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1、高中英语语法之同位语从句的考点归纳及专项训练同位语从句的结构（一）由that引导I have no doubt that he will overcome all this difficulties.他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。【特别提示】：同位语从句引导词that不可省略。（二）由whether引导The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been decided.我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未决定。（三）由其他词引导的同位语从句I have not made up my mind w
2、hat elective subjects I am to take next term.我还没有决定好下学期上哪些选修课。When you are about halfway through the story, try to make a guess how the plot will develop.当你把故事读到一半时，猜测一下情节将如何发展。I have no idea when I will be back from Shanghai.我不知道我什么时候从上海回来。（四）同位语从句与被修饰名词的分割有时，为了保持句式的平衡，将同谓语从句与被修饰的名词分割，其间出现其他成分。Conc
3、erns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.人们日益担心，证人可能会因此而受到鼓励，在法庭上夸大事实以保证陪审团对被告做出有罪的判决。（这里先行词concerns与that同位语从句被谓语were raised隔开。）同位语从句的引导词运用1.that引导同位语从句。在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information,
4、knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等。I had no idea that you were here.The story goes that William killed his wife.He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.Suddenly the thought came to me that he would goblind.注意：位语从句引导词that无含义，不充当成分，不可省略。同位语
5、从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容，故可以用is把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。同位语从句前一般没有逗号。that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别：that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，在从句中要作成分，如主语、宾语等。He told me the news that our team won.（that引导同位语从句）The news that / which he told me was very exciting.（that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语）2. 在no idea, question, problem等后可用wh-疑问词引导同位语
6、从句，if不引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea what he said.3. 辨析：引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever的区别：what 与whatever：What you want has been sent here.（what = the thing(s) that/all that/anything that特指）Whatever you want makes no difference to me.（whatever = anything that泛指）What cause
7、d the accident was a broken bottle.（特指）Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.（泛指）who 与whoever：Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.（who表疑问，表示“谁”，“哪一个”）Whoever breaks the law should bepunished.（whoever = anyone who，表示“无论哪个人”）4. 同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置
8、，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.（同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.（定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语）同位语从句在句中的位置及语气同位语从句的语气在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚
9、拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：The
10、news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：The thought came to her tha
11、t maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。同位语和同位语从句的区分当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，其中一个句子成分可用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，此时前者（起说明或解释作用的句子成分）就叫做后者（被说明或解释的句子成分）的同位语。如：We have two children， a boy and a girl. 我
12、们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。（句中的a boy and a girl为two children的同位语）Laura Myers， aBBCreporter， asked for an interview. 劳拉迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。（句中的a BBC reporter为Laura Myers为同位语）如果起说明或解释作用的句子成分为一个从句，那么这个从句就是同位语从句。如：The hope that he may recover is faint. 他复原的希望是渺茫的。（句中的that he may recover为hope的同位语）We heard the news that
13、 our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。（句中的that our team had won为news的同位语）语法辨析：同位语从句与定语从句的比较同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，通常与主句中名词性成分并列，补充说明该名词的情况，定语从句也是名词性从句的一种，同样用来修饰补充主句的内容，所以这两者很容易让人混淆。一、从句法功能上来看同位语从句中连接词that在从句中不作句子成分，也没有词汇含义，只起连接作用，其作用大致相当于一个冒号；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，且在句中充当句子的成分(主语或宾语)。如：I hold the belief that where the
14、re is a will, there is a way. (that引导的是同位语从句，它在从句中不充当句子成分)The letter that I received yesterday was from my sister. (that引导的是定语从句，它在从句中充当宾语)二、从意义上来看同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词所表达的内容是一样的，两者之间可以划等号；而定语从句则是限制或修饰中心词的，中心词所表达的内容不等于定语从句所表达的内容。如：He told me the news that his uncle would come home from abroad on Nati
15、onal Day. (that引导的是同位语从句，其中the news = his uncle would come home from abroad on National Day)This is the factory that we visited last month. (that引导的是定语从句，其中 the factory we visited last month.)三、从中心名词上来看同位语从句中的中心名词常是一些表示概括意义的抽象名词，这类名词有fact, idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, p
16、romise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question 等。而定语从句中的中心名词是没有限定的。如：四、从that是否可以省略来看引导同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，而在定语从句中，that作宾语时，可以省略。另外，引导定语从句的that若指事物，它可以用which来代替，而在同位语从句中，that 永远不能用which替代。专项训练：1. It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. wh
17、at, that2. Does _ matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3. -What are you anxious about? - _A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4. The reason _the little actress has been such a success is
18、 _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person6. I really dont know _ I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was w
19、hy7. Dr. Black comes from eitherOxfordorCambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that8. -What do you think of China? -_different life is today from _it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that9. Give this to _you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10. _troubles me is _I cant learn all these Englishidiomsby heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that答案15 CABBB 610 ACACD学科网（北京）股份有限公司