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1、04 上（66） data effectively is crucial for success in todays competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools.Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the（67） in hardware an
2、d software （68） integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects.（69）integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains.（70） provides an overview of the program written in “plain” English , without the computersy
3、ntax.（66）A. GeneralizingB. SharingC. General-usingD.Globalizing（67）A. similarityB. interoperabilityC. diversityD.interaction（68）A. SimulatedB. DuplicatedC.DynamicD.Static（69）A. LinkedB. pointedC.DynamicD.Static（70）A.High-level languageB.Decision tree C.PseudocodeD.Flowchart参考译文在当今的竞争环境下，要想取得成功，有效地共享
4、数据是十分重要的。管理人员必须知道如何使用一系列不同的工具。数据集成使来自不同数据源的数据以一种有效和有用的方式组合在一起。这种集成面临的一个困难就是软硬件的多样性问题。静态集成使用一个包含其他主题的基础文档，动态集成使用它所包含的源文档的当前或最近的版本。伪代码通过使用简单易懂的，不带有计算机语法的英语，为程序提供了一个概貌。参考答案（66）B （67）C （68）D （69）C （70）C 04 下Networks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer, networks can be conne
5、cted by （66） or hubs,which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches，which operate at data link layer.They can accept（67）, examine the MAC address,and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the
6、process. In the network layer,we have routers that can connect two networks.If two networks have （68） network layer,the router may be able to translate between the packet formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally,in the
7、application layer,application gateways translate message（69）.As an example,gateways between Internet e-mail and X.400 e-mail must（70）the e-mail message and change various header fields.（66）A.reapersB.relaysC.connectorsD.modems（67）A.framesB.packetsC.packagesD.cells（68）A.specialB.dependentC.similarD.d
8、issimilar（69）A.syntaxB.semanticsC.languageD.format（70）A.analyzeB.parseC.deleteD.create参考译文网络可以用不同的设备互连。在物理层，用中继器或集线器互连，这些设备只是在相同 的网络之间传送比特串。在上面的数据链路层，可以使用网桥或交换机，这些设备接收数据 帧，检查MAC 地址，并可以实现少量的协议转换，把数据帧转发到不同的网络中。在网络层，我们使用路由器连接两个网络。如果两上网络的网络层不同，路由器能够对分组格式进行转换。在传输层，我们使用传输风头，它可以在两个传输连接之间建立接口。最后，在应用层，应用网关实现
9、消息语法之间的翻译。例如，在Internet 邮件和X.400 邮件之间的网关可以对邮件报文进行语法分析，对报文的各个报头字段做出改变。参考答案（66）A （67）A （68）D （69）A （70）B 05 上DOM is a platform-and language-（66） API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of WWW documents （currently, definitions for HTML and X
10、ML documents are part of the specification）. The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented（67）. DOM is a（68）-based API to documents,which requires the whole document to be represented in（69） while processing it.A simpler alternat
11、ive to DOM is the event-based SAX,which can be used to process very large （70） documents that do not fit info the memory available for processing.（66）AspecificBneutralCcontainedDrelated（67）AtextBimageCpageDgraphic（68）AtableBtreeCcontrolDevent（69）AdocumentBprocessorCdiscDmemory（70）AXMLBHTMLCscriptDwe
12、b参考译文DOM 是一种与平台和语言无关的应用程序接口（API），它可以动态地访问程序和脚本，更新其内容、结构和 WWW 文档的风格（目前，HTML 和 XML 文档是通过说明部分定义的）。文档可以进一步被处理，处理的结果可以加入到当前的页面。DOM 是一种基于树的API 文档，它要求在处理过程中整个文档都表示在存储器中。另外一种简单的 API 是基于事件的 SAX，它可以用于处理很大的 XML 文档，由于大，所以不适合全部放在存储器中处理。参考答案（66）B （67）C （68）B （69）D （70）A 05 下MIDI enables people to use （66） compute
13、rs and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to MIDI, the communications （67） , the Hardware Interface and a distribution（68） called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the （69） Format. In principle, MIDI files contain seque
14、nces of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol （70） are stored in MIDI files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the mostcommon use of MIDI today.（66）A. personalB. electronicC. multimediaD. network（67）A. deviceB. protoc
15、olC. networkD. controller（68）A. formatB. textC. waveD. center（69）A. VideoB. FaxmailC. GraphicD. Audio（70）A. messagesB. packetsC. frameD. information参考译文MIDI 使得人们能够使用多媒体计算机和电子乐器。实际上MIDI 有 3 种元素：通信协议、硬件接口和被称为标准MIDI 文件的发布格式。在WWW 环境中，最重要的元素是音频格式。在原理上，MIDI 文件包含了MIDI 协议报文序列。然而当MIDI 协议报文被存储在 MIDI 文件中时，事件都被
16、加上了时间戳，以便于按照适当的顺序回放。由MIDI 文件提供的音乐是MIDI 当前最通常的应用。参考答案（66）C （67）B （68）A （69）D （70）A 06 上Originally introduced by Netscape Communications,（66）are a general mechanism which HTTP Server side applications, such as CGI （67）, can use to both store and retrieve information on the HTTP （68） side of the connec
17、tion. Basically, Cookies can be used to compensate for the （69） nature of HTTP. The addition of a simple, persistent, client-side state significantly extends thecapabilities of WWW-based （70）.（66）ABrowsersBCookiesCConnectionsDScripts（67）AgraphicsBprocessesCscriptsDtexts（68）AClientBEditorCCreatorDSer
18、ver（69）AfixedBflexibleCstableDstateless（70）AprogramsBapplicationsCframeworksDconstrains参考译文Cookies 原来是由Netscape 公司引入的，这是 HTTP 服务器方应用程序的一种通信机制， 就像CGI 脚本一要产，它可以由HTTP 连接的客户方用于存储和检索信息。Cookies 的基本功能是弥补HTTP 无状态的缺陷。它能通过简单而持续地维护客户方的状态来扩展基于WWW 的应用能力。参考答案（66）B （67）C （68）A （69）D （70）B06 下NAC（sNetwork Access Co
19、ntrol）role is to restrict network access to only compliant endpoints and（66） usersHowever, NAC is not a complete LAN （67） solution; additional proactive and（68） security measures must be implementedNevis is the first and only comprehensive LAN security solution that combines deep security processing
20、 of every packet at 100Gbps, ensuring a high level of security plus application availability and performanceNevis integrates NAC as the first line of LAN security （69） In addition to NAC，enterprises need to implement role-based network access control as well as critical proactive security measures-r
21、eal-time, multilevel （70） inspection and microsecond threat containment（66）AautomatedBdistinguishedCauthenticatedDdestructed（67）AcrisisBsecurityCfavorableDexcellent（68）AconstructiveBreductiveCreactiveDproductive（69）AdefenseBintrusionCinbreakDprotection（70）AportBconnectionCthreatDinsurance参考译文网络访问控制（
22、NAC）的作用是限制对网络的访问，只允许注册的终端和认证的用户 访问网络。然而 NAC 不是一个完整的 LAN 安全解决方案，另外还要实现主动的和被动的安全手段。Nevis 是第一个也是仅有的全面的LAN 安全解决方案，它以10Gbps 的速率对每一个分组进行深度的安全处理，在提供高级别安全的同时能保证网络应用的可利用性和适当的性能。Nevis 集成了NAC 作为LAN 的第一道安全防线。此外，企业还需要实现基于角色的网络访问控制以及起关键作用的主动安全测试 -实时的多级安全威胁检测和微妙级的安全威胁堵截。集中的安全策略配置、管理和报告使其能够迅速地对问题进行分析，对用户的 活动进行跟踪，这些
23、都是实时可见的，也是历史可查的。参考答案（66）C （67）B （68）C （69）A （70）C 07 上（71） analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the（72） for designing and constructing an improved system. （73） is such a techniq
24、ue. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Systems analysts draw a series of process models called （74）. （75） is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.（71）A. PrototypingB. AcceleratedC. Model-drivenD. Iterative（72）A. imageB. pict
25、ureC. layoutD. blueprint（73）A. Structured analysisB. Information EngineeringC. Discovery PrototypingD. Object-Oriented analysis（74）A. PERTB. DFDC. ERDD. UML（75）A. Structured analysisB. Information EngineeringC. Discovery PrototypingD. Object-Oriented analysis参考译文模型驱动的分析方法强调通过绘制图形化的系统模型来说明和验证已有的或待开发的
26、系统。这些系统模型最终会成为设计和构建改进后的系统的蓝图。结构化分析就是这样一种方法，它是以过程为中心的。在结构化分析方法中，系统分析员所绘制的一系列过程模型被称为 DFD。面向对象分析是另外一种模型驱动的分析方法，它将数据和过程统一到了一个被称为“对象”的结构中。参考答案（71）C （72）D （73）A （74）B （75）D 07 下The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software de
27、velopment. The notions of（71） and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions-time and content. In the time dimension, the software lifecycle is broken into cycles.Each cycle is divided into four consecutive （72） which is
28、 concluded with a well-defined（73） and can be further broken down into （74）-a complete development loop resulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the final product under development, which grows incrementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the discipli
29、nes, which group （75） logically by nature.（71）A. artifactsB. use-casesC. actorsD. workers（72）A. orientationsB. viewsC. aspectsD. phases（73）A. milestoneB. end-markC. measureD. criteria（74）A. roundsB. loopsC. iterationsD. circularities（75）A. functionsB. workflowsC. actionsD. activities参考译文RUP（Rational
30、 Unified Process）是一种软件工程过程产品，它吸取了现代软件开发中许多成功的实践。事实证明，采用用例（use-cases）和剧情（scenarios）捕获目标系统的功能需求是一种较好的办法。可以采用二维模型来描述RUP-时间和内容。从时间维来看，软件生存周期被划分为不同的周期（cycles）。每个周期又被划分为四个连续的阶段（phase），每个阶段都包含一个妥善定义的里程碑（milestone）；每个阶段还可以被进一步划分为若干轮迭代（iterations）。一次迭代是一次完整的开发过程，每次迭代结束时会发布一个可执行的产品，这个产品是正在开发的软件系统的一个子集，它会逐渐扩展为
31、最终系统。内容结构指 的是一些将活动（activities）组织在一起的、天然存在的规则。参考答案（71）B （72）D （73）A （74）C （75）DObject-oriented analysis (OOA) is a semiformal specification technique for the object-oriented paradigm.Object-oriented analysis consists of three steps. The first step is （71）. It determines how the various results are co
32、mputed by the product and presents this information in the form of a（72） and associated scenarios. The second is （73）, which determines the classes and their attributes, then determines the interrelationships and interaction among the classes. The last step is（74）,which determines the actions perfor
33、med by or to each class or subclass and presents this information in the form of （75）.（71）A. use-case modelingB. class modelingC. dynamic modelingD. behavioral modeling（72）A. collaboration diagramB. sequence diagramC. use-case diagramD. activity diagram（73）A. use-case modelingB. class modelingC. dyn
34、amic modelingD. behavioral modeling（74）A. use-case modelingB. class modelingC. dynamic modelingD. behavioral modeling（75）A. activity diagramB. component diagramC. sequence diagramD. state diagram参考译文面向对象的分析（OOA）是一种面向对象范型的半形式化描述技术。面向对象的分析 包括 3 个步骤：第 1 眇是用例建模，它决定了如何由产品得到各项计算结果，并以用例图和相关场景的方式展现出来；第 2 步是
35、类建模，它决定了类及其属性，然后确定类之间的关系和交互；第 3 步是动态建模，它决定了类或每个子类的行为，并以状态图的形式进行表示。参考答案（71）A （72）C （73）B （74）C （75）D 08 下It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended question. （71） is a means to capture ideas, relationships, decisions, and req
36、uirements in a well-defined notation that can be applied to many different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to convey. In general, a UML model is made up of one or more（72）. A diagram g
37、raphically represents things, and the relationships between these things. These（73） can be representations of real-world objects, pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is common for an individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram repre
38、sents a particular interest, or view, of the thing being modeled. UML2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams.（74） are used to capture the physical organization of the things in your system, i.e., how one object relates to another. （75） focus on the behav
39、ior of elements in a system. For example, you can use behavioral diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（71）A. ProgrammingB. AnalyzingC. DesigningD. Modeling（72）A. viewsB. diagramsC. user viewsD. structure pictures（73）A. thingsB. picturesC. languagesD.
40、diagrams（74）A. Activity diagramsB. Use-case diagramsC. Structural diagramsD. Behavioral diagrams（75）A. Activity diagramsB. Use-case diagramsC. Structural diagramsD. Behavioral diagrams参考译文UML 的核心关注内容是建模。然而建模是一个开放性的问题。建模是采用合适并预先定义的符号来描述捕获的思想、关系、决策和需求，并且建模可应用到多个领域。建模对不同的人有不同的含义，可以使用UML 中不同的部分来描述你所要涵盖的
41、内容。一般来说， UML 模型是由一个或者多个diagram 组成。一个 diagram 使用图形化的方式描述了事物以及事物之间的关系，而事物代表了真实世界中的对象、软件构件或对象行为。一个独立的事物 常常会在多个diagarm 中展现，每个 diagram 建模了该事物的不同方面。UML2.0 将 diagram 分为两大类：结构化 diagram 和行为 diagram。结构化 diagram 主要用于捕获系统的物理组织结构，如一个对象与其他对象的关系。行为diagram 则用于捕获需求、操作以及元素内部状态的变化。参考答案（71）D （72）B （73）A （74）C （75）D 09
42、上For nearly ten years, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been the industry standard for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the （71） of a software-intensive system. As the （72） standard modeling language, the UML facilitates communication and reduces confusion among project
43、（73） The recent standardization of UML 2.0 has further extended the languages scope and viability. Its inherent expressiveness allows users to （74） everything from enterprise information systems and distributed Web-based applications to real-time embedded systems.The UML is not limited to modeling s
44、oftware.In fact, it is expressive enough to model（75） systems, such as workflow in the legal system, the structure and behavior of a patient healthcare system, software engineering in aircraft combat systems, and the designof hardware. To understand the UML, you need to form a conceptual model of th
45、e language, and this requires learning three major elements: the UMLs basic building blocks, the rules that dictate how those building blocks may be put together, and some common mechanisms that apply throughout the UML.（71）A. classesB. componentsC. sequencesD. artifacts（72）A. realB. legalC. de fact
46、oD. illegal（73）A. investorsB. developersC. designersD. stakeholders（74）A. modelB. codeC. testD. modify（75）A.non-hardwareB. non-softwareC. hardwareD. software参考译文近十年来，统一建模语言（UML）已经成为工业标准，它可用来可视化、规范化说明、构建以及文档化软件密集系统中的开发制品。作为事实上的工业标准，UML 能够方便项目相关人员的沟通并减少理解上的二义问题。UML2.0 标准扩宽了该语言的应用范围，它所具有的表达能力能够让用户对企业信息
47、系统、分布式 Web 系统和嵌入式实时系统进行建模。UML 不仅能够对软件系统进行建模，实际上，它具有足够的能力去对法律系统中的工作流、病人监护系统中的结构和行为、飞行战斗系统和硬件系统进行建模。为了理解UML，需要具备该语言的概念模型，这需要学习三个主要元素：UML 的基本构造块，基本构造块的关系规则和应用这些构造块与规则的通用机制。参考答案（71）D （72）C （73）D （74）A （75）B 09 下Why is （71） fun? What delights may its practitiopect as his reward? First is the sheer joy of making things. As the child delights in his mud pie, so the adult enjoys building things, especially things of his own design. Second is the pleasure of making things that are useful to other people. Third is the fascination of fashioning complex puzzle-like objects of