollegewhentheprofessorgaveusachemistrylesson?d.以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置如:alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake如:Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.巩固练习:巩固练习:1.IcantgetagoodpictureonmyTVset.Theremustbesomething_withit.A.badB.matterC.thematterD.thewrong2._totakethisa
9、dventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.EnoughbravestudentsC.Studentsbraveenough D.Studentsenoughbrave3.Thereis_toholdthewater.A.nothingbigenoughB.nothingenoughbigC.bigenoughnothingD.enoughbignothingC CC CA A3、以、以-ly结尾的形容词结尾的形容词问题问题5:Whathesaidsounds_.(1993上海)A.nic
10、elyB.pleasantly C.friendlyD.wonderfully解析:解析:解析:解析:1 1)大部分形容词加大部分形容词加大部分形容词加大部分形容词加-ly-ly可构成副词。但可构成副词。但可构成副词。但可构成副词。但 friendlyfriendly,deadlydeadly,lovelylovely,lonelylonely,likelylikely,livelylively,uglyugly,brotherlybrotherly,manly,timely,worldly(manly,timely,worldly(老于世故的老于世故的老于世故的老于世故的)仍为形容词。仍为形
11、容词。仍为形容词。仍为形容词。改错:改错:改错:改错:(错)错)错)错)Shesanglovely.Shesanglovely.(对)(对)(对)(对)Hersingingwaslovely.Hersingingwaslovely.(错)(错)(错)(错)Hespoketomeveryfriendly.Hespoketomeveryfriendly.(对)(对)(对)(对)Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.22)有些以)有些以)有些以)有些以-ly-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。结尾既为形容词,也为副词。结尾
12、既为形容词,也为副词。结尾既为形容词,也为副词。dailydaily,weeklyweekly,monthlymonthly,yearlyyearly,earlyearly TheTimesisadailypaper.Itispublisheddaily.TheTimesisadailypaper.Itispublisheddaily.C C多个形容词修饰名词的顺序问题问题问题问题1 1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasacar.(04辽宁)AlargeGermanwhite BlargewhiteGermanCwhitelargeGerman DGerm
13、anlargewhite多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词限定词限定词限定词-数词数词数词数词-描绘词描绘词描绘词描绘词-(-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,大小,长短,形状,新旧,大小,长短,形状,新旧,大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色颜色颜色颜色)-)-出处出处出处出处-材料性质,类别材料性质,类别材料性质,类别材料性质,类别-名词名词名词名词根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小根据这个公式,就不难排列出:大小+颜色颜色颜色颜色+出处,出处,
14、出处,出处,故选择故选择故选择故选择B B。B B问题问题问题问题2:2:This_girlisLindscousin.(05北京卷)A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish问题问题问题问题3 3:Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChinese D.Chinesestoneold由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧
15、,颜色)-性质-名词”的公式可知,描绘词+大小+出处的顺序,最符合答案。根据排列顺序:大小、形状大小、形状+年龄年龄+颜色颜色+来源来源+质地质地+用途用途+名词名词可选择AA AA A常见形容词的比较1).worth-worthy-worthwhile2)alike-like-likely3)dead-deadly-deathly4)historic-historical5)live-lively-alive-living6)possible-probable-likely7)valueless-priceless8)respectable(可敬的、高尚的)-respectful(表示敬意的
16、)Arespectablemanisrespectfultoothers.9)healthy(健康的)-healthful(有益于健康的)Theairatseasideishealthfultous.Soallofusarehealthy.巩固练习:巩固练习:1.TheWorldCupinFrancewasthebiggest_footballmatchintheworld.A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.living2.Anyonewhohasspenttimewithchildrenknowsthedifferenceinthewayboysandgirlsrespond(反
17、应)tothe_situation.A.likelyB.sameC.alikeD.similar3.Its_torainbutnot_beforeevening.A.possibleprobableB.probablepossibleC.possiblyprobablyD.probablypossiblyB BD DA A副词的基本用法问题问题问题问题1 1:_,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.(04上海春季)A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.Strange
18、enoughD.Enoughstrange问题问题问题问题2 2:Canyoubelievethatin_arichcountrythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople?(1995N)A.such,suchB.such,so C.so,soD.so,suchA AB B副词enough要放在形容词和副词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。A:基本句型:such+(a)+adj.+n.;so+adj.+a+n.B:such后可加各种名词,而so后面只能加单数名词;C:so可加many,much,few,little等,而such不能。问题问题问题问题3 3:Wedont
19、careifahuntingdogsmells_,butwereallydontwanthimtosmell_.(1995上海)A.well,well B.bad,badC.well,badly D.badly,bad问题问题问题问题4 4:Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(03全国卷)AmuchtooheavyBtoomuchheavyCheavytoomuchDtooheavymuchC CA Asmell有双重词性,作“闻起来”解是系动词,后接形容词作表语;作“嗅”解是形为动词,后接副词。该题的干扰项是B,
20、“smellsbad”表示闻起来很臭,不可能同时放入两个空格。muchtoo是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词;toomuch是名词或形容词,可单独使用或修饰名词。问题问题问题问题5 5:Johnisverylazy.Hefalls_behindinhisstudies.(05(广东卷)A.veryB.farC.moreD.still问题问题问题问题6 6:MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?Ofcourse.Youcanneverbecarefulwiththat.(05江西卷)AenoughBtooCsoDveryB BB B副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一,复习中应
21、予以足够的重视。“farbehind”表示“远远地掉在后面”。“canneverbetoo”是一种固定的表达方式,意为“越就越好”常用副词的比较问题问题问题问题1 1:Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood_tohermother.(2002北京)A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing问题问题问题问题2 2:Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining_.(1996N)A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyA AD Dcl
22、oseto离近,此处close是副词;closely表示“密切地”,与题意无关。表示“雨下得大”可用rainhard;rainheavily等,不用badly或strongly。表示“刮大风”可用strongwind。hardly是否定词,与句意无关。注意下面兼有两种形式的副词注意下面兼有两种形式的副词1)close与与closelyclose意思是“近”;closely意思是“仔细地”Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2)late与与latelylate意思是“晚”;lately意思是“最近”Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyou
23、beendoinglately?3)deep与与deeplydeep意思是“深”,表示时间和空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,深深地Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Heoftenworksdeepintothenight.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4)high与与highlyhigh表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于muchTheplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide与与widelywide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多
24、地方”Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6)free与与freelyfree的意思是免费;freely的意思是无限制地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别1)just-justnow2)rather-fairly3)yet-still-already4)hard-hardly-rarely-scarcely5)sucha+adj.+n.-so+adj.+a
25、+n.6)most-mostly-almost7)especially-specially8)everyday-everyday9)sometime-sometimes-sometime巩固练习:巩固练习:1.Itsalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_ifyoudontspeakthelanguage.A.ExtremelyB.naturallyC.basicallyD.especially2.Wouldyoube_domeafavor?A.kindenoughB.sokindastoC.sokindtoD.kindasto3.Theguidetold
26、usthathewouldorganizesomebusinessmenfromabroadtohaveatour_thenextmonth.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes4.Itis_thathisEnglishis_perfect.A.sureveryB.rightratherC.exactfairlyD.certainquiteD DB BB BD D形容词和副词的级别1、asas结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1:Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_accordingtohimself.(05安徽卷)(B)A.
27、fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas问题问题问题问题2 2:Whatatable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.(05湖北卷)AhalfnotaswideasBwidenotashalfasCnothalfaswideasDaswideasnothalfB BC Castallas“高达”,fivefooteight=fivefeeteightinchesaswideas是比较,所以倍数词应放在前
28、面。说明:说明:1)在否定句或疑问句中可用soas。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2)当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.4)倍数+the+n+of倍数+as+adj.+asThisbridgeisthreetimesa
29、slongasthatone.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.5)数量词+senior/junior+toHeissevenyearsseniortohiswife.Iamthreeyearsjuniortomyeldersister.、morethan结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1:Isyourheadachegetting_?No,itsworse.(05全国卷3)AbetterBbadClessDwell问题问题问题问题2
30、2:Mr.Smithowns_collectionofcoinsthananyoneelseIhaveevermet.(05山东卷)A.largerB.alargerC.thelargerD.alarge问题问题问题问题3 3:Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas_thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.(04福建)AmuchsmallerBmuchmoreCmuchlargerDmanymoreA AB BA A问题问题问题问题4 4:Thedictionarygavemeabetterofferthan_.(19
31、99上海)A.thatofDicksB.DicksC.hegaveDickD.thoseofDick问题问题问题问题5 5:Yourestandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove_?(2000上海)A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar问题问题问题问题6 6:Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucando_thanwait.(2001北京春季)A.moreB.otherC.betterD.anyC CB BB B1)要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthan
32、hisbrother.(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4)程度词abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,ag
33、reatdeal,any,still,even等词可修饰比较级。除外,还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词(除byfar)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。而byfar一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。、ofthetwo结构结构问题问题问题问题1 1:Ofthetwoshirts,Idliketochoose_one.(94上海)A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.mostexpensive问题问题问题问题2 2:Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJoh
34、nwas_choice.(95上海)A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter说明:说明:在ofthetwo结构中,比较级前要加the,但如果不在ofthetwo结构中,要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。比较:Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.A AD D4、the+最高级最高级+比较范围比较范围问题问题问题问题1 1:
35、Davidhaswonthefirstprizeinsinging;heisstillveryexcitednowandfeels_desiretogotobed.(05江苏卷江苏卷)A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast问题问题问题问题2 2:Greenland,_islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.(2000上海上海)A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargestD DD D1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the,副词最高
36、级前可不用。Theshortestboyrunsfastestinthe100-meterrace.形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.注意:注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级,byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostth
37、ebiggest.注意:注意:a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.3)句型转换:Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.4)“否定词语+比较级”,“否定词语+soas”结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Th
38、isistheeasiestthing.5、和、和more有关的词组有关的词组1)themorethemore越就越Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyoullmake.2)moreBthanA与其说A不如说BlessAthanBHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.3)nomorethan与一样(不),不比多TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.nolessthan与一样Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.4)morethan不只是,非常Sheismorethankindtousall.