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1、高中英语语法:情态动词考点分析neednt have done与didnt need to do用法区别neednt have done 主要表示某事已经做了,但后来觉得没必要去做,因此常含有责备或遗憾之意;didnt need to do 则不具体表明某事是否做了(即可能做了也可能没有做,此用法中的need为实意动词):I got up early, but I neednt have done so, because I had no work to do that morning.我起床起得很早,但我本来不必起那么早的,因为我那天早上没什么事做。I didnt need to get u
2、p early this morning. so I staved in bed until9am.今天早上我不必早起,所以我一直睡到上午九点钟才起床。若没有特定的上下文,有时可能有歧义:I didnt need to go the office yesterday.(1)我昨天无需去那儿。(所以没去)(=I didnt have to go there yesterday.)(2)我昨天本来不必去那儿的。(但我却去了)=I neednt have gone there yesterday, )will与would七大用法归纳用法一:表示意愿will 表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿:
3、I will pay you at the rate you ask.我愿意照你要求的价钱付款。Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。He wouldnt help me yesterday.他昨天不愿帮助我。She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿同他们一起去。注意:(1)表示“意愿”的 will 有时可用于条件句中:If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意,我可以送你回家。(2)would也可表示现在的意愿,语气较委婉:Id go there with you. 我愿同你去
4、那儿。I wouldnt go. 我不会去。用法二:表示征求意见或提出请求主要用干第二人称的疑问句中,will和would均可用,would比时并不表过去,而表示委婉语气。Wont you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?Will would you please post the letter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗?Would Sunday night suit you?星期天晚上适合你吗?注意:(1)有时为使语气委婉,可用否定式。总的说来,用would比用wil1委婉,用wont和wouldnt比单独用will和would要委婉。(2)would
5、有时用于提出想法,通常与like,love,hate, prefer, be glad,be happy等连用,若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成shouldId like love to have a look at it. 我想看看它。I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天不想出去。用法三:表示习惯和倾向性will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯:Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水上。This window wont open. 这扇窗户经常打不开。Hell talk for hours. If you let
6、 him.你要让他讲,他会讲几个小时。The wound would not heal.(过去)伤口老不愈合。When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at al1. 有时他在那里一坐几个钟头,什么也不做。注意:有时would表示经常发生的令人不耐烦的事:Thats just like him-he would lose his keys! 他就是这样,老丢钥匙!用法四:表示推测will用于谈论现在,would可用于谈
7、论过去,也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉):This car will hold six people. 这辆小汽车可以坐六个人。Ask him.He will know 问问他吧,他大概知道。You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都会有本难念的经。The person you mentioned would be her father, is that right?你提的那个人想必是她的父亲,对吗?注意:有时可后接完成式,表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测:You will have he
8、ard of it. 你已经听到那事了吧。I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。用法五:表示执意或决心wil1表示现在的执意和决心,would表示过去的执意和决心:“Tell me the secret.” “I wont.”“把秘密告诉我。”“我才不哩。”I wont have anything said against her 我绝不让谁说她的坏话。He would do it, though I told him not to.虽然我叫他不要做,可是他偏要做。注意:此用法可视为表意愿的加强用法,即强烈的意愿即
9、为决心。用法六:其他用法will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等,而would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等:You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。Thats just what he would say. 他就是爱那样讲话。You would never do anything to hurt me. 你绝不会做伤害我的事的。用法七:would与虚拟条件句有时用would,可视为是省略了或包含有相关条件的虚拟语气:I might see her personally. It would be
10、better. 我可能亲自去看她,那样更好些。(=It would be better if I saw her personallyShed be stupid not to accept她不接受那才笨呢。(=She would be stupid if the didnt accept.)ought to的用法、注意及与相关词的区别一、ought to 的三条主要用法(1) ought to 表示义务或责任ought to 表示义务或责任时,其意为“应该”:We ought to leave at once. 我们应该马上离开。Such things ought not to be all
11、owed. 这类事不该容许。(2) ought to 表示建议或劝告ought to 表示建议或劝告时,其意为“应该”:You ought to see the new film. 你应该看看这部新电影。We oughtnt to take risks. 我们不宜于冒险。He said I ought to write an article about it.他说我应当写一篇文章谈这事。(3) ought to 表示推断ought to 表示推断时,其意为“应该”、“可能”:That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了。Ask
12、John. He ought to know. 问问约翰吧,他该知道。I ought to be fit for work next month. 下个月我想必可以工作了。注:用ought to表示推断时,语气较肯定,通常指的是一种合乎逻辑的可能性(与should表推断时相似),有时可译为“准是”(但语气比mus要弱):That ought to should be Janet coming upstairs now.正在上楼的准是珍妮特。二、ought to 后接动词所用形式根据不同情况ought to后可接不同的动词形式:1.接动词原形用于谈论现在或将来的情况。(见上例)(2) 接进行式:
13、用于谈论正在进行的事:You oughtnt to be talking so much,Annie.你不宜讲这么多话,安妮。It isnt what I ought to be doing. 这不是我现在应该做的事。有时表示将要发生的事(正如用进行时态表示将来一样):I ought to be going. 我该走了。We ought to be hearing from him soon.我们不久应当会接到他的信。(3) 接完成式用于过去的情况,可指过去已经发生的情况,也可接本该发生而实际上夫发生的情况:They ought to have arrived by now.他们现在应该已经到
14、了。I dont think you ought to have done that. 我想你不应该这样做的。三、使用ought to 的注意点(1) 在否定式中用ought not 或oughtnt,在疑问中将ought提到主语之前:He ought to go now, oughtnt he? 他现在该走了,是吗?(2) 在美国英语中ought to用于否定句和疑问句时可将to省略(但在肯定句中to不宜省)。另外,在省略句中也可以省去to:Ought we (to) have done it? 我们本该做此事吗?Ought I to go? Yes, you ought (to).”“我该
15、去吗?”“对,你该去。”四、ought to与 should的用法区别(1) 通常可互换一般说来,两者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重:You ought to should go and see Mary sometime. 你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。The train ought to should have arrived at six火车本应该6点钟到的。(2) 主要区别表示出干法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时,一般应用ought to,若用should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法:We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow.
16、but I dont think we will 明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽,但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。另外,在公告、须知或条例中,出干礼貌,常用should :You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不准在游泳池边奔跑。shall与should的九条用法1.shall在疑问句中的用法在疑回句中用干征求对方意见,主要用干第一人称(在英国英语中,也用干第三人称),其音为“要不要”、“好吗”。Shall I get you a chair for you?要不要我给你拿把椅子来?What shall we do this
17、evening?我们今天晚上做什么呢?Shall the boy come at once? 要不要这孩子马上来?2.shall在陈述句中的用法在陈述句表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等,主要用干第二、三人称:You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)That day shall come.那一天一定会来。(表必然性)Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow告诉他这本书明天给他。(表允诺)Personsunder18 shall not be employed in night work
18、不满十八岁的人不得雇佣干夜间工作。(表规定【注】有时用于第一人称,表示决心:I shall return.我一定回来。(表示决心)3.should表示义务或责任should表示义务或责任时,其意为“应该”:We should learn from each other. 我们应该互相帮助。We should help the aged. 我们应该帮助老人。You should pay your debts. 你应该还债。4. should 表示建议或劝告should表示建议或劝告时,其意为“应该”:You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。You should go
19、and ask your teacher 你应该去问问老师。【注】有时语气较强,含有命令的意味:You should leave at once. 你应该马上离开 。5. should 表示推断should 表示推断时,其意为“应该”、“可能”:They should be there by now, I think. 我想现在他们都已经到了。The concert should be great fun.音乐会应该很有意思。The poems should be out in a month or so.个把月之后这些诗估计就可以出版了。With an early start he shou
20、ld be here by noon.动身得早,他中午就该到这里了。【注】should表示推断时,语气较肯定,通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理),而may,might,could等表示推测时,则语气较不肯定,尤其是might.could。请看1998年一道高考题:When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. They be ready by 12:00.A.canB.shouldC. mightD. need在四个备选项中,A、B和C均表示推测,但A通常不用于肯定句中表示推测,故不宜选;B和
21、C虽均可用于肯定句表示推测,但根据对话情景顾客下午要照片,如果店主中午12点还不能把照片冲洗出来,那么生意肯定难做成,所以店主应用肯定语气较强的should(=应该来回答顾客,而不是用语气较弱的might(=有可能),即应选B不选C。6.should 用于征求意见should 用于征求意见时,主要用于第一人称的疑问句形式:Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?Where should I meet you tonight? 我今晚该到哪儿与你见面 ?What should we do now? 我们现在该干什么呢 ?【注】该用法与Shall I(we).?的用法
22、相似。7.should 表示谦逊或委婉should表示谦逊或委婉,通常与like, love, think, say, imagine等动词连用:I should like to know why. 我想知道这是为什么。I should say shes over forty. 我想他有40多岁了。I should think its too expensive. 我看这太贵了。I should imagine it will take about three hours.我想得花大约三个小时。8. should表示意外或惊讶Its strange that he should come so
23、 late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。Im sorry that this should have happened. 我很遗憾竟然发生这种事。Im surprised that he should say so. 他竟这样说,这使我很惊讶。有时与why, who, how 等疑问词连用:Why should you think that way? 你为什么会那样想?How should I know?我怎么会知道?Who should come in but my old friend Betty!我当是谁进来时,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀!9.should后所接动词形式根据不同情况should
24、后可接不同的动词形式:(1)接动词原形,用于谈论现在或将来的情况。(见上例)(2)接进行式,用于谈论正在进行的事:He should be working now. 他现在应该在工作。【注】有时表示将要发生的事(与进行式表示将来意义相似)We should be leaving soon. 我们应该马上走。(比用should leave 委婉)(3)接完成式,用于过去的情况,可指过去已经发生的情况,也可接本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。The train should have already lent.火车大概已经开走了吧。You should not have left so soon. 你本不该那么早就走的。学科网(北京)股份有限公司