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1、高考英语名词性从句之同位语从句精讲同位语从句学习指要当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。如:The news that China has joined the WTO excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。同位语中应注意:1.高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多,常见的有:answer, belief, conclusion, decis
2、ion, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如:He sent us a message that he wont come next week.
3、他送信来告诉我们说,下周他不来了。There is no doubt that he is fit for this job. 毫无疑问,它适合这一工作。2.表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语,须用虚拟语气。如:He made clear his desire that he should work har
4、d to go to college. 他已清楚的表明了他要努力学习考上大学这一愿望。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下来了,所有的人不得违犯制度。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同,具体表现在以下几个方面:(1)被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。(2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词名词的限制、描绘或说明。(3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的
5、that是连词,在从句中不担任任何成分,但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中担任句子的某种成分,当担任定语从句中的宾语时,that可以省略。(4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导;而同位从句可以用what,how, whether引导。(5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。同位语从句与定语从句的区别(一)同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同,具体表现在以下几个方面:1.被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
6、2.从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。3.引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。4.引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。5.判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。同位语从句与定语从句的区别(二)一、从句法功能上来看同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分,也没有词汇含义,只起连接作用
7、,其作用大致相当于一个冒号;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。如:I hold the belief that where there is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句,它在从句中不充当句子成分)The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句,它在从句中充当宾语)二、从意义上来看同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的,两者之间可以划等号;而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的,中心词所表达的内容不
8、等于定语从句所表达的内容。如:He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day. (that引导的是同位语从句,其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句,其中the factorywe visited last month.)三、从中心名词上来看同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些
9、表示概括意义的抽象名词,这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question等。而定语从句中的中心名词是没有限定的。如:四、从that是否可以省略来看引导同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略,而在定语从句中,that作宾语时,可以省略。另外,引导定语从句的that若指事物,它可以用which来代替,而在同位语从句中,that永远不能用which替代。同位语从句的引
10、导词问题最常用的引导词用以引导同位语从句的最常用的连词是that。如:The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong.你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。有时也可以用whether、连接代词或连接副词等来引导。如:It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。Do you have any idea where he lives?你知道他住在哪
11、里吗?She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.她不明白她为什么突然想到了他。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。同位语从句可以用if引导吗表示“是否”的whether可以引导同位语从句,但是与之同义的if不能用于引导同位语从句。如:他是否会来还不一定。误:There is some doubt if he will come.正:There is some doubt whether he will come.让我
12、们来讨论是否该做的问题吧。正:Lets discuss the question if we should do it.正:Lets discuss the question whether we should do it.同位语从句可以用which引导吗大家知道,在定语从句中,若先行词为指事物的名词,有时既可用that来引导定语从句,也可用which来引导定语从句,但在同位语从句中,习惯上要用that,而不用which。如:我坚信他会获胜。误:I hold a firm belief which he will win.正:I hold a firm belief that he will
13、win.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。误:Ive come to the conclusion which it was unwise to do that.正:Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.同位语从句可以用what引导吗what不能用于引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句,尤其用于idea之后。如:Have you any idea what time it starts?你知道什么时候开始吗?I didnt have the faintest idea what you meant.我一点也不明白你是什么意思。Do you have any idea what it means to be poor?你知道贫穷意味着什么吗?学科网(北京)股份有限公司