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1、Section A(GF4c)Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Learning objectives1.Master the grammar of infinitives as object,adverbial and object complement.2.Understand how to use phrasal verbs.3.Develop the ability of knowledge analysis and build up the sense of cooperation.1.Master the grammar of i
2、nfinitives as object,adverbial and object complement.2.Understand how to use phrasal verbs.3.Develop the ability of knowledge analysis and build up the sense of cooperation.Learning objectivesId like to help homeless people.She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.You coul
3、d ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.Im making some signs to put up around the school.Grammar Focus动词不定动词不定式结构式结构作宾语：主语作宾语：主语+谓语谓语V.+todoV.+todo作宾补：主语作宾补：主语+谓
4、语谓语V.+sb.+toV.+sb.+to作目的状语作目的状语语法概述语法概述动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作todo(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为nottodo。动词不定动词不定式的用法式的用法不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语等。动词不定式结构动词不定式结构常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：想要 拒绝 忘记(want,refuse,forget)需要 努力 学习(need,try,learn)选择 同意 帮助(choose,agree,help)希望 决定 开始(hope/wish/expect,de
5、cide,begin/start)Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.He decided to help the homeless.1.1.作宾语作宾语动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish,help,warn,invite,encourage 等可以构成“.sb.(not)to do sth.”结构的动词。Sam asked me to help him.The teacher always tells us
6、not to swim in the river.2,2,作宾语补足语作宾语补足语注意：注意：在在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词等感官听觉动词或使役动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词后面作宾语补足语的动词,其不定式其不定式一般要省略动一般要省略动词不定式符号词不定式符号“to”。let/make/have+sb.+do sth.e.g.Let the girl leave here now.The boy made the baby cry.see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+do sth.e.g.I
7、often hear the girl sing in the next room.3.3.作状语作状语1）作目的状语。）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动 词不定式可用词不定式可用in order to或或so as to+动词原形动词原形，so as to不用于句首。不用于句首。e.g.The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.2）作结果状语。）作结果状语。e.g.He woke up only to find everybody gone.His grandma lived to see the li
8、beration of China.He is old enough to go to school.动词不定式作主语时，动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。其谓语动词用单数形式。To know oneself is difficult.人能自知，实属不易。人能自知，实属不易。4.4.作作主语主语动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，可以用可以用it作形式主语，不定式做主语放在作形式主语，不定式做主语放在句末。句末。Its difficult to learn a foreign l
9、anguage.动词不定式作定语时通常要放在动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后所修饰词之后。Who was the first one to arrive?Would you like something to drink?5.5.作定语作定语My duty is to look after the animals.6.6.作作表语表语help move do make visit spend Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1._ lots of money.In their free time,th
10、ey think about what 2._ for fun.However,few people think about what they can do 3._others.to maketo doto helpThere are many people who are less lucky than us.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4._ our free time.For example,we can make plans 5._ sick children in the hospital or
11、raise money for homeless people.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6._ to another place,like one of the countries in Africa,and help people there.to spendto visit to move Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.Fill in the blanks with the corr
12、ect forms of the verbs in the box.4bbe worried about 担心1.Id like to volunteer _ 2.At 12:a.m.,I called my friend _ to help kids with their homework.to play soccer together.3.Im very busy but I could help _ 4.Summer vacation is coming,and I want_5.I want to travel alone.My parents told me(not)_ take t
13、he trash out after dinner.to go camping with my friends.not to do that.Complete the sentences with your own ideas.Use infinitives.Complete the sentences with your own ideas.Use infinitives.4ccould for suggestionscould for suggestionscould 是情态动词是情态动词can的过去式，但常用来表示委婉的的过去式，但常用来表示委婉的语气，此时与过去式无关，语气语气，此时与
14、过去式无关，语气比比can 更委婉更委婉。可以用来可以用来表示建议或劝告表示建议或劝告，意为，意为“可以；不妨可以；不妨”。The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.The boy could give out food at the food bank.The boy could help to clean up the city parks.Phrasal verbs 短语动词短语动词 Phrasal verbs 短语动词短语动词 短语动词是由短语动词是由动词和介词、副词或其他词动词和介词、副词或
15、其他词构成的固定构成的固定词组，可看成一个整体，这种组合称之为短语动词。词组，可看成一个整体，这种组合称之为短语动词。1.动词+介词2.动词+副词3.其它类动词词组短语短语动词的类型和用法动词的类型和用法 动词+介词 相当于及物动词，后面必须相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语有宾语，且，且宾语只能宾语只能位于介词之后位于介词之后。look after 照顾 look at 看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待 I agree with what you said.He cared for her more than s
16、he realized.短语短语动词的类型和用法动词的类型和用法 动词+副词可看作及物动词，名词作宾语可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；词之后；代词代词作宾语时；作宾语时；只能位只能位于动词与副词之间于动词与副词之间。有的也可看作不及物动词。有的也可看作不及物动词。cheer up 振奋起来振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净打扫干净give up 放弃放弃put off 推迟推迟take away 拿走拿走fix up 修理修理 turn down 调低；拒绝调低；拒绝turn up 出现；调高出现；调高This is a new wo
17、rd.Youd better look it up in the dictionary.Its too noisy.Please turn down the TV.=Its too noisy.Please turn the TV down.短语短语动词的类型和用法动词的类型和用法 动词+副词+介词相当于及物动词，相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后宾语位于介词之后。catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出 look forward to 期望 run out of 用完；耗尽He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.Im
18、 looking forward to the weekend.短语短语动词的类型和用法动词的类型和用法 动词+名词+介词相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后宾语位于介词之后。make fun of 取笑取笑 make use of 利用利用 pay attention to 注意注意take care of 照顾照顾 make friends with 与与交朋友交朋友Its impolite to make fun of your classmate.We could make better use of our resour
19、ces.短语短语动词的类型和用法动词的类型和用法 be+形容词+介词相当于及物动词，相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后宾语位于介词之后。be different from 与与不同不同 be famous for 因为因为而出名而出名 be busy with 忙于忙于 be similar to 与与相似相似The girl is afraid of dogs.China is famous for its long history.put uphand outcall upcheer upcome up with give out put off1.I want to _ my plan t
20、o work in an animal hospital until next summer.Im too busy with my studies this year.put off2.She hopes to _ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.call up3.Our class is trying to _ some ideas to _ sick children because they are often sad.4.We de
21、cided to _ signs around the school and _ notices to tell students about the book sale.We will _ the money from the sale to homeless people.+come up withcheer up put uphand outgive out Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.4abe busy
22、with.忙于，后接名词或代词if 引导的宾语从句，if意为“是否”Exercises一、单项选择。一、单项选择。1.Our school has _ a sign at the gate,saying“Greet your child with a smile,not a mobile.”A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put in2.Its not good for you to smoke so much.Youd better _.A.give up it B.give them up C.give it up D.give up them3.My cous
23、in volunteers in the Childrens Home.His job is to_ food and clothes.A.sell out B.work out C.hand out D.find out二、二、完成句子。完成句子。1.他们帮助无家可归的人过上舒适的生活，帮助贫困的孩子上学。They helped _ _ to live a comfortable life and the poor kids to go to school.2.每当我出门，我妈妈总是担心我的安全。Whenever I go out,my mother is always _ _ my safety.the homelessworried about3.我们已经制订一个计划来完成这项工作。We have made a plan _ _ the work.4.学好英语不容易。It is not easy _ _ English well.5.我有点儿事要和你谈一谈。I have something _ _ with you.to finishto talkto learnThank youThank youThank youThank you