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1、会计学1英语中的虚拟语气用法讲解英语中的虚拟语气用法讲解语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。第1页/共18页虚拟语气n n虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念第2页/共18页一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设
2、假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语should,would,might,couldhavedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语should,wouldmight,could动词原形第3页/共18页eg:If I eg:If I hadhad time,I time,I would attendwould attend the meeting.the meeting.If he If he had hurrie
3、dhad hurried,he ,he could have caughtcould have caught the train.the train.If I If I were to go abroadwere to go abroad,I ,I would gowould go to America.to America.如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhi
4、m.Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:第4页/共18页使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了第5页/共18页省略句在条件句中
5、，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句式IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.第6页/共18页二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于
6、宾语从句、wish 后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcould go.第7页/共18页2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthe
7、meeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱第8页/共18页在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request
8、等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.第9页/共18页A.A.在句型在句型在句型在句型“It is important(necessary,strange,natural)It is impo
9、rtant(necessary,strange,natural)that.that.”中，中，中，中，that that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+should+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形 1.1.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。Its Its necessarynecessary that we should have a walk now.that we should have a walk now.2 2 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是
10、很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。ItsIts natural natural that she should do so.that she should do so.3 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Its Its importantimportant that we should take good care of the that we should take good care of the patient.patient.（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中第10页/共18页B.在Itisdeman
11、ded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause 句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型Itsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.第11页/共18页1.Itis(high/about)timethat从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略三、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/sho
12、uldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!第12页/共18页3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.asif(asthough)看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).Hetreats/t
13、reatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit第13页/共18页5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.第14页/共18页四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来应该做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不
14、该做-你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做-比较：didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.第15页/共18页Choosethebestanswer:1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speak
15、twoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there_noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAA
16、A第16页/共18页5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen8.You_comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.haveBBcA第17页/共18页