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1、感叹句一、知识结构-What+a/an+名词单数形式+（主语+谓 语）！what弓|导的感叹句 一 一What+名词复数形式+（主语+谓语）！1-What+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！感叹句-How+形容词描!|词+主语+渭 语！h0W引 导 的 感 叹 句-How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓 语！一 How+主语!二、知识点及考点分析1.定义：感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个短语，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“！2.感叹句句子结构分类：w hat引导的感叹句What+a/an+名词单数形式
2、+（主语+谓语）！What a/a n常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an;若其前面的形容词为辅音开头，则用a。如：What an interesting story it is）!What a lovely boy he is）!What+名词复数形式+（主语+谓语）！如：What kind women they are!What+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：What nice music it is!补充：w hat引导的感叹句主语和谓语通常可以省略;W hat常用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如rain,surprise,breakfast
3、,lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 What a/aiio如：What a heavy rain it is）!what引导的感叹句常与fun有关的句型放在一起考,属于感叹句易错点：its great fun to do sth.做某事真的很有趣（这里的fun是不可数名词，表示有趣的事）改为感叹句：What great fun it is to do sth.!如：What great fun it is to play with dogs!have fun doing s t h.做某事很开心改为感叹句：What great fun we have playing
4、 with dogs!tips:陈述句转化为感叹句只改变语序再加上对应的感叹句,力导词what/how，并不改变句子中原有的语法/句型功能。由此点我们可以很好区分两个带fun的感叹句用法。how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！如：How hard the worker are working!注意：当how 修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。如：How the runner runs!what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。如：What a clever girl she is!=How clever the girl is!How+形容词+
5、a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！如：How interesting a book it is!How+主语+谓语！如：How time flies!关于感叹句引导词how和 what的选择第一步：找出句子主语和谓语第二步：划掉主语和谓语剩下为名词或名词词组，what第三步：分析剩下的句子成分一剩下为形容词或副词）how例子：difficult homework we had yesterday!找出主语谓语we had划掉主语谓语we had剩余成分为名词词组difficult homework,故选择what；且 homework为不可数名词，所以这个句子写为 What diffic
6、ult homework we had yesterday!what+a+adj.+可数名词单数+住语+谓语）!/一感叹句what+adj.+不可数名词+住 语+谓语）！what+adj.+可数名词复数+住语+谓语）!How+adj./adv.+住 语+谓语）！1.区分wha阚how:看主语前的一个词，名词用what,形容词副词用how2.区分whatl口what a/an:看主语前的 今词，可数名词单数用a/an：不可数名词或复数不加Sa/an 3.常考的不可数名词有：weather,fun,work,information,news,music4.当名词为rain,fire,noise,s
7、urprise等名词时，如果前面加上形容词就可以具象化，等要加:如：What a loud noise.What a heavy rain.5.iiW hat a useful weather report!6.填中SSSSMfiE陈述句：What great fun I have doing;What fun it isto do;How lucky I am to do.真题演练、选择填空1.Look!_ beautiful that take is!A.What aB.WhatC.What anD.How2.一 Hi,Mary,_ beautiful day!-Yes,it is.A.H
8、owB.What aC.WhatD.How a3._ _ new radio it is!A.HowB.How aC.What aD.What4._ _ nice computers!A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How5._ day were having today!A.What fine a B.How fineC.What a fineD.What a6._ nice girl Kate is!A.HowB.WhatC.What anD.What a7.-Hi,Mary,_ beautiful day!-Yes,it is.A.HowB.What aC.WhatD.Ho
9、w a8._ time were having today!A.What a good B.How goodC.What good aD.What good9._ surprising news it is!A.HowB.How aC.WhatD.What a10._ nice cars!A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How二、完成下列感叹句1._ lovely the snow looks!2._ a clever boy Jim is!3._ _ worried they looked!4.hard the workers are workin。！5._ _ long ha
10、ir she has!一、1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10,B二、1.HowWhat2.What3.How4.How5.一、知识结构祈使句肯 定 形 式 一 动 词 原 形+其 他 成 分-dont/never+原形+其他成分否 定 形 式 一1 lets not+动词原形+其他成分二 知识点及考点分析1.定义：表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用动词原形,句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。2.祈使句分类：肯定的祈使句：(1)动词原形+其他 如：Stand up,please.(2)Be+n./adj.如：Be a good b
11、oy!(3)Lets+宾语+动词原形+其它成分 如:Lets go to school together.否定的祈使句(1)Dont+动词原形如：Dont stand up.(2)Let型的否定式有两种：uDont+let+宾 语+动词原形+其它成分”Let+宾 语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如：Let them not play with fire.Dont let them not play with fire.(3)N。开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking!祈使句的回答1 .祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，回答祈使句时，一般用will/wonto2.在回答具有
12、否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：(1)形式一致即Yes与 will保持一致；no与 will not/wont保持一致)(2)意思相反即Y es是“不”的意思；No是“是 的意思)。3.在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。动词原形开头：Look out!1.如果后面有并列句，并列句要用将来时:Turn on the light,or you cant see clearly.2.祈使句的回答要用将来时：Follow me,please.OK/Yes,I will.Dont play with fire.OK/No,I wont.祈 使 句,.Be动 开头:Be quiet!肯 定 形
13、 式l-LetfF5t:Lets go swimming.Dont look out of the window!3.反义疑问句，除了Lets用shall we,其他T用will you:Open the door,will you?Dont open the door,will you?Let us go and play basketball,will you?Lets go and play basketball,shall we?卜考点汇总否 定 形 式 上Dont be late!Dont let him go.真题演练一、选择题1.Dont leave the classroom
14、with the light on.A.Yes,I won*t B.No,I wont C.Yes,I will D.No,I dont2.My friend,L u c y,a f r a i d of snakes.She keeps a snakes a pet at home.A.dont be B.doesnt be C.isnt D.be not3.Dont forget to ask the police for help when you are in trouble.A.Yes,I wont.B.No problem.C.OK,I wont D.OK,I will4.Dont
15、 leave the classroom with the light on.A.Yes,I wont B.No,I wontC.Yes,I will D.No,I dont5.Dont make so much noise,Jack.Your grandpa is sleeping now.A.Yes,I wont B.No,I will.C.Yes,I will.D.Sorry,I won*t二、填空题1 .Ki t t y,not be)afraid of snakes.Not all of them are dangerous.2.Mi ke,not be)afraid.I will
16、always be with you.3.M a r t i n,n o t be)late for the visit to the museum tomorrow morning.OK.4.Get up early,and you not be)late.5.Tom,not be)afraid.Til be with you all the time.6.Mi ke,not be)afraid.I will always be with you.7.share)your sadness with your friends,and you will feel better.1 .dont b
17、e2.donft be3.dont be4.wonft be5.dont be6.don*t be7.share一、知识结构取醐反义疑问句触0 b嘴/削not)+推?、一 睇 而you傕 嗣ef$开 头 轴a lM。法:1则坏鼾14$-ha唧溟嘲附不)no sonner never seldom little few barely标的甑照西9尉 她任少胡脑的林就咖o肺g nobody no one奴瓢朗靛期 句-曲M/o伽侧fo翻II传破者岫弱噩骗就子的响的反谡防 3 耻 Jo h n isnt a diligent studentforitis the third tim e he has
18、been latejsntit?I/W ethink/except/suppose/im agine/guess/believe+(that)+9ft:Y ouve never told m e w hy you didnt com e to m y birthday partyhave yo u?二、知识点及考点分析1.定义：反意疑问句是提出情况或看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由陈述部分和反意疑问部分构成。2.改写原则：前肯后否，前否后肯You can do it,canl you?They are not very late for the meeting,are they?3.具体考点
19、：反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定反意疑问部分主语与谓语，应根据陈述部分的主语和谓语进行选择，但是需要注意一些特殊的情况。而且，反意疑问部分的主语一般要用人称代词(一般不会用人名等)，而动词若为否定形式则通常用缩写表达，且动词的形式及时态等必须保持一致。He has supper at home every week,doesnt h e?不能用 hasnt he?)They have known the matter,havent th e y?不能用 dont they?)They will go to school soon,wont they?不能用 dont they?或 arent t
20、hey?)He works very hard,doesnt he?不能用 didnt he?或 wont he?)情况分类：陈述部分带有 little,few,never,hardly,seldom,nothing,nobody,none 等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如：He never tells lies,does he?不用 doesnt he?)注意：当陈述部分谓语动词是含有u*im-,i*dis-等表否定意义的前缀的词时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义，反意疑问部分还是要用否定形式。如：He dislikes playing football,doesnt he?陈述部分是ther
21、e b e结构时，用be there即可.如：There is going to be a sports meeting next Wednesday,isnt there?当陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词nothing,everything,something,anything等时，反义疑问主语部分用it进行指代。如：Something is wrong with my phone,isnt it?当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词nobody,everybody,somebody,anybody等时，反义疑问主语部分可用he或they指代，但是不能用it进行指代。如：Somebody wan
22、ts to play with you,doesnt he/they?当陈述部分的主语为指示代词this/that时，反意疑问部分的主语应用单数形式it；若主语为指示代词these/those时，反意疑问部分的主语应用复数形式they。如：This is necessary,isnt it?These are your classmates Tommy and Jackie,arent they?当陈述部分的动词是has/had/have时，我们需要进行判断具体含义及用法后才能确定反义疑问日怎么改写：has/had/have表 示“有”时，反义疑问部分可以用has/had/have或者does
23、/did/do；如：He has a new watch,hasnt he/doesnt he?has/had/have to表示半情态动词“不得不”时,反义疑问部分应用does/did/do；如：He has to finish homework,doesn 9t he?has/had/have to表示实义动词“吃,喝，玩等”时，反义疑问部分应用does/did/do；如：They have a nice dinner,don 9t they?had better表 示“最好”时，反义疑问部分用had；如：They had better stop laughing,hadnt they?h
24、as/had/have在现在完成时中，反义疑问部分应用has/had/have如：He has been to Shanghai,hasnt he?拓展：l/s是is还是has的辨析:has只有表示现在完成时的助动词时，才可以缩写为固所以，我们可以得出：s后面如果不是过去分词，那么一定是i s,而不是has。如果、后面是过去分词，我们还要区分主被动，如果是表达主动意，那么1是has的缩写，如果表达的是被动意，那么仍然是is的缩写。eg.Hes already back to China,isn*t he?He*s already been back to China,hasnt he?He*s
25、 always made to do a lot of housework,isnt he?2.have/has是助动词还是行为动词：如果have/has表示的是助动词，那么后面要有过去分词；如果后面没有过去分词，那么have/has就是行为动词。eg.He has gone to Hainan,hasn*t he?He has a lot of things to do,doesnt he?当陈述部分含有need时，如果need作实义动词,则反意疑问部分应用does/did/do,如果need作情态动词,则反意疑问部分应用need。如：We need to have a rest,dont
26、we?We need have a rest,neednt we?当陈述部分出现I am 时，反意疑问部分应用arent I。如：I am right,arent I?反义疑问句与祈使句结合：1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you或 wont you;2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you;3）以lets开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we;特别注意,只有以let*开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而 let u s 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或 wont you。如：Dont be late agai
27、n,will you?Lets turn on the TV,shall we?Please open the door,will/wont you?Let us have a try,will you?当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有下列两种情况：情态动词must表示 必须”时，疑问部分用mustnt。如：I must answer the question,mustnt I?但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：They must have watched the movie last week,did
28、nt they?He must be in the library,isnt he?述部分用used to+主语时，问句部分用didnt/usednt+主语形式。如：She used to live in this countryside,didnt she?/usedn,t she?侬陈述部分为主从复合句，且反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+thinkbelieve,suppose,consider,said,told,reported,asked）+that 从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：They all think that English is
29、 very important,dont they?不用 isnt it?）注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think/suppose/believe等时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致。（特别要注意否定转移）如：I dont think they are good parents,are they?4.反义疑问句回答原则：去掉句子中否定词将句子变为一般疑问句根据实际情况作答，肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no,特别注意前后形式需一致如：Yes,he isn，t./No,he i s 这样写是错的，yes后必须用肯定,no后必须用否定。真题演练1.一 The sec
30、retarys already on the way to the c o m p a n y,s h e?一.She was badly hurt in the accident and sent to the hospital.A.hasnt;Yes B.hasnt;No C.isnt;Yes D.isnt;No一He has never been to S h a n g h a i,?一.He has been there twice.A.has he;No,he hasnt B.has he;No,he hasC.has he;Yes,he has D.hasnt he;Yes,he
31、 has3.Alice had a wonderful time y e s t e r d a y,?A.hadnt she B.wasnt she C.didnt she D.wouldnt she4.-She didnt come to school yesterday,did she?-,though she was not feeling well.A.No,she didnt B.Yes,she didntC.No,she did D.Yes,she did5.-He hardly spent any time on his s u b j e c t s,?-,so he doe
32、s badly in his lessons.A.didnt he,Yes B.did he,Yes C.didnt he,No D.did he,No6.Hes read this book b e f o r e,?A.hasnt he B.doesnt he C.isnt he D.wasnt he7.一 Lefs go for a wa l k,?OK,Im coming.Dont forget to bring your c a me r a,?A.will you;will you B.will you;shall weC.shall we;shall we D.shall we;
33、will you8.John had a short walk after l unc h,?A.did he B.didnt he C.had he D.hadnt he9.Nancy hardly rings you up,?A.doesnt she B.does sheC.doesnt Nancy D.does Nancy10.-Your brother often disagrees with y o u,h e?一.We often have different opinions.A.does;YesC.does;NoB.doesnt;YesD.doesnt;No情态动词一、知识结构
34、 只做情态动词:must/can/could/may/might二、考点及知识点分析1.定义：情态动词是表示情态意义的动词，他表示说话人的语气和情态，它不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，过去式通常表示更客气、更委婉。2.情态动词有四个特征:不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语;没有人称和数的变化；情态动词后必须跟动词原形;具有助动词功能。3.情态动词基本含义：can could）能，会will would）将，会,愿 意have to不得不should应该4.表猜测语气的情态动词may might)可以，可能m ust必须need需要had bett
35、er 最好 had better not)do sth.表猜测性的情态动词有：may/cant/m ust。may表没把握的猜测;can*表有把握的否定猜测;must表有把握的肯定猜测5.情态动词开头的疑问句的答语句型肯定回答否定回答Can I.Yes,you can.No,you cant.May I.Yes,you may.No,you mustnt./No,you cant.Must I.Yes,you must.No,you neednt./No you dont have toNeed I.Yes,you must.No,you neednt6.情态动词的辨析一must 与 have
36、 to：m ust表主观看法，意为“必须”。如：We must finish homework.have to表客观需要，意为“不得不”。如：We have to stay at home,because its raining outside.maybe 与 may bem ay为情态动词后接动词原形，may be 般位于句子中；maybe为副词意思为“大概，也许”,maybe 一般位于句子开头。如：He may be tired.Maybe he is tired.can 与 be able tocan只有现在和过去时(could),且can强调自身已具有的能力be able to可用于任
37、何时态中，而beableto强调通过努力而获得的能力如：He can speak Chinese.I was able to swim when I was young.cant 与 mustntcant表“不可能；mustnt表 禁止,不许”。如：He cant be home,I saw him go out.You mustnt go out.三、情态动词具体用法分析：1.can的用法：表示能 力,即有某种能力，一般指与牛来具来的能力，注意与beableto(强调通过努力而获得的能力)区分。e.g.I can smell with my nose.表示许可,常在口语中。常用may代替。e
38、.g.You can/may use my computer.表示推测,意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，而can*表示“不可能”。e.g.Can the news be true?2.could的用法:can的过去形式，意思是“能、会”，表示过去拥有的能力。e.g.She could swim when she was 11 years old.could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求等，此时could并不是过去式的形式。e.g.Could you help me with my homework?3.may的用法：表示请求、许可，比can正式，语气更委婉。e.g.May I use your
39、 dictionary?表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，一般表示可能性不是很大，用于肯定句中。e.g.It may rain next week.明天可能会下雨。may的过去式为m igh t,表示推测，可能性低于may。e.g.He drops off school.He might be sick.表示对某人的一种希望、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿、祝福某人”。句型一般为may+主语+动词原形。e.g.May you happy!4.must的用法：must表示主观要求、看法或命令，意思是“必须、一定e.g.You must finish your homework now.其否定形式mustnt表
40、示 禁止，不准等”，不能翻译为不可能。e.g.You mustnt play with fire.must表示很有把握的推测，“肯定”，不能用于否定句中。e.g.The light is on,so she must be at school at the moment.针对must提问的回答：肯定回答为must否定回答为neednt或dont have toe.g.Must I finish my homework?No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.5.need的用法：need表需要，用于否定句和疑问句中。用need提问的回答：肯定回答为m u st,否定
41、回答为neednt或dont have to。e.g.一Need I finish homework today?Yes,you must./-No.you neednt/dont have to.need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化。e.g.He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。The door needs painting.=The door needs to be painted.6.shall的用法：shall表示征求对方意见（一般用于第一、三人称）。e.g.Shall we go shopping?回答：Ye
42、s,please./All right./No,thank you.7.should的用法：意为“应该”，表示劝告、建议、或表达某人的义务、责任等。e.g.We human should protect the environment.8.had better的用法:表示“最好做某事”，无人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式,否定形式为：had better not。e.g.We had better solve the problem now.真题演练1.she ride a bike when she was 8 years old?A.Can B.Could C.Need D.May2.E
43、xcuse me,you show me the way to the station?A.must B.could C.shall D.need3.Computers_work out difficult maths problems very quickly.A.can B.need C.must D.should4.I come in,Mr Wu?Come in,please.You must come here earlier next time.A.Shall B.Need C.Must D.May5.Can you speak Japanese?No,IA.mustnt B.can
44、t C.neednt D.May not6.May I borrow your new computer next week?Sony,youA.wont B.may not C.cant D.didnt7.Could you get a glass of water fbr me?A.Good idea B.Youre welcome C.Thats all right D.No problem8.Must I still stay here now?A.Yes,you do B.No,you may not C.No,you neednt D.Yes,you are9.John go th
45、ere with us tonight,but he isnt very sure about it.A.must B.can C.will D.may10.Even the top students in our class cant solve this problem.So it _be very difficult.A.can B.may C.must D.need11.Put on more clothes.You be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A.can B.could C.would D.must12.A computer think
46、for itself,it must be told what to do.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not13.I know your name?A.May B.Will C.Shall D.Must14.This pen looks like mine,yet it isnt.Whose it be?A.must B.may C.would D.can15.What kinds of homes will we live in the future?Nobody be sure,but scientists are working out new ideas now.A.will B.may C.can D.must1 -5 B BADB 6-1OCDCDC 11-15DAADC