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1、英语中最常用词缀Affixes Most Frequently Used in EnglishnAn affix（词缀）is a letter or group of letters,for example un-or-y,which is added to either the beginning or the end of a word in order to form a different word.nAn affix includes prefix(added to the beginning of the word,前缀）and suffix（added to the end of
2、 the word,后缀).nWhen a prefix is added to a word,the word often has a new meaning.For example,unhappy,dishonest,incredible.nWhen a suffix is attached to a word,the word often has a new part of speech（词性）.For example,friendly,quickly.前缀1.mono-(在元音前为mon-)uni-(在元音前为un-):one,single 一，单arch统治者 monarch n.君
3、主 monarchy n.君主制gam婚姻 monogamy n.一夫一妻制logue说话 monologue n.独白ton声音 monotonous a.单调的 -life/rhythmgraph写 monograph n.专著oxide氧化物 monoxide n.一氧化物 carbon-poly卖 monopoly n.垄断 monopolize v.垄断-the market n一、表示数量的前缀(prefixes indicating figures)nuni-nChina Unicom/Mobile/Telecomnunify v.使统一 unify a country nuni
4、fication n.统一 nunique a.独一无二的，独特的(a unique stamp)nunity n.一体 family unity 家庭和睦nform形式uniform a.一致的；n.制服n bricks of uniform size大小一样的砖n police uniform警服 n school uniform 校服nlateral边unilateral 单边的a unilateral decision 单方面的决定n2.bi-,di-,ambi-：twoncycle 圈，环 bicycle,bicyclist,go cycling,cyclist nlateral 边
5、 bilateral agreement/treatynmonthly a.一月一次的，n.月刊nbimonthly a.两月一次的，n.双月刊nlingual语言 bilingual education 双语教育nenn年 biennial conference 两年一次的会议nann年 biannual 一年两次的 a biannual eventngam婚姻 bigamist重婚者ndi-noxide氧化物 dioxide n.二氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 nlemma见解，主张 dilemma n.进退两难的窘境 nHe was faced with the dil
6、emma of whether or not to return to his country.nambi-nval价值 ambivalent a.心情矛盾的（既爱又恨的）n ambivalence n.心情矛盾 She remained ambivalent about her marriage.gu引导 ambiguous a.模棱两可的 an ambiguous answer ambiguity n.模棱两可 n3.tri-:threen angle角 triangle 三角形 a girl in love triangle with Tom and Jack triangular 三角
7、形的ncycle圈，环 tricycle 三轮车ntriple a.三倍的 triple jump 三级跳n v.增加三倍 The company tripled its profits last year.nlateral边 trilateral 三边的n4.quadri-(元音前为quadr-):fournquadrangle 四角形nquadrennial 四年一次的 the quadrennial Olympic Gamesnquarterlyn5.deca-:ten deci-:one-tenth n decade 十年 three decades n The past three
8、decades have witnessed a huge change in Chinese society.n decimeter n.分米n decibel n.分贝 n n6.centi-(元音前为cent-)：one hundred(th)ngrade 级，度 centigrade百度制，摄氏npede足 centipede蜈蚣ncentimeter 厘米ncentury percent ncentennial 百年的 The centennial Olympics was held in Atlanta.n7.kilo-,milli-(元音前为mill-):one thousand
9、(th)nmeter 米 kilometer千米，公里 kmngram克 kilogram公斤 kgnwatt 瓦特 kilowatt 千瓦 nvolt伏特 kilovolt 千伏ncalorie卡路里 kilocalorie千卡nmilligram 毫克nmillimeter 毫米nmillennial 千年的 millennium 千年nMany people refer to the year 2000 as the Millennium.n8.mega-(元音前为meg-)兆nhertz赫兹 megahertz兆赫nbit比特，字节 megabit兆比特 128 mb二、表示空间方位的
10、前缀(prefixes indicating spatial position)n1.上 over-,super-,sur-,nover-在上noverall a.总体的，全面的 n -improvement in the management novercome v.克服-the difficultiesnoverflow v.溢满 The river overflew its bank.noverhead a./ad.an light n A plane flew overhead.noverlap v.重叠 overlapping investment noverlook v.忽视 Su
11、ch mistake is often overlooked.n 俯视 overlook the whole citynoverpass n.天桥 a pedestrian overpass人行天桥n注：nover-还有excessive（“过度的”）意思noverwork v.劳累过度n The farmer workers are overworked but underpaid.noversleep v.睡过头 He was late for work because of oversleeping.noveremphasize v.过分强调n The importance of lea
12、rning English can never be overemphasized.noverestimate v.高估 underestimate v.低估nsuper-在上，超过nstructure 结构 superstructure上层建筑nvise 看 supervise 监督nsuperficial a.肤浅的 I have only a-knowledge of law.nsuperior n./a.上级（的）my immediate-我的顶头上司n He works well with those-to him in the company.nsuperiority n.优越性
13、complex优越感 inferiority complex 自卑感nsuperman n.超人nsupermarket n.nsuperstar n.nsonic 音的 supersonic a.超音速的 a-planensupernatural a.超自然的 forces/powers/eventsnsur-在上，超nface面 surface 表面 the of the earthnname名 surname 姓(=family name,last name)npass过 surpass超过 ones expectationsnplus加 surplus a.剩余的 value剩余价值n
14、 n.顺差 trade 贸易顺差n2.下 sub-,under-,nsub-：undernsubway n.地铁(英国人用underground)nmarine 海洋的 submarine n.潜艇nconscious有意的 subconscious n./a.潜意识(的)nstandard标准的 substandard a.低于标准的 (nonstandard a.不标准的）nscribe写 subscribe订阅 to a magazine nmerge融合 submerge v.淹没 be submerged by the floodnsubmit vi.屈服 submit to sb.
15、n vt.提交 submit a report to sb.nsubordinate a.下级的；从属的 nsubstitute n.代替者 a for sb./sth.n v.代替 He substituted for the injured player.nsubtract v.减去 Subtract 3 from 9 and you have 6.n （加 add;乘multiply；除divide)nsuburb n.郊区 in the of the city n (同义词 outskirts，但是搭配的介词不同 on the outskirts of the city)nunder-
16、在下；不足nunderline vt.在下面划线 the underlined wordsnunderdeveloped 不发达的 countries不发达国家 欠发达国家 less developed countries nundergraduate n.本科生 nundergo vt.经历，遭受 a major operation nunderlying a.潜在的 an meaning 内在的含义nundermine vt.暗中破坏 she tried to our friendship.nundertake vt.承担 the impossible mission nunderwear
17、 n.内衣，衬衣nunderneath prep.在下面 put your name the address.n3.前 fore-,pre-,pro-cast投 forecast n./v.预测，预报 weather,the futuretell告诉 foretell v.预言 foretell the futuresee看见 foresee v.预见，先见 foresight n.先见foremost a.首要的 first and 首要的是 Karajan was the conductor of his day.foreword n.序言 forerunner n.先驱forearm n
18、.前臂 forehead n.额头bode兆头 forebode v.预兆，预示（灾祸）The black clouds forebode a storm.乌云预示着风暴要来临。nfer 运 prefer vt.更喜欢 I prefer walking to cycling.n He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.n preferable a.更合意的 be to sth.比更合适，比更好n Health without riches is to rich without health.n preference n.偏爱 He
19、 has a for vegetables and meat.njud判断 prejudice n.偏见 n have a prejudice/bias/discrimination against sb./sth.对持有偏见npreliminary a.初步的,预备的 a examination 初试；预考nmature成熟的 premature a.比正常时间早的 a baby 早产儿 npremier 总理 Chinese/French，German chancellor,British/Japanese Prime Ministernscribe写 prescribe vt.开处方 p
20、rescription n.处方n The doctor prescribed a new medicine for my flu.n Please take this prescription to the drugstore/pharmacy/chemists.npre-npreschool a.学龄前的 education n 初等教育primary educationn 中等教育 secondary education n 高等教育 higher education nhistoric历史的 prehistoric a.史前的 a animalncaution小心precaution
21、n.预防措施 take precautions against sth.ncede去 precede v.在之前 n A short lecture will the movie.电影开演前有一个小讲座。n precedent n.先例（可数名词）set/create a for 为创先例n n.惯例(不可数名词）break with 打破惯例n preceding a.在前的 in the class/chapterndict说 predict预言 the future prediction n.预言 predictor n.预言者npreface 序言(=foreword)the to t
22、his booknside边 preside vi.主持 n at/over the conference 主持会议 (president)nsume拿来 presume vt.推测，假定 n Lets that he has told the truth.n presumption n.推测，假定 ntext 文本 pretext 托词，借口 find a for v-ingnvail强大 prevail vi.流行，盛行 n This custom prevails over the whole area.n prevalent a.流行的，普遍的 n This disease is mo
23、re among young people.nview看 preview v.预习，预演 the text n review 复习 review the textnpro-ngress步伐 progress 进步 make progress (progress为不可数名词，不可以说make a progress，但是可以说make a rapid progress)progressive a.进步的，先进的 a man of views 一个有进步观点的人nject扔 project vt.投射，放映 n The tree projected a shadow on the grass.树在草
24、地上投下影子。n projector n.投影仪 an overhead projectornlong长 prolong向前拉长，延长 our lifenmote动 promote vt.促进；晋升 friendships among countries n promotion n.促进；晋升 sales promotion npel推 propel vt.推进；驱使 propel the rocket into space nspect 看 prospect n.前景 Wish you a bright/future.n prospective a.预期的，未来的 student/buyer
25、/customer/clientnpose放 propose v.提议；打算 v-ing 建议做 propose to v.n proposal n.提议 turn down(reject/refuse)ones nprophet n.先知；预言者n4.后 post-,re-,retro-npost-npone放 postpone vt.推迟 v-ing(=put off v-ing)n postpone studying abroadnscript写 postscript n.附言(缩写p.s.，书信或email署名后的附言）npostwar a.战后的 the periodnpostgra
26、duate 研究生npostdoctoral 博士后的 research Ph.D candidatenBachelors degree Masters degree Ph.D.nre-ngress步伐 regress n./v.退步n Such countries are not developing at all,but regressing.nact作用 react vi.作出反应 n The manager reacted positively to the proposal.n reaction n.反应 a chain 连锁反应，the chemical nrecall vt.回忆
27、；召回 I dont recall seeing him.n Volkswagen recalled its cars made last year.ncede去 recede vi.退去 The flood receded gradually.nredeem vt.赎回 his ring from the pawnbroker（当铺）nreflect v.反映；反省 reflection n.n The old man reflected on what he had done in his life time.n nrefresh v.（使）恢复活力 n She looked refres
28、hed after a good nights sleep.n refreshments n.（复数）茶点，点心 offer guests some nrefund n./v.退款 n demand a 要求退款 They refunded our money.refundable a.可退款的nrepay vt.偿还；报答 his debt our parentsn5.内 in-(变体im-),intro-,en-(变体em-)nin-play badminton/tennis/table tennis/bowlingnindoor a.室内的 sports outdoor sports n
29、inland a.内陆的,内地的 the inland population nject扔 inject vt.注射 The nurse injected penicillin into his arm.n injection n.注射 I was scared of when I was young.ncorporate团体 incorporate v.合并；成立公司n Intel Inc.(Inc.=incorporated股份有限的）n Your idea will be incorporated in the plan.n This company is about to with i
30、ts parent company.n incorporation n.公司 n duce引导 induce vt.引诱 inducement n.引诱物n The salesman induced me to buy a new car.nfect做 infect vt.感染 infection n.感染 infectious 有传染性的n The child has been infected with flu.n an infectious disease nfer运 infer vt.推论 From what did you that he was the murderer?n It
31、can be inferred that.Inference n.推论nflat吹 inflate vt.使充气；使通货膨胀 the tyre/balloonn inflation 通货膨胀 n How to control the remains the top priority for the government.n deflate the tyre/balloon deflation 通货紧缩nflu流 influence have/exert a great influence on/overn influential a.有影响力的 an newspapernform形成 info
32、rm vt.通知 inform sb.of sth.(notify sb.of sth.)n We were soon informed of what had happened.nhale呼吸 inhale v.吸入 exhale v.呼出 inhale and exhale air/smokenhere粘(adhere to the principle;coherent)inherent)n a.内在的，固有的(同义词：innate,inborn,intrinsic)n There are dangers in almost every sport.ninput n/v.输入，投入 inp
33、ut the data into the computer n output n/v.输出，产出nsert放 insert vt.插入，嵌入insert the disk into the optical driver ninsight n.洞察力 nspire呼吸 inspire vt.鼓舞;给灵感 inspire me to work hardern inspiration n.鼓舞；灵感ninstall vt.安装 install and uninstall the software n installation n.安装nintrude vi.侵入 intrusion n.ninvad
34、e vi.侵入 invasion n.nim-nmigrate迁徙 immigrate 移民（移入某国）immigrate from Chinan immigration immigrant n emigrate,emigration,emigrant nport港口 import n./v.进口 Anhui Technology Impt.&Expt.Co.,Ltd.npose放 impose vt.强加；征税 sth.on sb.n his opinions on others；heavy duties on imported carsnpress压 impress vt.留印象 Her
35、speech deeply impressed me.n impression n.印象 leave a deep impression on me n impressive a.给人印象深刻的 an speechnpulse脉 impulse n.冲动 buy the watch on nprison监狱 imprison vt.监禁 be imprisoned for seven yearsn imprisonment n.监禁 be sentenced to seven years npoverty贫困 impoverish vt.使贫困 an impoverished familyni
36、ntro-nduce引导 introductory remarks开场白，绪言nvert转 introvert n.内向的人 extrovert n.性格外向的人nen(在b,p,m前为em-)ncage笼子 encage v.使关进笼子 the tigernclose关 enclose vt.围住 an enclosed garden/campusngrave重 engrave vt.雕刻；使铭记 n the champions name on the trophy n The experience was engraved into his memory.nroll名单 enroll vi
37、.加入 in the army n vt.招收 enroll new students enrollment n.nvis看 envisage vt.想象（=envision,imagine,picture)n envisage a world at peace n I had never envisaged working as a college teacher.nbar棒，条 embargo n./vt.禁运n place/put an on 对实施禁运 lift/raise an on 解除禁运nbed床 embed vt.嵌入;使深留脑海 n This idea is embedde
38、d in our mind.n This idea is deeply rooted in our mind.nbody身体 embody vt.体现 n His paintings embodied the spirit of the age.n n6.外 e-,ex-,extra-,out-ne-nvalue价值 evaluate 评价,评估 his performance n.evaluation nject扔 eject vt.喷出，弹出 lava ejected from a volcanonvade走 evade v.逃避；回避 responsibilitynmigrate迁移 e
39、migrate v.移居（到另外一个国家）nvolve卷 evolve v.演变；进化 evolve from the apes（猿）n evolution n.nex-nclude关闭 exclude vt.排除；不包括 the possibility of n The price excludes drinks.The hotel charges 6 pounds per day,excluding(=exclusive of)meals.ntract拉 extract v.拔出；摘录 n.摘录 a wisdom teeth（智齿）npel推 expel vt.驱逐；开除 n the in
40、vaders the student for cheatingnpose放 expose vt.使暴露 the film to light n.exposure(to sth.)nceed去 exceed vt.超过 exceeding a.极其的 a girl of beautyn exceedingly ad.极其地 an hard problem extremelynclaim声称 exclaim v.呼喊；惊叫 He exclaimed that it was untrue.nextra-ncurriculum课程 extracurricular a.课外的 activities 课外
41、活动nmarital 婚姻的 extramarital 婚外的 an affair 婚外情nordinary普通的 extraordinary a.非凡的(=remarkable)achievementnvaga流浪 extravagant a.奢侈的 live an life n.extravagance nterrestrial地球的 extraterrestrial a.地球外的 n.外星人 an E.T.nout-ngrow生长 outgrow vt.(=grow too large for)长大而穿不下 n The child outgrew all his clothes.nlas
42、t持续 outlast vt.（=last longer than)比耐久/命长n Listen to his music-it will outlast us all.nlaw法律 outlaw n.亡命之徒；歹徒nline线 outline n.提纲；轮廓 nput放 output n/v.输出，产出 the annual n7.中间 inter-,mid-ninter-nact作用 interact nvi.相互作用；互动 The speaker interacted with the audience.nn.interaction a.interactive nface脸 interf
43、ace n.接口；界面 user-friendly interfacenfer运 interfere vi.干涉；干扰 n interfere in the internal affair(ones private affair)n interfere with his work/planncity城市 intercity a.城际的 an train ncontinental洲的 intercontinental a.洲际的 an airlinenpersonal人的 interpersonal a.人际的 relationships/skillsnview看 interview n./v.
44、面试;采访 a job/visa interview nmid-n在正午/午夜nat midday/midnight burn the midnight oil n仲夏夜n a midsummer nightn中指 nthe mid fingern在四月中旬 nin mid Apriln中秋节 n the Mid-Autumn Festivalnmidwife n.助产士 n8.周围 circum-nstance站 circumstance n.环境;条件n Under no circumstances must you leave the house.n By no means.n In n
45、o casen In no wayn On no time.n On no account三、表达反义的前缀（negative prefixes)na-(an-),dis-,in-(ig-,il-,im-,ir-),un-,non-na-(在元音或辅音h前变为an-)nthe Amazon 亚马逊河 nsymmetry n.对称 asymmetry n.不对称 nonym-名 anonymous a.匿名的 n an letter/phone call (n.anonymity)narch-统治 anarchy n.无政府状态 n anarchism 无政府主义 n anarchist 无政府
46、主义者ndis-ndisorder n.无秩序 in a state of disorder 处于混乱状态ndislike n./v.不喜欢 my likes and dislikesndishonesty n.不诚实norganized a.有条理的 disorganized a.混乱的 nin-ncredible a.可信的 incredible a.难以置信的（unbelievable)ndefinite a.确切的(a reply)indefinite a.不确切的 nindirect a.间接的 an effect/routendispensable a.不必要的 indispens
47、able a.必不可少的 n His help and advice are for doing the job well.nevitable可避免的(=avoidable)inevitable a.不可避免的 n It is that theyll lose the game.nfinite a.有限的 infinite a.无限的 an infinite number of.nsane a.神智健全的 insane a.精神失常的(=mad/wild/crazy)nvalid a.（法律）有效的 invalid a.无效的 an contractnvariable a.可变的 invari
48、able a.不变的 invariably ad.（=always_n She invariably arrives late.ncapable a.有能力的 incapable a.没有能力的 be of v-ingnsensitive a.敏感的 insensitive a.不敏感的 be to sth.(light/criticism)nin-在l前变成il-nlegal a.合法的（=lawful)illegal a.非法的(=unlawful)nlogical a.合乎逻辑的 illogical a.不合逻辑的 nin-在m,p,b前变成im-nmoral n./a.道德(的)imm
49、oral a.不道德的 act/behavior nmortal n.凡人 a.必死的 disease 绝症 mortality rate死亡率n immortal n.神仙 a.不死的 n nimpatient/impossible nimbalance n.不平衡nrational a.合乎理性的 irrational a.不合理性的 an behavior nresistible a.可抵挡的 irresistible a.不可抵挡的 an temptationnreversible a.可逆转的 irreversible a.不可逆转的 an trend nresponsible a.
50、负责任的 irresponsible a.不负责任的 an mannun-nunreal/unfortunate/unemployment/unexpectedncivilized a.文明的 uncivilized a.不文明的 behavior neducated a.受过教育的 uneducated a.未受过教育的 mannern注：in-与un-的用法差异：n1.in-不是活用的前缀，除了已有派生词以外，不能构成新的派生词，而un-是活用的前缀，可构成新的派生词.n2.后缀为-ate,-ite,-ent,-ant,-ible的单词，多半用in-：n indefinite,inadeq