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1、南开大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题L Vocabulary and Grammar(30 points,1 for each.)Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choicesmarked A,B,C,and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.Professor W
2、u traveled and lectured throughout the country to education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.A.prosecute B.acquire C.proclaim D.advocate2.Even if they are on sale,the refrigerators are equal in price to,if not more expensive thanat the other store.A.anyone B.the oth
3、ers C.the ones D.that3.Jean W agners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistencethat it in a religious,as well as worldly,frame of reference.A.is to be analyzed B.has been analyzedC.be analyzed D.should have been analyzed4.Because we had eaten turkey on Thanksgi
4、ving for so many years,we never wondered whethersome other dish might be an equally tasty.A.alternative B.altercation C.alteration D.allusion5.The basic theory of government rests on the assumption that men have naturally interests.A.competitive B.conflicting C.contentions D.combative6.Most substanc
5、es contract when they freeze so that the density of substance s solid isof its liquid.A.than the higher density B.higher than the densityC.the density is higher than that D.the higher the density7.The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A.to be robbed B.robbedC.to hav
6、e been robbed D.having been robbed8.The terrified hunter,in the arms of a huge bear,fought desperately to loosen itsgrip.A.clutched B.clasped C.grasped D.seized9.Too much to X-rays can cause skin bums,cancer or other damage to the body.A,disclosure B.exhibition C.contact D.exposure10.Share prices on
7、 the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but slightly inthe afternoon.A.recovered B.restored C.regained D.retained11.Women1 s central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been o-verlooked more often than it has been.A.acknowledged B.emphasized C.memorized D
8、.associated7212.The neighbors became suspicious when they noticed that his car was for twoweeks.A.stationary B.stationery C.immobile D.unmoved13.During World War II the Allies suffered a long of defeats before they finally a-chieved victory.A.suppression B.compulsion C.succession D.compression14.The
9、 silk that spiders for their webs has a stretching strength superior to most flexible products made by people.A.spin B.split C.spray D.spoil15.The English language contains a(n)of words which are comparatively seldomused in ordinary conversation.A.altitude B.latitude C.magnitude D.scope16.Had Paul r
10、eceived six more votes in the last election,h e our chairman now.A.must have been B.would have beenC.were D.would be17.The project requires more labor than because it is extremely difficultA.has been put in B.have been put inC.being put in D.to be put in18.Joseph was very lucky with his life；he almo
11、st did not get out of the room.A.to escape B.to have escapedC.to escaping D.to be escaping19.Henry forgot to bring his admission card with him.he was allowed into the hall totake the examination.A.Moreover B.Certainly C.Consequently D.Nevertheless20.The number of the people who cars increasing.A.own
12、s,are B.owns,is C.own,is D.own,are21.Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do notthe test of international competition.A.put up with B.stick with C.stand up to D.face away22.Several unpopular decisions the governor,s popularity.A.decayed B.diminished C
13、.distorted D.dissolved*23.Skilled technicians and advanced technologies enable us to build uncompromised quality into allour cars,because our first is bringing you pleasure for years to come.A.prestige B.benefit C.privilege D.priority24.A man s is best when he can forget himself and any reputation h
14、e may have required and can concentrate wholly on making the right decisions.A.anticipation B.acknowledgment C.expectation D.judgment25.Before the mechanic started work,I asked him to give an of the cost of repairingthe roof of the car.A.assessment B.estimate C.announcement D.evaluation 7326.t h e E
15、n g l i s h e x a m i n a t i o n I w o u l d h a v e g o n e t o t h e c o n c e r t l a s t Su n d a y.A.In s p i t e o f B.Bu t f o r C.Be c a u s e o f D.As f o r27.Gl o v e s h a v e b e e n w o r n s i n c e p r e h i s t o r i c t i m e f o r p r o t e c t i o n,f o r o r n a m e n t a t i o
16、n,s o c i a l s t a t u s.A.a n d a s a n i n d i c a t i o n o f B.f o r t h e y i n d i c a t eC.i n d i c a t i n g D.t o i n d i c a t e a n d28.On e s t u d y f o u n d t h a t j o b a p p l i c a n t s w h o m a k e m o r e e y e c o n t a c t a r e a s m o r e a l e r t,d e p e n d a b l e,c
17、o n f i d e n t a n d r e s p o n s i b l e.A.r e f e r r e d B.p e r c e i v e d C.r e c o m m e n d e d D.p r e s u m e d29.Th e p h y s i c a l s h a p e a n d c o l o r i n g o f m a n y a n i m a l s a r e t h e r e s u l t o f g r a d u a l t o p a r t i c u l a r c i r c u m s t a n c e s.A.m
18、 o d i f i c a t i o n B.v a r i a t i o n C.a p p l i c a t i o n D.a d a p t a t i o n30.Ov e r t h e c e n t u r i e s,v a r i o u s t h e o r i e s h a v e b e e n t o e x p l a i n t h e o r i g i n o f a l p h a b e t i cw r i t i n g.A.a d v a n c e d B.s u b j e c t e d C.r e l e a s e d D.a
19、 b a n d o n e dIL Reading Comprehension(40 points)Section One：Read and Make the Best Choice(20points,2 fbr each)Directions：There are two passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked 4,B,C and D.You should de
20、cideon the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneBi l l Cl i n t o n w r e s t l e s w i t h t h e c o m p l e x i t i e s o f h i s e c o n o m i c p l a n,a s u r p r i s i n g t r e n d t h a t c o u l d u l t i m a t e l y m a k e l i f e a l o t e a s
21、 i e r f o r t h e n e w p r e s i d e n t m a y b e d e v e l o p i n g.A h a n d f u l o f a n a l y s t s b e l i e v et h a t t e c h n o l o g y i s b e g i n n i n g t o h e l p i m p r o v e p r o d u c t i v i t y i n t h e s e r v i c e s e c t o r.If t h e y a r e r i g h t,m i d d l e-c l
22、 a s s l i v i n g s t a n d a r d s w h i c h h a v e s t a g n a t e d f o r t h e p a s t 20 y e a r s c o u l d s t a r t t o i m p r o v e.Th e s e r v i c e s e c t o r g e t s l i t t l e a t t e n t i o n i n m o s t p o p u l a r d i s c u s s i o n s o f Am e r i c a s e c o n o m i c p r
23、o b l e m s.Ma n u f a c t u r i n g,w h e r e U S w o r k e r s g o h e a d-t o-h e a d w i t h f o r e i g n c o m p e t i t o r s,i s s u p p o s e d t ob e t h e c r u c i a l a r e a；s e r v i c e s,w h i c h a r e m o s t l y s h e l t e r e d f r o m i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m p e t i t
24、i o nt a r e r e g a r d e d a s s e c o n d a r y a t b e s t.If a n y t h i n g,t h e g r o w t h o f t h e s e r v i c e s e c t o r i s s e e n a s a s y m p t o m o f o u rm a n u f a c t u r i n g d e c l i n e,a s s t e e l w o r k e r s l o s e t h e i r h i g h-p a y i n g j o b s a n d b e
25、 c o m e m i n i m u m-w a g e h a m b u r g e r f l i p p e r s.Bu t s e r i o u s a n a l y s t s k n o w t h a t i t i s o u r p e r f o r m a n c e i n s e r v i c e s n o t m a n u f a c t u r i n gt h a t i s t h e b i g g e r e c o n o m i c p r o b l e m.In f a c t,U S m a n u f a c t u r i
26、n g p e r f o r m e d r e a s o n a b l y w e l l d u r i n g t h e 1980s,w i t h p r o d u c t i v i t y g r o w i n g a t 2.9%p e r y e a r.Th a t w a s a l m o s t a s f a s t a s m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o d u c t i v i t y g r e w d u r i n g t h e ”g o o dy e a r sM i n 1950s a n d 1960s,
27、a n d i t w a s f a s t e r t h a n p r o d u c t i v i t y g r o w t h i n m o s t o t h e r a d v a n c e d c o u n t r i e s.So w h y d i d n t w e f e e l b e t t e r?Be c a u s e n e a r s t a g n a t i o n i n s e r v i c e p r o d u c t i v i t y-g r o w t h a t o n l ya b o u t 1.0%a n n u a
28、 l l y-h e l d o u r l i v i n g s t a n d a r d d o w n.Do m i n a n t s e r v i c e s e c t o r.Th e t r u t h i s t h a t m o d e r n Am e r i c a i s p r i m a r i l y a s e r v i c e e c o n o m y.Cu r r e n t l y,7 0%o f U S w o r k e r s a r e i n t h e s e r v i c e s e c t o r,v e r s u s o
29、 n l y 2 0%i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g.If w e74could eliminate our persistent trade deficits in manufacturing,the prosperity would shift,but onlyslightly：A rough estimate is that completely eliminating our current trade deficit would raise theshare of manufacturing in employment by only about 0.5%
30、.In other word,like it or not,most A-mericans will work in the service sector fbr the foreseeable future.That means,in turn,that theproductivity of the US work force as a whole depends mostly on the productivity of service workers.But it is really possible to raise service productivity?Some service
31、jobs,like housecleaning andhair cutting,seem resistant to technological change at least until we learn to build robot maids andbarbers.In the past,however,we have seen major improvements in service productivity.Duringthe 1950s and 1960s,fbr example,a linked set of technological and social changes-wi
32、despread a-vailability of private cars and home refrigerators,the growth of supermarkets and an improved roadsystem-led to huge increases in retail productivity.An earlier era saw a surge in office productivitybecause of such revolutionary innovations as typewriters,carbon paper id vertical file cab
33、inets.Indeed the most significant American business success story of the late 20th century may well be Wal-Mart,which has applied extensive computerization and home-grown version of Japan s just-in-time“inventory methods to revolutionize retailing.Analysts like Stephen Roach of Morgan Stanley now be
34、lieve that additional productivity gains inthe office are possible.Computers,it seems,are finally being used to eliminate papenvork：backoffices are shrinking,and corporate hierarchies are getting flatter.If you squint,you can see thesemicro changes starting to show up in the macro numbers.We are now
35、 officially a year and a half into an economic recovery,yet unemployment remains stubbornly high.One of the reasons for thislingering joblessness is that productivity is rising faster than expected,primarily in the service sector.If America eventually returns to full employment,the total economy cou
36、ld be bigger and moreproductive.Technology investment is helping to fuel these changes.Preliminary data show that while overall investment in this recovery is weak by historical standards,computer-related investment is soaring.It looks as if the service sector has decided that it now really knows ho
37、w to make infbnnationtechnology work.Like any radical change,the coming revolution in service productivity will have its victims.Skilled weavers were impoverished by the power loom,and small food stores were savaged by therise of the supermarket.This time,it*s the middle managers who will lose.The p
38、ast recession tookan unprecedented toll of skilled 9 white-collar workers,and many of these jobs may never comeback.But most of America could benefit from rising service productivity in the 1990s and thatwould be welcome news for Bill Clinton.1.The passage suggests that th6 new trend of the rising s
39、ervice productivity may_ _ _A.turn out a great help to President Clinton with his policy makingB.turn out a serious trouble to President Clinton with his policy makingC.have nothing to do with Clinton s decision makingD.initiate Clinton to make some reform policies in economy2.The development of tec
40、hnology in the service sector is largely beneficial to.A.top wealthy people B.average people75C.middle managers D.skilled workers3.Which of the following statements illustrates that modem America is primarily a service economy?A.Service technology is developing fastB.The demand of modem people for v
41、arious services promotes the development of a service e-conomy.C.Tlie significance of manufacturing to the national economy has declined.D.High employment mainly depends on the development of the service industry.4.The author appreciates the development of manufacturing in the 1980s for the followin
42、g reasonsEXCEPT that.A.US manufacturing productivity developed at a comparatively high speed in historyB.the US manufacturing industry is rather competent in the worldC.the growth speed of the US manufacturing industry is among the highest in the worldD.the growth speed of the service sector is not
43、as fast as the manufacturing industry5.At present investors like to venture their money in all of the following EXCEPT.A.information technology B.manufacturing industriesC.the service industry D,computer related productsPassage TwoThe evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grassl
44、ands was due in greatmeasure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals 9 the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted.The interaction resulting from the differencesbetween predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions;however,c
45、ertain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forwardfrom one moment to the next.It ranges fro
46、m a passive,free floating awareness to a highly focused,active fixation.The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system,a network of tractsconverging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem.From the more relaxed tothe more vigorous levels sensitivity to novelty
47、 is increased.The organism is more awake,more vigilant;this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organismbecomes more sensitive to its surroundings.The processes of arousal and concentration give attention to its direction.Arousal is at first general,wit
48、h a flooding*of impulses in the brain stem；thengradually the activation is channeled.Thus begins concentration,the holding of consistent images.One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched informationare used in the context of previous experience.Consciousn
49、ess links past attention to the present andpermits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce differentstyles in predator and prey.Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention relat
50、ed toescaping or chasing.Although in both kinds of animal,arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands,the effect in herbivores is primarily fear,whereas incarnivores the effect is primarily aggression.For both,arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead.7