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1、全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题PARTA2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题TextlKing Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings dont abdicate,they dare in their sleep.Butembarrass-ingscandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words andstand down.So,does the Spanish cris
2、is suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing ison the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularlyplorised,as it was following t
3、he end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above mere”politics and“embody”aspirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity polarized.And also,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with 1
4、0 kingdoms(not countingVatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families havesurvived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a down
5、side.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,theirvery history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges andinequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth,
6、it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heartof modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesseshave day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters).Even so,these are wealt
7、hy families who party with theinternational 1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,it is the Britishroyals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only
8、 the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled)granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a prettyhierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived becau
9、se theyprovide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as Englishhistory shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchys worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlos of SpainA eased his relationship with his rivals
10、Bused turn enjoy high public supportC was unpopular among European royalsDended his reign in embarrassment22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostlyA to give voter more public figures to look up toB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityCowing to their undoubted and respecta
11、ble statusDduc to their everlasting political embodiment23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocrats9 excessive reliance on inherited wealthB The role of the nobility in modern democraciesC The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families第 1 页全国硕士研究生入学统一 考试英语试
12、题PARTADThe nobilitys adherence to their privileges24.The British royals“have most to fearv because CharlesAfails to adapt himself to his future roleB fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC takes republicans as his potential alliesD takes a rough line on political issues25.Which of the following i
13、s the best title of the text?A Carlos,Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC Carlos,a Lesson for All European MonarchsDCharles,Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Court will now consider wh
14、etherpolice can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during anarrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the oldassumption that authorities may search through the possessions of susp
15、ects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,thestate argues,forjudges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California advice.Enough of the implications arediscernable,even obvious,so that the justices can and should p
16、rovide updated guidelines to police,lawyers anddefendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone avast storehouse of digital information is similar to,say,rifling through a suspeefs purse.The court has ruled thatpolice dont violate the
17、Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without awarrant.But exploring ones smart phone is more like entering his or her home.A smart phone may contain anarrestees reading history,financial history,medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspond
18、ence.The development of“cloud computing/9 meanwhile,has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.But keeping sensitive infonnation on these devicesis increasingly a requirement of normal life.Citizens still have a right to expect private d
19、ocuments to remain privateand protected by the Constitution prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case,stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing.In many cases,it wouldnot be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents.T
20、hey could still invalidateFourth Amendment protections when facing severe,urgent circumstances,and they could take reasonable measuresto ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.The court,though,may want to allowroom for police to cite situations where they are ent
21、itled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimesdemands novel applications of the Constitutions protections.Orin Kerr,a law professor,compares the explosionand accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the est
22、ablishment of automobile use as a virtualnecessity of life in the 20th:The justices had to specify novel niles fbr the new personal domain of the passenger carthen;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme Court will work out whether,during an arre
23、st,it is legitimate toA prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.第2页全国硕士研究生入学统一 考试英语试题PARTAB search for suspects9 mobile phones without a warrant.C check suspects?phone contents without being authorized.Dprohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The authors attitude toward Calif
24、ornias argument is one ofA disapproval.B indifference.C tolerance.Dcautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring ones phone contents is comparable toAgoing through ones wallet.Bhandling ones historical records.Cscanning ones correspondences.Dgetting into ones residence.29.In Paragraph 5and 6,th
25、e author shows his concern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.Cphones are used to store sensitive information.Dcitizens privacy is not effectively protected.30.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate thatAprinciples of the Constitu
26、tion should never be alteredB new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.CJCalifornias argument violates principles of the Constitution.Dthe Constitution should be implemented flexibly.Text3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review proces
27、s,editor-in-chiefMarcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concernthat basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published i
28、n our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board ofreviewing editors(SBoRE).Manuscript will be flagNed up fbr additional scrutiny by the joumaPs internal editors,orby its existing Board of Revi
29、ewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find externalstatisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:The creation of the statisticsboard9 was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistic
30、s and data analysis in scientific researchand is part of?Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory
31、role.He agreed to join because he found the foresightbehind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will notonly be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that maywant to model the
32、ir approach after Science.John loannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is a most welcome stepforward”and“long overdue.4tMost journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what第3页全国硕士研究生入学统 考试英语试题PARTAthey publish.I think that,for the majo
33、rity of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential thanexpert review,he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine,the Journal ofthe American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists
34、 are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly commonin published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,hewrote in 2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,engaging reviewers who are statistically litera
35、te andeditors who can verify the process”.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has somemerit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify 4the papers that need scrutiny,inthe first place.31.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 thatA Scienc
36、e intends to simplify their peer-review process.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C few journals are blamed fbr mistakes in data analysis.D lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32.The phrase flagged up”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning toA found.B revised.C marked
37、.D stored.33.Giovanni Pannigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE mayA pose a threat to all its peers.B meet with strong opposition.C increase Sciences circulation.Dset an example fbr other journals.34.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA adds to researchers9 workload.B dimin
38、ishes the role of reviewers.C has room fbr further improvement.Dis to fail in the foreseeable future35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.B Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors
39、DesksD Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago,Rupert Murdochs daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the unsettling dearth of integrity across somany of our institutions Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the onlysorting mechanism“in society should
40、 be profit and the market.But its us,human beings,we the people whocreate the society we want,not profitDriving her point home,she continued:Its increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a morallanguage within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for c
41、apitalism and第4页全国硕士研究生入学统一 考试英语试题PARTAfreedom.,This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,shield thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty ones-
42、editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,fbrconspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge-the winderissue of dearth of integrity still standstill,Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industr
43、ial scale,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of theWorld in 2001 to be the point person fbr phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking butthe terms
44、on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew ofwhat went on in her newsroom,wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the storiesarrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today5s world,t
45、itle has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable fbr whathappens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collectivedoctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are
46、efficiency,flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers,circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understa
47、nding to be fair in what waswritten or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest fbr circulation and impact.Ms Brooksmay or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave noinstructions-nor received traceable,recorded ans
48、wers.36.According to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset byA the consequences of the current sorting mechanismB companies9 financial loss due to immoral practices.C governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.Dthe wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Parag
49、raph 3 thatA Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crimeB more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes the Rebekah Bookss deferenceA was hardly convincingB c
50、entered on trivial issuesCrcvealed a cunning personalityD was part of a conspiracy39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine showsAa marginalized lifestyleB unfair wealth distributionC generally distorted valuesD a rigid moral cote40.Which of the following is suggested in the last para