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1、状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等9种。第1页/共48页 状语从句的分类第2页/共48页1、时间状语从句：第3页/共48页注意：（1）when,as,while when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：第4页/共48页 When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）
2、When the lesson was over,we began our writing.（从句动作在前）第5页/共48页 as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.第6页/共48页While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在期间”，从句里的动作必须是 持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。第7页/共48页如：While we were watching TV,he was writing a c
3、omposition.第8页/共48页 while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：He is tall while his brother is short.当when,as,while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(When或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.第9页/共48页 (2)by the time,each time,every time,immediately,the moment,the instant,the minute,soon after,shortly after都可以作为连词，引导
4、时间状语。第10页/共48页by the time 1)到时候为止 通常引导一个时间状语从句，表示“到的时候为止”主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。值得注意的是，当从句用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。例如：By the time l got to the station，the train had already gone。By the time he was fourteen,he had taught himself advanced mathematics.By the time you get to get to Greenwich you will have seen the
5、most historic parts of London.第11页/共48页soon after 不久以后Paula became pregnant soon after they were married.Shortly after那不久之后.那以后不久I began to clean the classroom shortly after I got to school 第12页/共48页 Each time he came,he would call on me.You must show him in immediately he comes.I recognized him the
6、 moment I saw him.第13页/共48页(3)till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如：I worked till(until)he came back.第14页/共48页 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到 才”。如：I didnt go to bed until(till)he came back.第15页/共48页放在句首表示强调时一般用 until。如：Until he returns,nothing can be done.第16页/共48页2、地点状语从句：通常由连词where,wherever和e
7、verywhere 引导。如：Go back where you came from.Wherever you go,you must write to your parents.Where there is a will,there is a way.She follows me everywhere I go.第17页/共48页3、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,since,now that引导。区别是:because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原 因和理由，语气最强，why提 问的句子，一般都用because 回答。He didnt come because he was
8、 ill.第18页/共48页since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。Since you are here,you must do it.as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引 导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。You neednt go with me as you are busy.As I was afraid,I hid myself.第19页/共48页now that意思与since相似，表示“既然”。Now that you are in High School,you will probably spend more in reading.Now that all th
9、e guests have arrived,lets have our dinner.第20页/共48页注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.第21页/共48页 because可以引导表语从句,而 as,since不可以，这时状语一 般都是it,this,that Its because he is too lazy.第22页/共48页 for也表示“因为”，但是并列 连词，它连接的不是状语从 句，语气比较强。It must be morni
10、ng,for the birds are singing.第23页/共48页4、目的状语从句：通常由that,so that,in order that,lest,in case（以防、免得）等引导：He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.She studied hard so that she could pass the final-exam.I explained again and again in case he misunderstand me.第24页/共48页lest(以免，免得),for fear
11、that I hid the book lest(=for fear that)he see it.目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may (might),can(could)should,will等情 态动词。第25页/共48页5、结果状语从句：由that,so that,sothat,suchthat引导：It was very cold,so that the river froze.There were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.He made such an exce
12、llent speech that every one admired him.第26页/共48页6、条件状语从句:由 if,unless,as long as(=so long as)(只要),in case(that)(如果，万一)等引导：If plastics and rubber are burned,they give off dangerous gas.第27页/共48页 Unless you work hard,you will fail,You can go out,as long as(so long as)you promise to be back before elev
13、en.第28页/共48页 In case I forget,please remind me about that.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态表示将来时。第29页/共48页7、方式状语从句：由连词：as,as if,as though引导：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.第30页/共48页 as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气He tre
14、ats me as if I were his own son.Smith talked as he had done all the work himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it.第31页/共48页8、比较状语从句：由连词asas,not so(as)as,than等引导：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.第32页/共48页 No one can be more fit for his office than he is.He cant run so fast as she.第33页
15、/共48页注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较 级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比 较状语从句内。如：The more you study,the more you know.The harder we work,the happier we feel.第34页/共48页让步状语从句一般由如下的词或词组引导：让步状语从句一般由如下的词或词组引导：1 1）though,althoughthough,although2 2）even though,even ifeven though,even if3 3）whatever,whenever,however(+whatever,wheneve
16、r,however(+adj.),whetheradj.),whetheror not,or not,no matter whetherno matter whether or not.or not.9、让步状语从句：第35页/共48页whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-ever第36页/共48页no matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howno matter wh-第37页/共48页 Though he is
17、 old,yet he is active.Although most of the people agreed,some were not willing to accept.Young as the child is,he knows something about electricity.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.第38页/共48页 Whenever(=no matter when)you call on me,you are always welcome.Wherever(no matter where
18、)you work,you can always find time to study.Take the one you like best,whichever(no matter which)it is.第39页/共48页 No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.Whether he comes or not,well discuss the problem this afternoon.第40页/共48页注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置
19、时强调从句内容。第41页/共48页 （2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)he was tired,yet(still)he went on working.第42页/共48页（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分 语序要部分倒装。如：Young as he is,he can read and write in several foreign language.（表语提前）第43页/共48页 Child as he was,he had
20、to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to march forward.（分词提前）第44页/共48页10省略现象 有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。注意状语从句中从句的省略现象第45页/共48页连接词+过去分词/现在分词/形容词/其他1.Dont speak until(you are)spoken to.2.Look out fo
21、r cars when(you are)crossing the street3.If(it is)possible,Id like to have two copies of it.可能的话，我想要两本。第46页/共48页4.He is a good man,though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。5.While(I was)waiting,I was reading some old magazines.6.If(it is)carefully done,the experiment will be successful.7.She opened her lips as if(she was going)to say some thing.第47页/共48页感谢您的观看！第48页/共48页