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1、I.句首省略:在非正式谈话中，如果意思清楚，句首的非重读词语常常省略。可以省略的词包括冠词a/an,the、物主代词my,your等、人称代词I，you等、助动词am，have等、和therebe句型中的there。例如：第1页/共26页1.(Haveyou）Foundthetreasure?2.(Doyou)Wanttoseehim?3.(Areyou)Goinghome?4.(Ibegyour）Pardon?5.Where(areyougoing)to?6.(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?第2页/共26页II.答语的省略答语在语法上经常不完整，因为不需要重复刚才
2、说过的话。1.-Haveyoufinishedyourcomposition?-Notyet.2.-Lindahasarrived.-when?3.-Hewontgototheparty.-whynot?第3页/共26页在简略答语中,如果句子无动词,要用宾格代词作主语,而不用主格代词:1.-Whowantsarideinmycar?-Me!/Notme!2.-Ihearyoureaprofessor.-Meaprofessor!3.-Ireallywanttohaveagoodsleep.-Me,too.第4页/共26页III.介词的省略1）在以next,last,this,that,thes
3、e,those,one,every,each,some,any,all等开始的一些表示时间的常用词组前面以及tomorrowmorning，yesterdayafternoon前面，不用介词：1.SeeyounextSaturday.2.Illneverforgetmeetingyouthatafternoon.3.WemetoneTuesdayinAugust.4.Comeanydayyoulike.5.Thepartylastedallnight.第5页/共26页2）在非正式文体中，尤其在美国，一周七天前面的on有时省略：AndseeyouMonday.3)在非正式文体中，在about+时
4、间词组前面at经常省略：Illseeyouabout3oclock.4)在非正式文体中，表示某事维持多长时间的词组里，for常省略：Wehavelivedhere(for)tenyears.第6页/共26页5）在be后表示计量的词组等：含有height,weight,length,size,shape,age,colour,area等词的词组与动词be连用时，往往省略介词of:1.Whatcolourarehereyes?2.Heismediumheight.3.ImthesameweightasIwastwentyyearsago.4.Whatsizeshoesareyou?第7页/共26页
5、6)在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组里，经常省略in:1.Theyplantcorn(in)thesamewaytheirancestorsusedto500yearsago.2.Shewalkedthiswayatthesametimeeverymorning.第8页/共26页7)在非正式文体中，与place连用的一些词组里，to可以省略：1.Letsgosomeplacewhereitsquiet.2.Hedoesnthavemoneytogoplaces.第9页/共26页在非正式文体中,在place,day,way,time+不定式+介词结构
6、中，可省略介词：1.Theyneedaplacetolive(in).2.Shehasnoplacetogo(to).3.Icantthinkofaworsewaytospendmytime.第10页/共26页IV.不定式的省略1）如果意思清楚的话，可以用to代替整个不定式：1.IwenttherebecauseIwantto.2.-willyoujoinus?-YesIdloveto.2）在and或or连接的不定式并列结构中，第二个不定式的to通常省去。如：Iwillaskthemtocomeoverandtalkthematterover.第11页/共26页3）在某些动词后可省略整个动词不
7、定式。这种情况常出现在名词和形容词以及try后：1.-Canyoustartthecar?-Ok,Iwilltry.2.Youcantforcehimtogetajobifheisnotready(to).3.Hellneverleavehome;hehasntgotthenerve(to).第12页/共26页4)在wouldlike/love/hate/prefer,want和choose后面通常不能省略to：1.-Areyouinterestedingoingtouniversity?-Idliketo.2.Herparentsencouragedhertostudyart,butshed
8、idntwantto.然而当want和like用于从句中时，to常略:1.Comewhenyouwant.2.IhavedecidedtodowhatIlike.第13页/共26页注意：如果不定式为tobe和tohave“有”，时,则不能省略。如:1.Hehasnotbeenpromotedyet,butsheoughttobe.2.Youhavegotmorechallengesthanyouusedtohave.3.Areyouasailor?No,butIusedtobe.第14页/共26页V.并列成分和并列句中的省略现象当用and,but或or连接词语和句子时,常可省略各种重复的词:1
9、.aknifeand(a)fork;2.inFrance,GermanyorSpain3.Hisofficewasonthetenthfloor,andhers(officewas)onthetwelfth(floor).4.Illbuyahouse.Hewill(buyahouse)too.5.Johnwasthewinnerin1994,andBob(wasthewinner)in1995.6.Shecanread,butcantwrite.第15页/共26页出现在并列句中的be,have,do,如果在一个分句中作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，则不可省略:1.Themanhasagu
10、nandhasthreatenedtouseit.2.Marydidtheworkbutdidnotfinishit.并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面的分句中，这时被省略的词语便出现在下文:Georgewill(takethecourse)andBobmighttakethecourse.第16页/共26页VI.状语从句中的省略:：1)除了原因状语从句，其他状语从句中大都可以省略主语和be动词。1.Althoughhard-working,hecouldntearnenougheventosupporthimself.2.Whenstillaboyofsix,Bobwassentawayfrom
11、home.3.Headvisedmenottosayanythinguntilasked.第17页/共26页2)在than或as引起的从句中的省略:如果意思清楚,as和than后的词可省略:Manyothersaredoingbetterthanweare.Heworksharderthanever.Theywilltrytoputtheplanintopracticeassoonaspossible.第18页/共26页VII.引导宾语从句的连词以及形容词后面的that通常都可省略。Ihope(that)allwillgowell.Weweresurprised(that)hecame.但如果
12、从句较长或从句的语境较复杂,连词that不能省略:1.Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowithhim.2.Everybodycouldseewhatanimportantpersonhewas,andthattheyoughttobecarefulnottooffendhim.第19页/共26页IX.定语从句中的省略1)省略关系副词where,why,when和关系代词。在指时间的普通名词后,在非正式文体中when经常用that代替或省去:1.Comeandseeusanytime(that)youreintown.2.Illneverfo
13、rgettheday(that)Ihadmyanklesprained.3.Thatwastheyear(that)hefirstwentabroad.第20页/共26页2)在somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere和place后,常用that代替where,或者省略:1.Haveyougotanywhere(that)Icanliedownforawhile?2.Weneedaplace(that)wecanstayforafewdays.第21页/共26页3)在way后面,常用that代替inwhich或省略;在reason后面常用that代替forwhi
14、ch,或者省略:1.Doyouknowaway(that)youcanearnmoneywithoutworking?2.Thereason(that)hedoesntlikemeisthatImakehimnervous.第22页/共26页4)在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略:1.Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmwesawlastnight?2.SheissomebodyIreallycanttolerate.第23页/共26页Xifanything,ifany,ifever,ifso,ifnot1)ifanything在比较结构中，表示“如果有区别的话”；还可表示“
15、如果有的话”；另一含义是：“相反，反而”：1.ThecarriagesofGermanstaterailwaysare,ifanything,betterthanthoseofthelargeFrenchcompanies.2.Truegreatnesshaslittle,ifanything,todowithrankorpower.3.Yoursuggestioncouldonlymakethingsworseifanything.第24页/共26页2)ifany表示“即使有”Therearefew,ifany,booksonfirstaidintheschoollibrary.3)seldom,ifever表示“很少，难得”1.Heseldomifevertravelsabroad.2.Heisseldom,ifever,absentfromschool.4)在if后，可以用so和not，而不必以肯定或否定的形式重复前面的话：1.Areyoufreethisevening?Ifso,letsgoforameal.2.Imightseeyoutomorrow.Ifnot,thenitllbeSaturday.第25页/共26页感谢您的观看！第26页/共26页