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1、会计学1马克吐温卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙马克吐温卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙4/23/2023Backgroundn nThe Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”was first published in 1865,when Mark Twain was The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”was first published in 1865,when Mark Twain was living in the American Southwest,which was still in th
2、e process of being settled.The Industrial living in the American Southwest,which was still in the process of being settled.The Industrial Revolution had brought machinery and factories to the eastern United States,but most of the country,Revolution had brought machinery and factories to the eastern
3、United States,but most of the country,particularly areas west of the Mississippi River,still relied on the land for economic development.Much particularly areas west of the Mississippi River,still relied on the land for economic development.Much of the land in the West was devoted to cattle,and the
4、U.S.government was involved in battles and of the land in the West was devoted to cattle,and the U.S.government was involved in battles and embroilments with various Native American tribes in order to obtain more land.The Wests growing embroilments with various Native American tribes in order to obt
5、ain more land.The Wests growing population was influenced by both the Homestead Act of 1862,which promised free farms to families,population was influenced by both the Homestead Act of 1862,which promised free farms to families,and by the discovery of gold in California in 1848.As a result of this d
6、iscovery,mining towns and and by the discovery of gold in California in 1848.As a result of this discovery,mining towns and camps,such as Angels Camp where Twain sets“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,”camps,such as Angels Camp where Twain sets“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras
7、County,”were established throughout California and the western United States.were established throughout California and the western United States.第1页/共14页Characters人物介绍人物介绍n nI 叙述者n nan upper class gentleman n n知识阶层的绅士第2页/共14页n nSimon wheeler 西蒙维勒A rough,rude,uneducated miner粗鲁无知的采矿工人 第3页/共14页Jim sm
8、iley 吉姆吉姆斯迈里斯迈里n nA pitiable guy living on bettingn n嗜赌为命的可怜虫第4页/共14页P lo t 情 节情 节n nA friend asked me to visit Simon wheeler,hoping to get some information about a man named Leonidas Simon.But after meeting Simon kept talking about another person named Jim Smiley who was a gambler.He told a long st
9、ory about Jim and his famous frog,which bored me to death,at last I had to escape.And I supposed there was no such a person,its a trick of my friend.第5页/共14页4/23/2023n n发表于发表于18651865年的年的跳蛙跳蛙是马克是马克 吐温的成名作，讲述的是关于美吐温的成名作，讲述的是关于美国西部的一位嗜赌如命者斯迈利的故事。为了和人打赌，他特地国西部的一位嗜赌如命者斯迈利的故事。为了和人打赌，他特地训练了一只跳蛙，逢人便押赌比赛。一天
10、，他遇见了一个陌生人。训练了一只跳蛙，逢人便押赌比赛。一天，他遇见了一个陌生人。像往常一样，斯迈利又执意要打赌比赛。陌生人趁他出去找另一像往常一样，斯迈利又执意要打赌比赛。陌生人趁他出去找另一只比赛用的青蛙时，将射小鸟的铅弹粒灌进了跳蛙的肚子里，结只比赛用的青蛙时，将射小鸟的铅弹粒灌进了跳蛙的肚子里，结果斯迈利输掉了比赛。果斯迈利输掉了比赛。第6页/共14页4/23/2023n n故事通过一位喋喋不休的老人讲出，夹杂着美国西部的俚语和语法，故事在展开过程中，也透露出美国拓荒时代的生活场景。凭借这些，马克吐温成了用“美国味”写作的首席人物。第7页/共14页Writing style写写作风格作风
11、格 n n(1)the use of native language and slangn nfellow-feller wasntwarntn nSos so long as justjestn nShe dont she doesnt n nSmily said smiley saysn n(2)the use of official languagen nI hereonto append the result 正式语言和俚语、俗语强烈对比，突出身份和文化反差，达到幽默的效果第8页/共14页幽默的描写语幽默的描写语言的使用言的使用n nIf there is a horse-race,h
12、ed bet on itn nIf there is a dog-fight,hed bet on itn nIf there is a cat-fight,hed bet on itn nIf there is a chicken-fight,hed bet on itn nIf there was two birds setting on a fence,hed bet you which would fly firstn n Hed bet on anything!第9页/共14页n nShed get well yetn nIll risk two-and-a-half she don
13、tn n你妻子会好起来的/我打赌两块半她不会n nBut always at the fag-end n n（对母马以及斗狗的描写）n nYou never seen a frog so modestn n（对青蛙的描写）第10页/共14页陌生化陌生化（defamiliarization）n n陌生化是指通过一系列艺术加工和处理，有意识地使被陌生化是指通过一系列艺术加工和处理，有意识地使被感知对象变得困难，使它和读者原有的体验不一致甚至感知对象变得困难，使它和读者原有的体验不一致甚至完全相反，使意义的获得变得艰涩，延长了读者对形象完全相反，使意义的获得变得艰涩，延长了读者对形象的体验过程的体验
14、过程n n(1)(1)语言语言不同阶层语言的对比不同阶层语言的对比n n(2)(2)离奇故事的叙述离奇故事的叙述赛马、斗狗、跳蛙比赛中怪诞的赛马、斗狗、跳蛙比赛中怪诞的情节和结果情节和结果n n (3)(3)情节构造情节构造打听打听Leonidas SimonLeonidas Simon的的n n 息，变成了听息，变成了听wheelerwheeler无聊唠叨，出乎意无聊唠叨，出乎意n n 料料第11页/共14页象征化象征化signifyn nDogAndrew Jacksonn n对总统安德鲁杰克逊进行一番冷嘲热讽n nFrogDaniel Webstern n政客丹尼尔韦伯斯特喜欢在n n一些问题上不断改变立场，n n就如青蛙啪嗒啪嗒跳一样。n n跳蛙最后输掉了比赛，n n政客丹尼尔韦伯斯特n n最后也未能当上美国总统第12页/共14页Thank you!第13页/共14页