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1、中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题 目： 论中西方饮食文化的差异 姓 名 ： 00000 班级、学号 ： 000000000 系 (部) ： 经济管理系 专 业 ： 商务英语 指导教师 ： 00000000 开题时间： 2009-4-10 完成时间： 2009-11-3 2009 年 11 月 3 日20目 录毕业设计任务书1毕业设计成绩评定表2答辩申请书3-5正文6-21答辩委员会表决意见22答辩过程记录表23课 题 论中西方饮食文化差异 一、 课题(论文)提纲0.引言1.中西方饮食文化的渊源1.1中西方饮食文化差异产生的原因 1.2中西方饮食文化的现状2.中西方饮食文化的差异2.1 饮
2、食观念的差异2.1.1 西方的饮食观念2.2.2 中国的饮食观念2.2饮食对象的差异2.3 饮食方式的差异2.3.1 宴会上不同的饮食方式2.3.2 自助餐上不同的饮食方式2.4 饮食特征的差异2.5 本质上的差异3.总结 二、内容摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。就中西方的饮食而言，由于文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化的差异。 文章首先介绍了中西文化饮食的现状,以及饮食文化产生的原因,然后从饮食观念,饮食特征,饮食对象等方面分析了中西方饮食文化的差异,最后对中西方饮食文化的未来进行了探讨。通过研究这些差异，我们可以了解中西方各
3、自的文化传统,促进中西文化交流,同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。Abstract：Diet is absolutely necessary in the existence and development in the life of mankind. In the development of human society, the national diet has gradually formed its own unique culture.On the diet between China and west, the Chinese and western diet cultures
4、are different because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions. The paper describes the present between Chinese and western diet cultures and the cause to the differences, then analysis the differences from some aspects such as diet concepts, diet targets, diet features and
5、 so on. Finally, it talks about the future between Chinese and western diet cultures. By the analysis of the differences, we can comprehend the diet cultures of China and the west, and facilitate culture communication, we can also improve culture of China. 三、 参考文献1徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化M.北京：中国戏剧出版社, 20052徐先
6、玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化M.北京：中国戏剧出版社, 20054陈洁.得心应手-西餐礼仪M.北京：世界知识出版社, 20055刘枋.吃的艺术M.山东:山东画报出版社,2003On Differences Between Chinese And Western Dietary Cultures000000中文摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。就中西方的饮食而言，由于文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化的差异. 文章首先介绍了中西文化饮食的现状,以及饮食文化产生的原因,然后从饮食观念,饮食特征,饮食对象等方面分析了中西方饮食文化的差异,最
7、后对中西方饮食文化的未来进行了探讨.通过研究这些差异，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统,促进中西文化交流,同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。关键词:饮食文化;文化传统;差异 IntroductionChinese and Western diet store difference of all kinds in a great deal of, certainly these differences have a relativity, the exchange of the culture between east and west for thousands of years facilit
8、ates the constant integration of the China and Western dietary culture too. Cross-cultural communication under the globalize situation make various constant complementation and compatibility of dietary culture. Today, enjoying the diet with characteristics between east and west has already become th
9、e customary thing in contemporary peoples daily life. We see western oceangoing ships such as French sumptuous meal, McDonald, Kentucky and so on. Everywhere on the street, and Chinese restaurant opened all over the whole world. The exchange of the dietary culture is existing in our daily life, and
10、is making culture of global economy to combine in the course constantly, “belt conveyor “between different cultures. It has already become a kind of influence of enhanced culture day by day, is producing the function with much more greatly single more strength than any other globalization, also chan
11、ging the whole world silently. The exchange of the cooking culture, need mutual understanding between different culture and appreciate, it is a cross-cultural communication category, and it is that one kind is not a language behavior. Studying the diet cultural difference in cross-cultural communica
12、tion will make people promote mutual understanding, enjoy different feeling that different diet brings, promote the exchange, complementation between cultures and merge.1. The Origin of china and western dietary cultures1.1 The causes to the differences between China and western Food is an indispens
13、able condition for the survival and development of human beings. As one of the world ancient nations, chinas diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did. Due
14、 to different ways of thinking and the matter of philosophy. Chinese Focus on “heaven” degree, With the opposite, westerners emphasis on “People-oriented”.These lead to differences between china and western dietary cultures2.2 The Present of China and western dietary culturesChina is the country of
15、a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions. She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive; in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures. On the diet between china and west, there exist various differences betw
16、een Chinese and western dietary cultures. But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the KFC DICOS, McDonald. This marks a new west
17、ern dietary culture exchanges and infiltration. We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.1.Differences in dietary cultures2.1 Differences in conceptsThe Chinese and western diet have the differences
18、 that cannot be ignored in concepts. Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day. Comparing with the Chinese di
19、et, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition. And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.2.2.1 The concept of diet in the west countries The concept of western diet is compatible with the
20、whole western philosophy. Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development. In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle
21、, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere. In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials. But no matter how luxurious
22、 the grade is; from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. And as dishes, the chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. In a dish of French Muttonchops, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it,
23、 another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear. 2.2.2 The concept of diet in ChinaChinese diet is a sense of beauty diet. When p
24、eople sample dishes, they often say this dish is delicious, and that dish is not delicious. But if you ask what is meant by delicious, why tasty and what are the aspects of delicious, I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer. This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “
25、mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. Even using the color, flavor, shape and implement which people often said to make the realm reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown all. The beauty pursuit of Chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit. This concept of
26、diet is also coinciding with the traditional Chinese philosophy. Chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive. Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste.
27、 The main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination. It contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the charac
28、teristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.2.2 Differences in targetsAll diet cannot be done without vegetables. The word dish is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants. According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 6
29、00 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food. Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of fresh vegetables.Chinese people consider the vegeta
30、bles as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists. They deem animals as people and plants have no soul. So, they advocate vegetarianism. Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit. They uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. Living mainly by fishi
31、ng and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. There are more meat dishes in their lives. Feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals. When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they alwa
32、ys feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China. The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller t
33、han Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. C
34、hinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist. Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. Also
35、 China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. The Chinese vegetarians all eat tofu. Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has. It is the meat without toxic materials. So the Chinese are
36、 vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish. So there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition. And the transfer will not carry out in a sho
37、rt time. Mr. Suns words tell out the scientific benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet. According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners is animal ch
38、aracter. In response to the cultural behaviors, Westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the Chinese people only like to live banally. According to American expert on folklore Ruths opinions on the cultural pattern theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-t
39、ype character and Westerners is similar to the modern world Faust-type. Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies. The Chinese people are always thinking about home and ro
40、ots, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home. But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots. This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet.
41、 Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.2.2 Differences in Patterns2.2.1 Differences in banquetThe Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character. In China, a celebration, no matt
42、er what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. Cate are in the center of the table. It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate o
43、f communication. People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity. Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national happy mentalit
44、y, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of and impact for future generations. It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. Th
45、e core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like
46、men and women dancing. This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors.2.2.2 Differences in buffet dinnerThe more o
47、bvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West. This method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. They walk freely. This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individua
48、ls; they never need to put every word on the table. This also shows a western personality and self-respect. However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people. Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible. The Chinese