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1、特殊句式一、 倒装句1. 全部倒装(将动词整个提前到主语前)1） 表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here, there（there be/there exist）, now, then, up, down, away, off, it, out, in the room, on the wall 等置于句首，且主语为名词时Here comes the bus./There goes the bell. 注意如果主语是代词，则不倒装，如Here I am./Here it comes.Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。The door opened and i
2、n came Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进来了。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.At the foot of the mountain stands/lies a beautiful school called Bright school.2） 有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时Buried in the sands was an ancient village.Standing beside the table was his wife.St
3、ruggling to get out of poverty were the farmers who had suffered a lot in the natural disaster last year.2. 部分倒装（be动词/情态动词/助动词提前）1） 否定副词（never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等）或表示否定意义的介词短语（at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等）置于句首时We laugh at jokes, but seldom _we thin
4、k about how they work. 我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。By no means _we destroy the environment. 我们绝不应该破坏环境。2） only修饰介词短语、副词、或状语从句，且置于句首时Only by this way _we make great progress. 只有这样我们才能取得巨大进步。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours_ they reach a decision.注意：only修饰主语不需要倒装 Only he know
5、s the truth./Only very careful readers can find his mistake.3） so;neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，意为“.也如此/也不”My father is a teacher and so _my mother./She has been to New York and so_I.I dont like it; neither/nor_I care.I havent heard of Professor White and neither/nor _Philip.注意：so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”与“
6、so+主语+谓语”句式的区别，后者不是倒装，表示对上文所说的话赞同或附和Tom is very clever. So he is. 是啊，他确实很聪明。4） 某些含有否定词的连词位于句首时，主要包括not onlybut also; not only部分倒装，but also 部分不倒装；no soonerthan, hardlywhen, notuntil引导的句子，hardly, no sooner, not until 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装Not only _I come to school early, but also my teacher does.No sooner _th
7、e game stared than it began to rain heavily.Hardly_ she gone out when a students came to visit her.(注意no soonerthan和hardlywhen的时态)Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.(还原：_)5） 含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中：将had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装，省略if_you come here, you would have met the fil
8、m star. (If you had come here, you would have met the film star.)_we succeed, we would be rich.(If we should succeed, we would be rich.)_a bird, I would fly freely. (If I were a bird, I would fly freely.)6) sothat句型中，so+adj./adv.置于句首时，主句用部分倒装So carelessly _he drive that he almost killed himself.So d
9、ark _the room that I could hardly see anything.So fast _you speak that I can hardly follow you.练习1：1) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_(lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.2) So difficult_I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom fo
10、r advice.3) Not until he went through real relationship he realize the love we have for our families is important. 4) Only then_we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.二、强调句1. It is/was+强调部分+that/who的强调1) 此句型一般强调主语、宾语和状语，一般不强调谓语、表语、补足语等。把需要强调的部分放于be动词和that/who之间，that/who不充当成
11、分，只起连接作用，去掉此结构之后句子仍然成立。It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China. (强调主语Jane)It is in London that Jane has been living in since she left China. (强调地点状语in London, 注意in不能漏掉)It is since she left China that Jane has been living in London. (强调时间状语从句)2) 一般疑问句：Is/Was +it+强调部分+that/w
12、ho?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that?Was it Sally that phoned just now? 刚才打电话的是Sally吗？Who was it that phoned just now? 刚才打电话的究竟是谁？When was it that you lost your luggage? 你究竟是什么时候丢的行李？Where was it that Shakespeare was born? 莎士比亚出生的地方究竟在哪里？（特殊疑问句中强调句后均为陈述语序）3）注意强调句与从句的区别It was ten oclock when I got home last
13、 night. when引导_, 此处it的作用是_It was at ten oclock_I got home last night.4）“do/does/did+动词原形”的强调只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。He _know the place well._write to me when you get there.He_phone you yesterday.3) notuntil的强调句：It is/was not untilthatIt was not until I came here that I realized this place wa
14、s famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.只有当你完成了作业之后你才被允许出去。_练习2：1） It was with the help of the local guide_the mountain climber was rescued.2） Could it be in the restaurant_you had dinner with me yesterday_you lost your handbag?3） It is the talent and hard work of the musical group whi
15、ch allow them to win over many fans.三、省略句1. 状语从句的省略（重点）时间，条件，让步，方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式Children, when_(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.If_(invite), Ill come to the party with Betty.When_(do) housework, Im use
16、d to listening to some music.2. 不定式的省略1） 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子相同的动词（短语），只保留不定式符号to. 常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want wish等词后。Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.2) but用作介词，表示“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do/does/did, 后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略to。（前
17、有do后省to）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.I have nothing to do but watch TV.3) 特殊的省略结构：if 省略结构if so/if not/if ever/if necessary/if possible/if any四、 感叹句1. what引导的感叹句（1） What+a/an+(adj.)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语 What a (beautiful) girl she is!（2） What+(adj.+)不
18、可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语What terrible problems we would face!What fine weather it is!2. how引导的感叹句（1） How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语 How fast he runs!（2） How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语 How strange a plant it is!（3） How+主语+谓语 How time flies!练习3：1） If_(accept) for the job, youll be informed soon.2） Failing for the first time
19、has made him come to know what important a second chance is.3） Standing on the top of the tower and youll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.4） So touching_the song sound that I couldnt hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.5） Freddy gave him a job and lent him pocket money while_(train) him.6） Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun.7） It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike at Christmas, and he rode it every day.学科网（北京）股份有限公司