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1、Schools of English Teaching MethodologyThe Grammar-Translation MethodThe Direct MethodThe Audio-lingual MethodThe Cognitive ApproachThe Communicative ApproachTask-based Language Teaching第1页/共16页1.BackgroundTask-based language teaching came from the communicative language approach theory.“task”refers
2、 to the practice in the language teaching.Till now,there are still many scholars who mention the“task”and“teaching technique”in the same breath.In the 1970s,the discussion about“language communication is a synthetic processing”made the language teaching syllabus designers put forward the sequent,ind
3、ependent language item.Task-based learning initiators designed the course and tried to develop and approve it.第2页/共16页2.Theoretical Basis The effective language learning is experiential instead of instructional.The learning activity is as important as language content.Task-based teaching enables the
4、 students to experience the learning processing.At least parts of tasks in the teaching method are similar to some tasks in real life.The accuracy of language is one of the dimensions of tasks.The task makes the information-processing model in learners minds become parallel processing model instead
5、of serial processing model.第3页/共16页The process features of tasks and the activity quantity of participators contribute to forming of learners language automaticity.The training of language dynamics ability and group dynamics ability is another obvious feature of task-based learning.The schema expans
6、ion in meaningful learning.The theory considered language not only as a regular sign system,but also as dynamic information resources 第4页/共16页3.Definitions and Components of Tasks(1)Definitions of task The“task”in task-based learning or teaching is not the inside or outside class teaching or learnin
7、g activity,which is general,isolated or united arbitrarily;instead,it is an organic part of the whole system(or course).第5页/共16页(2)Five parts of task designing 1)The task goals 2)The input materials used to constitute the task content 3)Activities designed on the basis of these materials 4)Teacher/S
8、tudent role 5)The settings of carrying out the task第6页/共16页4.Features and Problems Features 1)It puts the task in the central position,but not considers the practicing less meaningful language form as its aim.2)When designing and implementing tasks,the teacher should pay attention to the accomplishm
9、ent of tasks that is to solve the communicative problems.第7页/共16页Advantages 1)In task-based teaching,the teacher designs the teaching activities on the basis of students learning.2)Because the meaningful task activities are close to students life,learning experience and social reality,they can arous
10、e students sympathetic response and stimulate students desire to take an active part in them.3)Working in pairs provides students a great number of practicing opportunities 4)Students are more likely to feel ownership over their language learning,resulting in greater self-confidence and intrinsic mo
11、tivation to learn English.第8页/共16页Problems 1)It takes amount of time to finish a large learning task.2)It is hard to master the difficulty of the task.3)In task-based language teaching,students are accustomed to the group discussion.4)Teachers found it difficult to achieve a balance carrying out com
12、municative tasks and maintaining good behavior.5)The next one is the use of mother tongue by students during tasks.第9页/共16页Strategies 1.The rationale for pair-work,group work,or activities needs to be indicated clearly to students.2.Teachers can be good language models themselves by using the target
13、 language as far as possible.3.The teacher divides students into groups resonabably.第10页/共16页 4.Task-based language teaching makes sure that every student has something to do.5.Task-based language teaching provides the feasible conditions for assessing students from multiple levels,multiple aspects
14、and multiple forms.第11页/共16页5.Task-based Language TeachingDesign Principles and ApplicationDesign principles 1)The authentic language and situation principle 2)The form-function principle 3)The task-dependency and the task-chain principle 4)learning by doing 第12页/共16页Willis task-based language model
15、 Willis put forward five principles for carrying out it 1)offer valuable and authentic language materials 2)apply the language 3)choose the tasks which can arouse students to use language 4)pay attention to certain language form properly 5)sometimes should focus on the language form.第13页/共16页Willis
16、task-based teaching applied to writing course.1)Pre-task 2)Drafting 3)Analyzing and solving problems 第14页/共16页6.Conclusion The modern education puts students in the center and does everything for the development of the students.The strategy of the whole processing of education must be made on the basis of information coming from students “need analysis”and“need assessment”.第15页/共16页感谢您的观看！第16页/共16页