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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上六级真题阅读长难句分析1. For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings
2、 (幼龟) down to the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 turtles have struggled。For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。before 为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是there be结构，主语为or连接的三个名词（词组）：natural documentaries，GPS satellites a
3、nd marine biologists和volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest“以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。2. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic logg
4、erheads from “threatened” to “endangered” meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The figures prompted Oceana。to petition the government为不定式作prompted的状语，to upgrade the level of protection 为不定式作petition的状语。they are in danger help作meaning的宾语，相当于省略了引导词
5、that的宾语从句。【译文】这些数字迫使Oceana向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到“濒临灭绝”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。3. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerh
6、eads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Nature is indifferent and a report showed a drop。But表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service为介词短语作report的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads。be indifferent to意为“对无动于衷”。a drop in指“在方面下降”。【译文】但是大自然对人们的平
7、等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400磅重的大海龟。4. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 beach are being squeeze
8、d。on which eggs为定语从句，修饰beach。squeezed后接了两个由on one side and on the other结构连接的状语：by development和by the threat。of rising sea levels为介词短语作threat的后置定语。as the oceans warm为原因状语从句。【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。5. It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of pro
9、tecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为It turns out that。according to Griffin为插入语。that while in the ocean为宾语从句。while在这里为连词，表转折。they spend on land为省略了引导词的定语从句，
10、修饰的是the weeks。括号内内容进一步解释they spend on land，as相当于“作为”。they spend in the ocean为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰the years。【译文】按照Griffin的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。6. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet
11、its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we must or。or表条件。get a handle on sth.指“着手处理某事”。that dinosaurs为定语从句，修饰的是a creature。leaving our 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how a affection为宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。固定短语meet ones e
12、nd指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of为，指“出自之手，由完成”。【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？7. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investmen
13、t that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为economists say families can。about to go into debt为families的后置定语，to fund four years为不定式作目的状语，of partying, as well as studying为介词短语作后置定语。that college investment为同位语从句，作knowledge的同位语；that should yield huge dividends为定语
14、从句，修饰的是investment，在该从句中，unlike many bank stocks为插入语。【译文】但是，经济学家说，那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰：上大学是一项投资，与银行股票不同的是，这项投资将有巨大的红利。8. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill” or the amount college graduates earned thats greater than what high-school gra
15、duates earned decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为A 2008 study notes。by two Harvard economists作study的后置定语，说明study的发起者。that引导一个很长的宾语从句，作notes的宾语。在该宾语从句中，主语为the “labor-market premium to skill”，谓语有两个，由but连接，即decreased
16、和has come back。for much of the 20th century和since the 1980s为时间状语，修饰谓语。两个破折号中间的内容为插入语，解释说明“labor-market premium to skill”。在该插入语中，what引导宾语从句，作than的宾语，相当于the amount。【译文】2008年哈佛大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出，“劳动力市场给技能的额外收益”或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱在20世纪的大部分时间都在下降，但是从20世纪80年代起，开始迅速回升。9. But a look at the strange variat
17、ions in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesnt come down merely to dollars and cents. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为a look reveals。that引导宾语从句，作reveals的宾语。about which college to attend为介词短语作choice的后置定语。which college to attend为宾语从句，作about的宾语。come down to指“取决于”。【译文】但是看一下学费的奇怪变化，就
18、可以知道选择去哪所大学不仅仅取决于金钱了。10. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers arent evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product like a car or clothes or a house. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为简单句，主架为buyers arent evaluating college as but rather as。in this consumerist age为时间状语。破折号后的like a house解释说明co
19、nsumer product。evaluate sth. as 指“将某物评定为”。【译文】不，在这个消费年主义代，大多数买家不是把上大学看作投资，而是看作消费品就像汽车、衣服和房子一样。11. As with automobiles, consumers in todays college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. (2009年6月)【分析】本
20、句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为consumers have vast choices, and people search for the one。in todays college marketplace为介词短语作后置定语。that gives satisfaction为定语从句，修饰的是the one。in line with their budgets为介词短语作状语。in line with指“与一致，按照”。【译文】与买汽车一样，消费者在如今的大学市场有很多选择，人们会按照自己的预算寻找那些让他们感到最舒服最满意的。12. Since 2001, more than 1,000
21、 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 students have participated in the Body Project。Since 2
22、001为时间状语。which successful为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是the Body Project。by understand为方式状语。how they notion为宾语从句，作understand的宾语。that you successful为同位语从句，解释的是notion。buy into指“接受并受（某种思想、观点等）的影响”。【译文】从2001年起，在美国已经有超过1000名高中和大学生参与了这项“身体计划”，这一计划旨在让女孩们了解她们是如何被灌输那种“为了成功和幸福，你必须瘦”的思想的。13. Such lasting effects may be due to
23、girls realizing not only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 effects may be due to。girls realizing为动名词作宾语。realizing后接了两个由并列结构not only but also 连接的宾语从句，分别是how they were being influenced和who was benefiting to be thin
24、。【译文】这些持续的效果可能是因为女孩们不仅意识到了她们是如何受到影响的，还意识到了谁从这些让大家感到应该瘦身的社会压力中受益。14. The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为The company did n
25、ot have the money and there was no industry。to hire “experts”为动词不定式作目的状语。established athletic footwear为industry的前置定语。in North America为地点状语。from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field为“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的是North America。【译文】公司没有钱去雇佣“专家”，而且当时在北美也没有既成的运动鞋行业，无法从这一领域招聘到有才能的人。15. Whats more, dem
26、and for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为 demand is growing so fast that。Whats more为插入语。that by 2050为结果状语从句，其中meeting it为现在分词短语作主语。【译文】此外，发展中国家对动物制品的需求上升很快，要满足这些需求，需要在205
27、0年之前每年增加3亿吨谷粮。16. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The key will be。to abandon sustainability为不定式作表语。which centre on the need damage为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是measu
28、res of sustainability。【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法，这些方法以满足生产需要但又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。17. That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. (2008年12月)
29、【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为That is a larger question and it is one。much修饰larger。than后接了两个由or连接的宾语从句：what should workers和how best border。that groups为定语从句，修饰的是one。在该定语从句中，谓语affects后跟两个由并列结构not only but 连接的宾语，分别是newcomers和groups。that have been here for generations为定语从句，修饰的是groups。【译文】这个问题，比“对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么
30、政策”、“怎样才能保证边境安全”之类的问题要重要得多，它不但影响到新移民，也影响到那些在美国生活了好几代的族群。18. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为简单句，主架为Italians, Rom
31、anians and members became Americans and contributed to the building。of other so-called inferior races为介词短语作后置定语，修饰members。in ways too numerous to detail为插入语。【译文】随着时间的流逝，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作“劣等民族”的人成为了美国人中的典范，他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。19. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we al
32、so ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we ought to ask questions。But表转折。as arguments campaign trail为时间状语从句。about, about为介词短语作后置定语，修饰questions。how to ensu
33、re为宾语从句，作about的宾语。that peopleshores为宾语从句，作ensure的宾语，在该从句中，once outsiders为插入语。【译文】在总统竞选活动中，移民问题又再次升温，我们应该问些更广泛的有关“同化”的问题，即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。20. Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult
34、 to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为development is applied to everything, and it has become difficult to question。from to 意为“从到”，from to growth修饰everything。as a result表示结果。either or 意为“或者或者”，either or the way 作question
35、的宾语。the concept is put to use是定语从句，先行词为way，在这里可以不用引导词。【译文】可持续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结果，要想质问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一概念是如何被执行的，就变得很困难。21. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cult
36、ural perspectives. (2008年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为This is especially true in agriculture。where引导的非限定性定语从句sustainable perspectives修饰逗号前面的agriculture。historical and cultural perspectives意为“从历史和文化的角度”。【译文】这一现象在农业领域更是如此。在农业领域，可持续发展经常被当作进步的唯一标准，但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。22. Although children of Mexican immigrants d
37、o better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue.【分析】本句为复杂句。主句为UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue。Although引导让步状语从句。in terms of意为“在方面”，in terms attainment在句中作插入语。
38、that引导的宾语从句作find的宾语。【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好，但加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华泰勒斯却发现，他们的收入没有增加。23. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and undera
39、chievement.【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为Telles fears that。that引导的宾语从句作fears的宾语。破折号后的内容对前面的内容进行解释说明，说明美籍墨西哥人正在步美国黑人的后尘。【译文】泰勒斯担心，美籍墨西哥人注定要步美国黑人的后尘大部分人都可能陷入看似永远的贫困和失意。24. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为It is sitting。It指代的是前文
40、中的美元。at the Canadian dollar为介词短语。against 在这里表示美元与其他外币的兑换比率。【译文】美元对欧元的比率也跌破记录，美元对加拿大元的比率更是跌到近三十年的最低点。25. Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为Europeans may view the U.S. as a superpower。view as意为“把看做”；第一句中的that引导定语从
41、句，先行词为arrogant superpower。【译文】许多欧洲人会认为美国是一个傲慢自大的超级大国，对外国人不友好。但是，没有什么比疲软的美元更让他们觉得美国温暖的了。26. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为We see our kids college background as a prize。see as意为“把看做”；demonstrating为现在分词作定语修饰prize；how well w
42、eve raised them为demonstrating的宾语从句。【译文】我们将孩子的大学背景看做是对自己辛苦抚养他们的奖励。27. Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. (2008年6月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Underlying the hysteria is the belief。Underlying the hysteria为现在分词做主语，that引导同位语从句，修饰belief。【译文】支撑这种疯狂的是这样一种信念：稀有
43、的精英学位必定价值颇高。28. Im now applying to graduated school, which means someday Ill return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Im now applying to graduated school。which引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。在定语从句中包含了一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句，作means的宾语。宾语从句中又嵌套了一个wh
44、ere引导的定语从句，修饰profession, where在从句中作状语。在这个定语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句，作get的宾语。【译文】目前，我在申请研究生学历，这就意味着有一天我重回职场时，人们会为了一己之利而对我献媚。29. Like most people, Ive long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。主
45、句为Ive understood。主句谓语动词understood后有两个并列的that引导的宾语从句。在第二个宾语从句中包含一个省略that的定语从句people use，修饰gauge，还包含一个how引导的宾语从句。【译文】像大多数人一样，长期以来，我一直认为人们会以职业来评判我，我的职业才是人们用来评价我的聪明才智的标准。30. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the li
46、fe of the appliance, theyd cut global residential power consumption (and their utility bills) by 43 percent. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为theyd cut by 43 percent。if 引导条件状语从句，在从句中包含了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰models。这个条件状语从句为虚拟语气，表示对现在的假设，从句谓语用过去时态，主句谓语动词用would do。【译文】 一份国际能源署的研究表明，如果消费者选择在使用期间能节省电器费用的家电型号，他们将节省43%的
47、全球居民用电量(和电费)。31. “Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models,” says Jon Smith, a writer. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为“Men have a fear of becoming dads,” says Jon Smith。在直接引语中有一个because引导的原因状语从句。在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里，若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前则用倒装。【译文】“跟我同时代的男性(25岁到40岁
48、之间)都害怕当爸爸，这是因为我们没有学习的榜样，”作家乔史密斯这样说道。32. “Our nations core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th richest man in America. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为“bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented the richest man。直接引语作lament的宾语从句。在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里，若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前，常用倒装。【译文】“我们国家与中产阶级讨价还价的核心条件正在瓦解，”一位在美国富豪排行榜排名117位的富翁哀叹道。33. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside on office or “chained to your desk” most o