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1、Nathaniel Hawthorne第1页/共22页lifeHawthorne studied at Bowdoin college in Maine(18211825)Pot Longfellow and Franklin pierce第2页/共22页Literary CareerFanshawe failureThe Token 1830Seven tales of my native land burnttwice-told tales(first collection of short stories)little money第3页/共22页Hawthorne did three t
2、hing:first,as a surveyor second,Grandfathers Chair;Famous Old People;the Liberty Tree third,he invested his savings at Brook Farm 第4页/共22页Mosses form an old manse(second collection of short stories)The scarlet letter(most famous novel)First American romancer第5页/共22页SignificanceHawthorne was imbued w
3、ith an inquiring imagination,an intensely meditative,and an unceasing interest in the ambiguity of mans being.At his best,Hawthorne was a master of psychological insight.Hawthornes novels were perhaps the deepest and most psychological in the 19 century.第6页/共22页Three aspectsShowed great concern abou
4、t the American pastHis themes:第7页/共22页Brief introduction of The Scarlet Letter a love tragedy taking place in North American colonial period.H-Hester Prynne 海斯特白兰C-Roger Chillingworth罗杰奇林渥斯 D-Dimmesdale 代尔第8页/共22页Heroine H married to C,who was old and ugly and devoted his whole life to studying.Ther
5、e was no love between the couple.But H and minister D loved each other.And H gave birth to a daughter called Pearl.According to Puritanism,they committed adultery.H was punished in public and had to wear the scarlet letter-A standing for adultery in her life as a lifelong sign of her sin.But she had
6、 a strong will and refused to say who the childs father was.Hs long separated husband C came back from Britain and discovered her relationship with minister D.Also he knew what had happened with the scaffold,so he decided to find the childs father to revenge.He disguised as a doctor.D suffered from
7、his beliefs and conscience in long time and became thin and pallid.People asked D and C to live together to treat his illness.Living together provided the opportunity for C to revenge.So C tormented the poor minister unceasingly in vicious and clever method.At last,D cant endure Cs humiliation and i
8、nner torment any longer,he committed his sin in public and died in Hs arms.H sustains all humiliation and proved to be a strong-minded and capable woman.As she is ready to offer help and advice to other women in trouble,she was loved and respected by people in the town.She continued her life of pena
9、nce and became a model of endurance,goodness,courage,and victory over sin.第9页/共22页The heroine-Hester Prynne from her horrendous trials,she gains strength,courage,and her lost love.Shes the embodiment of deep contradictions:bad and beautiful,holy and sinful,conventional and radical.Shes also a mirror
10、,revealing the rue feelings of the reader about the role of women in society.All the contradictions of Hester make her an enduring heroine of American literature.She is flawed,complex,and above all fertile.第10页/共22页Hawthorne is significant for his styleA.Hawthorne wrote romance because he thought it
11、 the predestined form of American narrative.(he presented material on the alienation between fact and fancy.He wanted to reveal reality and satirize it but not to offend the puritan conventions.)B.Hawthorne used symbols and setting to reveal the psychology of characters.(take symbols for example:A s
12、ymbol is,like a metaphor,something that stands for,or represents,something else:an object,a person,even an idea.The Scarlet Letter is rich with symbols;in fact,it is largely regarded as the first symbolic novel in America.)第11页/共22页C.He wrote stories with narrative interest,case in transition,cohere
13、nce,and complexity.D.His style is soft,flowing,and almost feminine.(his touch is light,but his observation is somber)E.He used ambiguity to keep the reader in a word of uncertainty.(Hawthorne renders this beautiful passage to remind the reader,seemingly at every turn,that meaning,or truth,will be pr
14、ofoundly difficult to uncover)第12页/共22页Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692第13页/共22页The map of Salem(塞勒姆):Salem was settled in 1629,Massachusetts第14页/共22页In 1688Goody Glover:a laundress Martha Goodwin:a 13-year-old girlStrange behaviorbrother and two sisters第15页/共22页Goody Glover was arrested and accused o
15、f bewitching the children.Reverend Cotton Mather Glover was hangedmet twice with Glover after her arrestto persuade her to repent her witchcraft第16页/共22页In 1692January 20Abigail Williams(11)Elizabeth Parris(9)Strange behaviorOther girls in Salem第17页/共22页Mid-February,1692:Doctor Griggs,who attended t
16、o the“afflicted”girls,suggested that witchcraft was the cause of their strange behavior.trials第18页/共22页Procedure Used In The Salem Witchcraft Trials1.The afflicted person makes a complaint to the Magistrate about a suspected witch.The complaint is sometimes made through a third person.2.The Magistra
17、te issues a warrant for the arrest of the accused person.3.The accused person is taken into custody and examined by two or more Magistrates.If,after listening to testimony,the Magistrate believes that the accused person is probably guilty,the accused is sent to jail for possible reexamination and to
18、 await trial.4.The case is presented to the Grand Jury.Depositions relating to the guilt or innocence of the accused are entered into evidence.5.If the accused is indicted by the Grand Jury,he or she is tried before the Court of Oyer and Terminer.A jury,instructed by the Court,decides the defendants
19、 guilt.6.The convicted defendant receives his or her sentence from the Court.In each case at Salem,the convicted defendant was sentenced to be hanged on a specified date.7.The Sheriff and his deputies carry out the sentence of death on the specified date.第19页/共22页 The Dead June 10:Bridget Bishop Jul
20、y 19:Rebecca Nurse Sarah Good Susannah Martin Elizabeth Howe Sarah Wildes August 19 George Burroughs Martha Carrier John Willard George Jacobs,Sr.John Proctor September 22 Martha Corey Mary Eastey Ann Pudeator Alice Parker Mary Parker Wilmott Redd Margaret Scott Samuel Wardwell Nineteen accused witches were hanged on Gallows Hill in 1692:第20页/共22页第21页/共22页感谢您的观看！第22页/共22页