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1、Unit1 GrammarPresent perfect tense&present continuous tensepast now Yesterday,we cleaned the classroom.Now,the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.用法用法1强调强调过去发生的动作过去发生的动作对对现在产生的现在产生的结结果或影响果或影响 现在完成时现在完成时1.My father bought many books for me yesterday.Now,I have a lot to read because _2.I sa
2、w this film last week.Now,I know this film because I_.3.I did my homework yesterday.Now,I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.“仍然，还仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。中，放在句末。I havent read this book yet.Have you had breakfast yet?alre
3、ady:Yet:“已经已经”通常用于肯定句中通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。I have already read this book.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Have you eaten up all the food already?“从来不从来不”用在否定句中用在否定句中,放在句中。放在句中。Is he famous?I have never heard of him.evernever“曾经曾经”通常用于疑问句通常用于疑问句和肯定句中和肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。I have ever seen this film.Have you ever
4、 been to the USA?“以前以前”用在完成时中，用在完成时中，放在句末。放在句末。have never read this kind of books before.justbefore“刚刚刚刚”用在陈述句中用在陈述句中,放在句中。放在句中。I have just bought a novel。She began to work in 2005.She still works here now.She has worked at this school for 9 years.now past I began to teach English at this school fiv
5、eyears ago.I have taught English at this school for five years.用法用法2 2：过去发生的动作一直过去发生的动作一直延续延续到现在。到现在。1.I am a doctor.I began to work when I was 22.Now,I am 26.I _ for four years.2.We went to the USA last Monday.Today is Monday.We _ (stay)in the USA since last Monday.have workedhave stayedsince and f
6、orThe woman has worked at this school for 2 years.(since two years ago)since 2 years agosince 1998since she came to the school)for+for+时间段时间段since+since+时间点时间点for 2 years/a long time一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long tim
7、e_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince Exercise根据所给情况，用根据所给情况，用just,already或或yet造句。造句。1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat?You say:No,thank you._(have lunch)2.Joe goes out.Five minutes late
8、r,the phone rings and the caller says Can I speak to Joe?You say:Im afraid _.(go out)he has just gone outIve just had lunch.3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening.The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say:Wait a moment!_ (not/finish)4.You are going to a re
9、staurant this evening.You phone to reserve(预定）预定）a table.Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table?You say:No,_ it (do)I havent finished it yet.I have already done 1.现在完成时用来表示现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成过去发生或已完成的动作或状态的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果对现在造成的影响或结果,也也就是说就是说,动作或状态发生在动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响过去但它的影响现在还存在现在还存在.I
10、 have lost my wallet.(含义是含义是:现在我没有钱花了现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has just had breakfast.(含义是含义是:简现在不饿简现在不饿了了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是含义是:现在仍然很虚弱现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad.(含义是含义是:现在已在现在已在此地此地)2.现在完成时可以用来表示现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态状态,常与表示常与表示持续的时间状语连用持续的时间状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的动词多是
11、表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续延续性动词性动词。I havent seen her these days.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用状语连用,如如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等标志词等标志词He has already got a chance to go abroad.I havent seen much of him recently(lately
12、).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet？4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用连用,如如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等等:Have you ever been to Beijing？I have never heard of Bunny.I have used this pen only three times.George has met that gentleman on sev
13、eral occasions.5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用的时间状语连用,如如now,just,today,this morning/week/month/year,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,up to present,so far等等:Peter has written six poems so far.Man has now learned to make use of natural materials.There has been too much rain in S
14、an Francisco this year.Up to these weeks,everything has been successful.have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了”She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾经去过某地”She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。)非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/
15、begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。引导的疑问句中。如不能说：如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.()但可以说：但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.或：或：It has been 2 months s
16、ince he borrowed the book.或：或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin(start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe outjoin-be a member/be in begin to study-study注明：非延续性动词在否定结
17、构中可用于现在完成时态：注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：I havent bought anything for two days.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时通常使用现在完成进行时的几种情况：1.表过去开始的动作持续到现在并仍在继续中She has been talking to me since she saw me.2.表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联 Sorry,Im late,have you been waiting long?Yes,I have been waiting for an hour.C1.The price _recently,b
18、ut I doubt whether it will remain so.A went down,B will go down C has gone down D was going down2.In the past few years there _ great changes in Da Miao town.A is B were C have been D will be.C I clean the blackboard every day.Ill clean the blackboard in several minutes.Im now cleaning the blackboar
19、d.I cleaned the blackboard several minutes ago.I have cleaned the blackboard for several minutes.I have been cleaning the blackboard for several minutes/since several minutes ago.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 I (1)(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作行的动作,并有可能持续下去并有可能持续下去,强调强调动作的全过程；动作的全过程；表示从过去到
20、现在的重复性动作。表示从过去到现在的重复性动作。(2)(2)注意注意:多用于延续性动词，如多用于延续性动词，如work,live,study,skate,collect 表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作,或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作.1.现在完成时现在完成时:have+过去分词过去分词2.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时:have+been+现在分词现在分词现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 II（1）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结
21、束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。（2）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours,but I havent finished it.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 II（3）
22、有些表示状态、感情、感觉的静态动词，如：have,like,hate,hear,know,sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：Theyve known each other since 1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。（4）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如：Weve been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们经常见面。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的联系现在完成时和现在完成进行时的联系1简略回答都一样Yes,I/we/they have.No,I/we/they havent.Yes,he/she/it has.No,he/she/it hasnt.2时间状语：都可以用for或sinceThey have skated _.They have been skating _.A three hours agoB for three hours agoC since three hours agoD for three hours E since three hours