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1、动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 主语 (subject)宾语 (object)表语 (predicative)定语 (attribute)状语 (adverbial)宾补 (object complement)第1页/共31页不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。第2页/共31页语态语态 时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式 进行式进行式/完成进行式完成进行式 /to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be
2、doneto have been done第3页/共31页不定式的被动语态在句中的作用1.作主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy翻译：被邀请参加会议是一大荣幸。It is a great honor to be invited to attend the meeting.第4页/共31页2.作表语The party is to be held next Sunday evening.翻译：Tony将由Larry的妻子Claire进行
3、测试。Tony is to be tested out by Larrys wife,Claire.第5页/共31页3.作宾语She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.翻译：这位职员不喜欢被她的顾客嘲笑。The clerk didnt like to be laughed at by her customers.第6页/共31页4.作宾补Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.第7页/共31页5.做定语Wha
4、t a sweet victory to be envied by those women!Are you going to the meeting _in the teachers office?(hold)to be held第8页/共31页6.做状语She was too young to be assigned suchwork.He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.第9页/共31页It is a good thing for him to have
5、 beencriticized.The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages.结论：如果不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用不定式的完成式。第10页/共31页不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在there be结构中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)There is no time to lose(to be lost).第11页/共31页2.在“主语+be+性质形容词+to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，imposs
6、ible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，soft,interesting，comfortable,important，expensive，cheap，fit,safe,dangerous等。例如：The question is not easy to answer.John is difficult to deal withAir in the countryside is fresh to breathe.第12页/共31页3.在“tooto do;adj./adv.enoughto”结构中。如：The problem is too difficult to work
7、out The house is big enough to live in.4.在“with+n+to do”结构中。例如：With nothing to do,he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema第13页/共31页5.句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动；反之用被动形式。比较：I have a lot of letters to type I have a lot of letters to be typed.(I will type the letters)(Someone will t
8、ype the letters.)第14页/共31页1.“Do you have any clothes _(wash),Sir?”asked the maid.2.I cant go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash).3.Ill go to New York.Have you anything _(take)to your wife there?to be washedto washto be taken及时练及时练第15页/共31页6.当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。This is the best book to rea
9、d(=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。The house is to let I felt I was to blame.第16页/共31页动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task i
10、s difficult to finish on time.NOTICENOTICE第17页/共31页1.The dishes need _.2.The mail is intended _.Sentence Makingwashsendto be washedto be sent 课堂练兵课堂练兵第18页/共31页3.The singer refused _.4.The house is _.photographsellto be photographed to be sold第19页/共31页5.The wall is expected _.paintto be painted frigh
11、ten6.The bird seems _.to be frightened第20页/共31页1.She hates _ by her classmates.2.Tim refused _ by his father to school.3.She struggled _ by the French visitors.to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanks.accompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at第21页/共31页4.These are the
12、 issues _ tomorrow.5.The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6.She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met.to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test第22页/共31页1.My ambition is _ to the university which has the most excellen
13、t sporting facilities in Beijing.A.to admit B.to be admitted C.to be admitting D.to have been admitted第23页/共31页2.Young as he is,he doesnt like _ as a child.A.to treat B.treating C.to be treated D.to be treating3.The professor and his fellow workers were sent there _ for the space flight.A.train B.to
14、 be training C.to have been trained D.to be trained第24页/共31页4.Lily has been invited to a garden party _ next Saturday evening.A.to be held B.to hold C.to be holding D.to have been held5.Jack is reported _ chairman of the trade union by all members.A.to choose B.to have been chosen C.to be choosing D
15、.to be chosen第25页/共31页6.Is Mary still studying?Im afraid not.She is said _ the classroom already.A.to be left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to have left7.Do let your parents know all the truth.They appear _ everything.A.to have been told B.to tell C.to be telling D.to be told第26页/共31页8.The childr
16、en talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard 9.The message is very important,so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.A.sending B.to send C.being sent D.to be sent第27页/共31页10.We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding第28页/共31页HomeworkTranslate the following sentences.1.据说这次会议已经被取消了。2.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。3.我希望被北京大学录取。4.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。5.今天我有很多的作业要做。第29页/共31页第30页/共31页感谢您的观看！第31页/共31页