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1、山山高高水水长长，题题象象万万千千，非非有有老老笔笔，清清壮壮何何穷穷。单 项 填 空 题2010年高考英语专题汇总复习课件年高考英语专题汇总复习课件命题特征解题技巧专题练习命题要点单单 项项 填填 空空 的的 命命 题题 特特 征征知识覆盖面广知识覆盖面广语境地位突出语境地位突出交际性原则明确交际性原则明确试题题干新颖试题题干新颖迷惑性较大迷惑性较大灵活性较高灵活性较高连连词词、代代词词形形容容词词、副副词词 介介词词搭搭配配 惯惯用用短短语语短短语语动动词词情情态态动动词词 动动词词语语态态句句子子结结构构 动动词词时时态态非非谓谓语语动动词词解题技巧：解题技巧：还原法还原法排除思维定势排
2、除思维定势克服汉英差异克服汉英差异注意题干惯性注意题干惯性区分形近义近词区分形近义近词弄清语言环境弄清语言环境一一.还原法还原法 题题干干以以省省略略句句，疑疑问问句句，被被动动句句，倒倒装装句句，强强调调句句或或使使用用从从句句等等形形式式，避避开开考考生生所所熟熟悉悉的的陈陈述述句句结结构构，从从而而达到加大难度。达到加大难度。例如：例如：1.Toallofyou_thehonorforthesuccessAbelongstoBbelongtoCbelongsDbelong 分析：倒装句，还原后为：The honor for the success belongs to all of yo
3、u.c2.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof_ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为Weshouldmakegooduseoftime_ourlessonwell.C3.Whatmadehermothersoangry?_theexam.A.BecauseshedidnotpassB.HernotpassingC.ShedidnotpassD.Becausehernotpassing分析；将题干改写为：分析；将题干改写为：_theexammadehermo
4、thersoangry.B将不熟悉的疑问句，将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。的部分删除。解题决窍解题决窍：二二.排除思排除思维维定定势势利利用用思思维维定定势势的的影影响响来来设设题题，这这是是最最容容易易让让我我们们上上当当的的题题。因因为为我我们们背背记记了了许许多多语语法法规规则则，词词汇汇，词词的的固固定定搭搭配配和和句句子子结结构构等等，做做题题时时只只注注意意这这些些熟熟悉悉的的语语法法规规则则，结结构构和和局局部部固固定定搭搭配配，往往往往
5、在在没没有有完完全全弄弄清清整整个个题题干干意意思思是是就作出了就作出了选择选择，结结果当然出果当然出错错。例如：例如：1.ImsorryIcanthelp_theflooroftheclassroom.A.sweepingB.sweptC.tosweepD.tosweepingC3.Doyouhaveanyideaofthereason_hereferredto？AthatBwhereCwhyDwhenAA4.Whatdothinkoftheplan?Ifeel_thatweoughttogiveitupatonce.A.stronglyB.strongC.strongerD.itstron
6、gA2.MadameCurie，for_lifehadoncebeenveryhard，wassuccessfullaterAwhomBwhichCwhoseDthat正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。维定势的干扰。解题决窍解题决窍：三三.克服汉英差异克服汉英差异 英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用面具有
7、很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，同的动词，如如:takepartinthecelebration,attendameeting,jointhearmy,takeanexam,joinina discussion例如：例如：1.Itsgettinglate.ImafraidImustbegoingnow.-OK._.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.Staylong
8、erD.SeeyouD3.Therewasonceacruelking_inthecastle.A.livedB.wholivesC.waslivingD.livingBD2.ThepopulationofChinais_thanthatofRussia.A.muchmoreB.muchlargerC.manymoreD.manylarger留心英汉表达差异留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读平时要多读多比较多比较多归纳，尽量避免多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。解题决窍解题决窍：四四.注意注意题题干干惯惯性性此此种种类类型型的的题题多多以以对对话话形形式式出出现现，我我们们答答题题往往往往会会借借
9、助助原原题题干干的的动动词词时时态态和和结结构构等等来来判判断断选选项项，结结果造成果造成错选错选。例如：例如：1.Alice.youfeedthebirdtoday,?ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didntyouD.dontyou2.-YouhaventbeentoBeijing,haveyou?-_.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IhaventC.No,IhaveD.No,IhaventBD3.HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorn
10、ingA.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddonec1）补全对话；）补全对话；2）分清角色）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。达。解题决窍解题决窍：五五.区分形近区分形近义义近近词词 把把相相似似、相相近近的的词词语语或或结结构构放放在在一一起起作作为为干干扰扰选选项项，若若我我们们基基础础知知识
11、识掌掌握不牢握不牢就就难难于区分。于区分。例如：例如：2.DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soIthemtowin.A.hopeB.preferC.expectD.wantC1.ThefilmsmadebyDisney_allovertheworld.AareusedtoshowBareusedtoshowingCusedtobeshownDusedtoshow 3.Idliketobuyahousemodern,comfortable,and_inaquietneighborhood.AinallBab
12、oveallCafterallDatallBC1）明确词意）明确词意所选答案要符合句所选答案要符合句子意思；子意思；2）归纳比较）归纳比较平时要特别重视收集平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。同，牢记它们的用法。解题诀窍解题诀窍六六.弄清弄清语语言言环环境境 命命题题人人在在题题干干中中不不明明确确将将语语言言时时间间或或空空间间背背景景标标示示出出来来，而而是是比比较较巧巧妙妙地地隐隐含含在在句句子子中中，稍稍不不注意就会注意就会错选错选。例如：。例如：1.Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?Oh,Imter
13、riblysorry.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticingD.Idontnoticing2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingA3.Mr.White_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrived D.shou
14、ldbearrivingAB1）身临其境，揣摩意图）身临其境，揣摩意图特别是特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；注意揣摩命题者的意图；2）认真分析题干里所隐藏的信认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息息如前后动词的时态以及那些如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。貌似与题目无关的信息。解题诀窍解题诀窍1 1 推敲推敲体会为主体会为主 近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高设置选项，是试题测试信
15、度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。，这有助于提高答题准确率。2运用运用实践为主实践为主 根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也写的技能上多
16、实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果。化语言实践的效果。提高语境选择题解题质量的思考提高语境选择题解题质量的思考3 3 提高提高-精练为主精练为主 单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题中。因而，应避免
17、大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。半功倍的效果。解题的小窍门解题的小窍门从题干的格式上来判断选项从题干的格式上来判断选项1.AB2.如句子为此结构，且选项中的四个选项为连词则可以如句子为此结构，且选项中的四个选项为连词则可以用这个窍门来解题用这个窍门来解题3.第一步：看第一步：看A句的第一个词句的第一个词Y和最后一个词和最后一个词X是什么，是什么，什么词性什么词性4.如如Y=It，则则B句是句
18、是主语主语从句可能性大从句可能性大5.如如X=vt，则，则B句是句是宾语宾语从句可能性大从句可能性大6.如如X=be动词，则动词，则B句是句是表语表语从句可能性大从句可能性大7.如如X=抽象名词抽象名词,则则B句是句是同位语同位语从句可能性大从句可能性大8.如如X=普通名词，则普通名词，则B句是定语从句或状语从句可能性句是定语从句或状语从句可能性大大XY名词名词性从性从句句名词性从句的解题思路名词性从句的解题思路v1.句子是否完整，如完整连词应是：句子是否完整，如完整连词应是：thatWhether/if(是否）是否）2.缺少什么就补什么，缺少什么就补什么，what是首选是首选Iknow_yo
19、uwant.Iknow_youwanttodoit.Iknow_youwanttodoitherenow.3.同位语从句就是同位语从句就是thatwhatwhythat限定性定语从句解题思路限定性定语从句解题思路1.先行词是人先行词是人who,that,whose,whom2.先行词如是人先行词如是人+物，则用物，则用that3.先行词是物先行词是物则用则用which,where,why,when,ofwhich4.如选项中是介词如选项中是介词+连词，先排除错误选项：介连词，先排除错误选项：介词词+that和介词和介词+代词，然后再去思考先行词代词，然后再去思考先行词和哪个介词搭配能放在句子中
20、当状语。和哪个介词搭配能放在句子中当状语。5.注意注意where的模糊性先行词。的模糊性先行词。状语从句的解题思路状语从句的解题思路v1.翻译翻译v2.关注关注asv3.小心小心unlessv4.记住记住whereWhenIgottoNewYork,Ihadtoattendaschoolforstudents_firstlanguagewasnotEnglish.（海）（海）A.who B.whichC.whose D.whereYoulookstupid!Thewayyouwearis_annoysmemost.（西）（西）A.whichB.whereC.howD.whatIneedtoca
21、llmyfriendDavid_coatIwalkedoffbymistakeyesterday.（西）（西）A.inwhoseB.inthatC.withwhichD.withhervTheMekongRiverCommissionhasfoundnoevidencethedamsontheupperreacheshaveaninfluenceonthewaterflowdownstream.（崇）（崇）vA.whichB.thatC.whereD.whatvItisstillunclear_thelittleboygottheCDplayertowork.（朝）（朝）vA.whereB.w
22、hatC.thatD.howvYoushouldexploreyourtalentssoastofindout_yourrealinterestslie.（朝）（朝）vA.whatB.whereC.whichD.how2._A_,_B_设设B句为完整句，句为完整句，A也为句子结构也为句子结构1.A,B句为并列句：连词为句为并列句：连词为and,but,so,for2.A句为祈使句，则句为祈使句，则B句时态为将来时，且句时态为将来时，且B句的句的第一个词为第一个词为and/or反之，反之，B句将来时，且第一词为句将来时，且第一词为and/or,则则A句的句的第一词应为动词原形。第一词应为动词原形
23、。3.A句如能翻译为：正如。，则第一词为句如能翻译为：正如。，则第一词为As4.A句为状语结构时，一定注意主将从现的用法句为状语结构时，一定注意主将从现的用法X3._A_,_B_设设B句为完整句，句为完整句，A是非谓语是非谓语B句中的第一个词句中的第一个词X是解题的关键是解题的关键如如X=物，物，A部分应为：部分应为：tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.如如X=人，人，A部分的动词和其是主动关系，则部分的动词和其是主动关系，则A部分为：部分为：todo,doing,havingdone,如如X=人，人，A部分的动词和其是被动关系，则部分的动词和其是被动
24、关系，则A部分为部分为tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.XvTobedone将要被完成（其实还没有做）将要被完成（其实还没有做）vBeingdone正在被完成（其实还没有完）正在被完成（其实还没有完）vDone已经被完成已经被完成vHavingbeendone已经被完成已经被完成（强调先后，（强调先后，这件事情完成了，另句中的事情才能做。这件事情完成了，另句中的事情才能做。vTodo将要做将要做（其实还没有做）（其实还没有做）vDoing正在做正在做（还没有做完）（还没有做完）vHavingdone已经完成已经完成（强调顺序）（强调顺序）4._A_,
25、_B_设设A句为完整句，句为完整句，B句也为句子结构。句也为句子结构。B句可能为非限定定语从句或状语从句句可能为非限定定语从句或状语从句A句为完整句，句为完整句，B句是非谓语，句是非谓语，A句的第一个词是解题的关键。句的第一个词是解题的关键。如如X=物，物，B部分应为：部分应为：tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.如如X=人，人，B部分的动词和其是主动关系，则部分的动词和其是主动关系，则B部分为：部分为：todo,doing,havingdone,如如X=人，人，B部分的动词和其是被动关系，则部分的动词和其是被动关系，则B部分为部分为tobedone,
26、beingdone,done,havingbeendone.XvDontgiveupregardlessofdifficultyandfailure,_youllneverachieveyourgoals.（海）（海）vA.andB.butC.or D.sov_awrittenpermission,hehadtowriteanotherlettertothepresidentoftheuniversity.（海）（海）vA.NotgivingB.NothavingbeengivenvC.HavingnotgivenvD.HavingnotbeengivenvBalletisamazing;_y
27、ougo,youarelikelytofindyourselfgoingagainandagain.（西）（西）vA.asB.onceC.unless D.whilev_thetwodesigns,andyouwillfindwhatproblemthereiswithyours.（西）（西）vA.ComparingB.ComparedvC.TocompareD.Comparev_threetimesinarow,theboxerdecidedtogiveupfighting.（西）（西）vA.HavingdefeatedB.TohavedefeatedC.Havingbeendefeated
28、D.TohavebeendefeatedPutyourselfinsituationswhereyoureforcedtocommunicateinEnglish,youllseemoreprogressovertime.（崇）（崇）A.untilB.orC.butD.andinfourdifferentcountries,Jessieisatypicalthirdculturekid,thetermofwhichreferstochildrenwhospendaperiodoftimeinoneormorecultures.（崇）（崇）A.BringupB.HavingbroughtupC.
29、BringingupD.Broughtupallhiscourage,heinvitedCelinetogetoffthetrainwithhim.（崇）（崇）A.TogatherB.GatheredC.GatheringD.BeinggatheredBeijingtookstepstolimitthekindsofhigh-riskofborrowingmoneyfromthebanksthatcancreatethehighpriceofhousing,happenedintheUnitedStates.（崇）（崇）A.asB.thatC.howD.whatv_theaddress,Tom
30、senttheemailtohisteacher.（东）（东）vA.HavingcheckedB.CheckedvC.BeingcheckedD.TocheckvIusuallydothewashingupandleavethecookingtomywife,_shesabettercookthanme.（宣）（宣）vA.unlessB.asvC.eventhoughD.incasevLivinginthedesertinvolvesalotofproblems,_watershortageistheworst.（宣）（宣）vA.ofwhichB.whenvC.ofwhoseD.whichHe
31、raisedhisvoice,_westillcouldnthearanything.（朝）（朝）A.soB.orC.butD.asTheymadeagreatefforttopreparetheexhibition,_toachieveabigsuccess.（朝）（朝）A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopeMydogmadeamessinthelivingroom,_reallyannoyedme.（朝）（朝）A.whoB.when C.thatD.which_colorfulchartsandgraphs,heloadedanewsoftwaretohelphim.（
32、朝）（朝）A.CreateB.CreatedC.CreatingD.TocreateHave a tryThe car is already full,so there is no _ for the computer.A.room B.place C.space D.areaLi Lin came _ in the Englishspeaking contest.A.the second B.second C.a second D.seconds We made Tom _ monitor of our class and _ monitor of Class 3 is Mike.A./;a
33、 B.the;the C.the;a D./;theLucy,as well as her friends,_ this book before.A.have read B.has read C.reads D.readEach boy and each girl_reading attentively in the reading room.A.is found B.are found C.is found to D.are found to-Look,this pen is nice and it writes well.-OK,I want to buy _.A.it B.that C.
34、one D.the one 7.This is so difficult a question _ almost no one can answer.A.which B.that C.as D.but 8.Dont be afraid to ask for help _ it is needed.A.but B.though C.since D.when 9.-Can I stay in Beijing for a week?-No,not that long.Just a _ of days.A.number B.dozen C.few D.couple 10.With the man _
35、us,we finished the work on time.A.helping B.to help C.help D.helped 11.In their opinion,this film is _ one than the other two.A.the best B.the better C.a best D.a better 12.-Why didnt you study medicine?-I desired _ into trade,but later I decided to study English.A.going B.to have gone C.to go D.to
36、going阅读理解 题型及技巧题型及技巧一、细节理解题：1、直接事实题：2、间接事实题：先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读略读的手法的手法找出出处。找出出处。需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。简单的概括和判断。细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样vWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?vWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?v
37、Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?vWhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas?vAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor?vHowmany？vWhat/who/when/where/how/why?Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families.They spent thei
38、r childhood in little wooden rooms.They got little education.Washington and Lincoln,for example,never went to school and they taught themselves.Lincoln once did jobs of a worker,shop-keeper and post officer in his early years.A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army.The two best
39、known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D.Eisenhower.Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西点军校)1Q:President Eisenhower became well-known .A.whilestudyinginWestPointM
40、ilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWarC.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarII.Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai
41、TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.2However，it st
42、ill took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing，singing，making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for th
43、e social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationh
44、elpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.Miss Asia of 1991,Born in Shanghai,designed by the Asia TV Station二、主旨判断题：v题干形式：题干形式：v1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?v2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?v3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?v4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?v5)Thebestti
45、tleforthisnewspaperarticleis_.技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句 （topic sentence）范围一般包括：短文标题、主题（Title）；大意或段落大意（Main idea）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Such a person is not really a thief.They are sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as
46、 they grow up they normally learn to control their actions.People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them.With medical help they may become normal citizens again.They things that a kleptomaniac steals are
47、 seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.3vQ:What is the topic of the text?vA.YoungThieves.vB.AnUnusualIllness.vC.ReasonsforStealingvD.ANormalChildsActions.Topic Sentence:Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desi
48、re to steal.Boston-Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings,including major works by Rembrandt,Dagas,Manet and Vermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局)and the museum officials said.The first judgment placed value of at least$100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardene
49、r Museum,said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan William Bobinson,of Hardvard Univercitys Foggel Museum,called the objects stolen“major works.”4vQ:What is the best headline for this newspaper article?vA.ATheftTookPlaceinBostonvB.ArtworksstolenbyThievesvC.MajorWorksvD.InvestigationintothetheftTopic
50、Sentence:Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings You dream each night,even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.Some scientists think that dreaming is important f