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1、高中英语语法知识：易错动词用法归纳9cause用作动词与名词1.用作动词，有两类用法需注意：(1)表示“造成”“使（发生)”，注意以下搭配：其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语。如：Smoking can cause lung cancer.吸烟可导致肺癌。Careless drivers cause accidents.司机不小心就出事故。后接双宾语。如：The car caused me a lot of trouble.这车给我引来了不少麻烦。He caused his parents much unhappiness.他弄得他父母很不愉快。I hope this will not
2、cause you any inconvenience.希望这不会给你造成不便。后接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如：The cold weather caused the plants to die.天气寒冷冻死了植物。Heating a copper bar will cause it to expand.对铜棒加热会使它膨胀。What caused your wife to change her mind?是什么使你的妻子改变了主意?若双宾语易位，可用介词to/for来引出间接宾语。如：Her irresponsible behaviour has caused her family a gr
3、eat deal of anxiety.=Her irresponsible behaviour has caused a great deal of anxiety toforher family.她不负责任的行为已引起她的家人的莫大担扰。(2)表示“使”“迫使”，通常接不定式的复合结构作宾语，注意不要受动词make的影响而用错句型。比较：是什么使她哭了?正：What caused her to cry?/What made her cry?误：What caused her crycrying?/What made her to cry?这个坏消息使她伤心。正：The bad news c
4、aused her to be sad.正：The bad news made her sad.误：The bad news caused her sad.2.用作名词，有以下3种主要用法：(1)表示“原因”，为可数名词。如：Bacteria are often a cause of disease.细菌常常引起疾病。Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease.吸烟是引起心脏病的一种原因。(2)表示“理由”，为不可数名词。如：He had just cause for anger.他有正当的理由生气。(3)表示“事业”“奋斗目标”，为可数名词。如
5、：He dedicated himself to the cause of science.他献身科学事业。比较下面两句，注意cause前冠词的有无：There is no effect without a cause.没有无因之果。Dont complain without(good)cause.不要无故抱怨。3.比较cause与reason：(1)表示造成某一事实或现象的直接原因或起因，一般要用cause（后常接of），不用reason。如：Carelessness is often the cause of fires.疏忽大意往往酿成火灾。Friction is the cause o
6、f the matchs lighting.摩擦是火柴点燃的原因。(2)若是说明或解释某种行为或看法的理由，两者可通用（其后常接for或不定式）。如：There is no causereasonfor anxietyto be anxious.没有理由焦虑。You have no reasoncausefor complaintto complain.你没有理由抱怨。动词get的用法与搭配用法一：用于“get+名词+宾补”，该宾语补足语可以是：1.不定式其意为“使做”（具有使役性）。如：He got his son to post the letter.他叫他儿子去寄信。You must g
7、et them to come over here.你必须想法让他们到这儿来。He couldnt get the car to start and went by bus.他因无法发动车子，所以就乘公共汽车去。2.现在分词其意为“使（开始）起来”或处于某种状态。如：What he said got us thinking.他说话使我们思考起来。Can you get the clock going again?你能让这钟重新走起来吗?Its not hard to get him talking;the problem is stopping him.要他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。3.
8、过去分词其中的过去分词表示被动关系。如：Go and get your hair cut.去把头发理了。Ill try to get it published.我要设法让它发表（出版）。He got his fingers caught in the door.他的手指让门给夹给了。You must get the work done by Friday.你必须最迟在星期五以前把工作做完。注：有时表示遭遇。如：He got his watch stolen.他的表被偷了。He got his fingers caught in the door.他的手指让门给夹住了。4.形容词意为“使（变成某
9、种状态）”。如：I cant get the door open.这门我打不开。Weve got everything ready.我们已把一切都准备好了。用法二：用作连系动词，表示状态的变化，其后所接表语可以是：1.形容词The weather is getting warm.天气暖和起来了。She got quite impatient.她变得很不耐烦起来。注意，用作连系动词的get之后一般不接表示颜色的形容词，如不说get black/white/red，遇此情况可用go或turn。2.过去分词He got lost in the woods.他在树林里迷路了。They got disc
10、ouraged and went home.他们感到泄气回家了。“get+过去分词”结构有时是系表结构，有时是被动语态，这主要看其中的过去分词是强调状态（为系表结构）还是强调动作（为被动语态）。表示被动时，与用be有区别：一般说来，用get除表示更强的动作意味外，还往往表示一种突发性的，出乎意料的偶发事件。如：How did the window get broken?这窗子是怎么打破的?He got killed when crossing the road.过马路时他被车撞死了。3.不定式Soon they got to be good friends.不久他们就成了好朋友。Youll l
11、ike her once you get to know her.你一旦了解她，就喜欢她了。能用于get后的不定式不多，常见的有to know, to like, to be等。4.现在分词Things havent really got going yet.活动还没开展起来。Then we got chatting together.后来我们在一起聊了起来。“have+宾语+动词”结构归纳“have+宾语+动词”这结构中的动词可以有多种形式，且表示的含义也各不相同，现分述于下：1.have+宾语+不定式（作定语）该结构中的不定式用作定语修饰其前的名词。如：(1)表示“有要”。如：I have
12、 a few letters to write.我有几封信要写。We have a lot of work to do.我们有许多工作要做。(2)表示“有的”。如：Birds have the instinct to learn to fly.鸟有飞的本能。She didnt have the courage to refuse.她没有勇气拒绝（即没有拒绝的勇气）。2.have+宾语+动词原形（作宾语补足语）(1)表示叫（使、让）某人做某事，其中的have是使役动词。如：He had his son clean the car.他叫他的儿子擦车。Ill have Hudson show you
13、 to your room.我让哈德逊带你去看你的房间。(2)用于否定式，表示“不能让”或“从未有人”，通常与wont连用。如：I wont have you tell me what to do.我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。3.have+宾语+现在分词（作宾语补足语）(1)表示使（让）某人或某物一直不停地做某事。如：I have the car waiting.我让汽车等着。He had us laughing all through the meal.他弄得我们整个吃饭时间都欢笑不止。(2)表示客观上有某情况在进行或持续。如：We have people standing on our
14、steps all day.我们的台阶上整天站着人。I looked up and found we had water dripping through the ceiling.我抬头一看，发现有水渗过天花板滴下来。(3)表示使（让）某人开始做起某事来。如：He soon had them all laughing.他很快逗得大家都笑了。I have them all talking to each other.我使得他们全都相互交谈起来。(4)表示将要发生的事。如：I have guests coming.我有客人要来。（现在分词用作宾语补语）Its lovely to have chil
15、dren playing in the garden again.孩子们又来到园子里玩耍，这很有意思。(5)表示说服或命令某人做某事。如：He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her.他叫我为她做各种事情。(6)表示经过一段时间达到的效果。如：He had me swimming in a week.他一个星期就教会我游泳了。Ill have you speaking English in six months.我要你6个月内就开口讲英语。(7)表示容忍或允许某人做某事，主要用于否定式，常与wont, cant连用。如：I wont have you te
16、lling me what to do.我用不着你来对我指手画脚。She wont have the boys arriving late.她不允许这些男孩子迟到。(8)表示遭遇令have的主语不愉快的事。如：If film-stars put their numbers in telephone books they d have everyone ring them up.电影明星们如果把他们的电话号码列入电话簿，就会招致所有的人给他们打电话。If you dont put a fence round your garden youll have people walking in and
17、 stealing your fruit.如果你不把你的果园用篱笆围起来，人们会走进来偷摘果子。4.have+宾语+过去分词（作宾语补足语）(1)表示请（让）某人做某事，此时过去分词所表示的动作不是由主语执行的。如：They are having their house painted.他们的房子在被粉刷。Can I have this parcel weighed here?我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?(2)表示主语的经历或遭遇，这种动作往往是违背主语意愿的。如：He had his finger cut.他的手指弄伤了。He had his window broken to pieces
18、.他的窗户给打破了。(3)表示完成或解决某事，此时过去分词表示的动作主语也可能参加。如：We now have the problem solved.我们现已把这个问题解决了。We have your medicine prepared now.我们已把你的药准备好了。(4)表示拒绝或不允许发生某事，多与wont连用。如：I wont have anything said against her.我不允许谁说她的坏话。I wont have my house turned into a hotel.我不许把我的房子变成旅馆。使役动词make用法说明make用作使役动词，表示“使”，使用时注意以
19、下几点：1.后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时，不定式不能带to；但是，若make为被动语态，则不定式必须带to。如：Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然他曾经常把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。注意，若make不表示“使”，而表示其他意思则情况不同，比如下面两句，make后的不定式不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语：We make candles to give light.我们做蜡烛照明。He made a box to put his m
20、oney in.他做了个盒子来装钱。2.其后除可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语外，还可以接以下成分：(1)接过去分词作宾语补足语。如：He tried to make his ideas known.他设法让别人知道他的想法。She had to shout to make herself heard.她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。注意，其后通常不接现在分词作宾语补足语。如：他让司机在外面等他。误：He made the driver waiting for him outside.正：He had the driver waiting for him outside.(2)接形容词作宾语补
21、足语。如：Have I made myself clear?我的意思说清楚了吗?Well do our best to make you happy.我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。(3)接介词短语作宾语补足语。如：Sit down and make yourself at home.请坐，不要拘束。3.make(使)通常不接现在分词的复合结构作宾语。要表示使某人或某事一直做某事或处于做某事的状态中，英语可用have sb doing sth。如：他讲的滑稽的笑话使大家都笑了。误：His funny joke made everyone laughing.正：His funny joke made
22、everyone laugh.introduce表示“介绍”时的用法1.introduce表示“介绍”时的意思是to tell two or more people who have not met before what each others names are（告诉两个或多个原来未曾见面的人他们彼此的名字），或者是to tell the audience the name of the person who is going to speak or perform（告诉观众讲演者或演员的名字），也就是说，introduce表示“介绍”时，主要用于介绍两个不认识的互相认识，或是向听众或观众
23、宣布并介绍演讲者或广播、节目等的细节。如：Allow me to introduce my wife.让我介绍一下，这是我太太。It is my pleasure to introduce tonights speaker.我很荣幸来介绍今晚的演讲者。2.有时汉语中说“介绍”，其实是指“推荐”，此时应用recommend，而不能用introduce。如：Can you recommend me a good novel?你给我介绍一本好的小说行吗?Jamie sought out all inexpensive boarding-house recommended to him by a sa
24、ilor aboard ship.杰米找到了一个便宜的供膳宿舍，那是船上一名水手向他介绍的。3.经常听到有的人在表示“介绍情况”“介绍某学校”“介绍某国家”“介绍某机构”等场合使用introduce，其实也是对introduce的误用。如：班上的同学互相介绍自己的国家。误：The students in the class introduced their own countries to each other.正：The students in the class told each other about their own countries.现在我们的美国朋友要向大家介绍她自己的研究情
25、况。误：Our friend from America will now introduce her research to us.正：Our friend from America will now tell us about her research.莎士比亚的戏剧向我们介绍了当时生活的许多情况。误：Shakespeares plays introduce to us a lot about contemporary life.正：Shakespeares plays tell us a lot about contemporary life.会计向营业部的职员介绍了自己的工作情况。误：T
26、he accountant introduced his work to the sales staff.正：The accountant described his work to the sales staff.在今天晚上的节目中我们重点介绍德国。误：In tonights programme our focus is to introduce Germany.正：In tonights programme our focus is on Germany.4.其后习惯上不带双宾语，要表示把某人介绍给另一人，可用introduceto这样的结构。如：让我把我的朋友介绍给你。正：Let me introduce my friend to you.误：Let me introduce you my friend.汉语中说“作自我介绍”，英语用introduce oneself。如：Permit me to introduce myself.请允许我介绍自己。学科网（北京）股份有限公司