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1、高一年级第一学期1、lonely adj。（1）-unhappy because one is alone or without friends孤独的，寂寞的；当 lonely 作此解时在句中可用作表语或定语。e.g.When his wife died,he felt very lonely.妻子去世后，他感到很孤独。（作表语）The old man lives a lonely life.这位老人过着寂寞的生活。（作定语）（2）-（of places）without people;not often visited;（指地点）荒凉的。e.g.The strange man lives in
2、 a lonely house in the village.那个古怪的人住在乡间一幢荒凉的房子里。注意：lonely 与 alone 是有区别的。Alone 作形容词时通常表示“独自的”、“单独的”，在句中只作表语。而 lonely 则表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞的一种感情。试比较：Though I was alone,I was not lonely.虽然我是独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。2、after doing sth.此处 after 是介词，与动名词或动名词短语连用，在句中作状语。可相当于连词 after 引导的一个时间状语从句。e.g.After I finished the home
3、work,I went to bed.可改写成：Afterfinishing the homework,I went to bed.注意：此句式只有当主句和从句用同一个主语时才成立。3、change n.-work given to sb.as a duty.负责；管理（1）in charge of sth.负责、掌管（某事）e.g.Mr.Smith is in charge of the work of our class.史密斯先生负责我们班的工作。（2）under/in the charge of sb.由管；由负责e.g.This ward of the hospital is in
4、the charge of Dr.Green.医院的这个病房由格林先生负责。4、at the end of 在的最后（结尾），在的尽头（末端）e.g.At the end of this mouth we are going to have an outing.本月底我们打算作一次远足。试比较：by the end of 在结束时；到末为止How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?到上学期末，你们学了多少英语单词？in the end-at last;finally 最后、终于e.g.In the end he
5、 found what he wanted.终于他找到了他所要的东西。5、different from与不同；different in 在不同e.g.Saying a thing is quite different from doing it.说一件事和做一件事大不一样。He is a different man from what he was 10 years ago.与十年前的他相比，他是另外一个人了。6、a little;a lot 能起副作用，在句中作状语，表示程度；亦可用以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。e.g.I am-I think-a little afraid of you.我
6、想，我有点儿怕你。（作状语，修饰形容词 afraid）Edison had read a lot before he was taken out of school.爱迪生在退学前已看了很多书。（作状语）The teacher told me to speak a little louder.老师叫我大声点儿讲。（修饰副词的比较级 louder）The boy is feeling a lot better today.这男孩今天感到身体好多了。（修饰形容词 well 的比较级 better,a lot 在此处同 much）7、be fond of-like;be full of love f
7、or 喜欢；爱（1）后跟名词或代词：e.g.I am fond of music.我喜欢音乐。（2）后跟动名词：e.g.We found out that he was very fond of you.事实上，他很喜欢你。8、catch sb.around the neck 勾住的脖子e.g.The drowning boy caught John around the neek to swim back to the bank.那个溺水的男孩勾住约翰的脖子游回岸边去。此类短语有 catch sb.by the arm 等e.g.The policeman caught him by the
8、 arm.警察拉住了他的胳膊。John hit him in the face.约翰打了他的脸。The stone hit me on the head.石头击中我的头部。注意：此类短语中，身体的某一部位前须用定冠词 the。9、助动词 do,(does)和 did 用在肯定句中表示强调，作“的确”、“确实”讲e.g.If you doknow the answer,say it in a loud enoughvoice so thatallthe class may hear.如果你确实知道这个答案，就用足够大的声音来回答，使全班同学都能听到。注意：助动词 do 还可用在祈使句中，表示强调
9、，作“一定”、“千万”讲。e.g.Do write to us as soon as you get to America.你一到美国一定要给我们来信。10、reach v.（1）vt.-get to,arrive in(at)到达，抵达；达到e.g.We had one km to go to reach the nearest railway station.我们得步行一公里才能抵达最近的火车站。（2）vt.-put ones hand out and touch sth.伸手及到e.g.The girl is not tall enough to reach the apple on t
10、he table.这个女孩不够高，够不着桌上的那个苹果。（3）vt.-（of things or places）to be big enough to touch;stretch outas far as（事物）大得足以及到；（地方）达到，延伸e.g.The ladder wont quite reach(as far as)the top of the monument.这梯子很难够着那座碑的顶部。11、Fear（1）n.-the feeling that one has when danger is near;the feeling thatsth.(usu.unpleasant)is l
11、ikely to happen 害怕；恐惧；担心e.g.I couldnt move because of fear.我吓得不能动弹。（2）用于短语 in fear 惊恐的，介词短语作状语，用以修饰动词，表示伴随状态。e.g.She stood there in fear and didn t know what to do.她惊恐地站在那儿，不知该怎么办。类似的介词短语还有 in a hurry 急匆匆地；in surprise 惊讶地；in a loud(low)voice 大（低）声地等。（3）vt.-be afraid of 惧怕；害怕e.g.There is nothing to f
12、ear in the world.世界上没有什么可惧怕的事情。（4）其形容词为：fearful-afraid 害怕的；fearless-without fear 无畏的；不怕的e.g.Joe Hill was a fearless fighter.乔希尔是个大无畏的战士。12、ask about;ask after;ask for（1）ask about-inquire about sb./sth.询问、打听（某人或某事的情况）e.g.The pilot asked about the weather conditions.那位飞行员打听天气的情况。（2）ask after(sb.)问候；问好
13、e.g.I met George on my way home yesterday and he asked after you.昨天我在回家的路上遇见乔治，他问候你。（3）ask for 请求；向要e.g.Did anyone ask for me?有人来找过我吗？13、My trousers need shortening.我的裤子需要改短。此句中 need 是实义动词，作“需要”讲，后接动名词，和主语间有动宾关系，主动形式表示被动。此结构和 need 后接动词不定式的被动形式含义相同，即也可用 My trousers need to be shortened.表示。14、mind v.介
14、意；在乎；反对，当动词mind 为此意时常用在疑问、否定或条件句中。e.g.I dont mind the cold weather.我不在乎这样的冷天。注意：此句式中，mind 后只接动名词，表示请求。与Please turn down the radiofor a little.含义相近。e.g.Do you mind if I smoke here?我在此抽烟你不反对吗？注意：此句中也可用 Would you mind my(me)smoking here?表示，意义相近，以征求对方的意见或许可。15、run(ran,run)vi.（1）-to continue in operation
15、,performance,etc.（工作等）进行情况；（演出等）持续；（合同等）有效期（多久）。e.g.Is everything running well in your office?工作顺利吗？（2）-to move on ones legs at a speed faster than walking 跑；奔跑。e.g.Several children are running about on the sand.好几个孩子在沙滩上到处奔跑。（3）（车辆等）行驶。e.g.The buses run until after twelve.那些公共汽车一直行驶到 12 点以后。（4）-to
16、cause to work or be in operation（机器）运转；（钟表）走动。e.g.Does your watch run well?你的表走得准吗？16、Look forward to 盼望；希望（注意此短语中的 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。）e.g.The children are looking forward to the coming Christmas Day.孩子们期盼着即将来临的圣诞节。17、because of-by the reason of 由于；因为。此介词短语后一般接名词，在句中作状语，相当于连词 because 引导的原因状语从句。e.g.
17、He couldnt walk so fast as the others because of his wounded leg.(=because his leg was wounded.)由于一条腿受了伤，他不能与其他人走得一样快。18、begin with 以开始；以作为开端e.g.The concert began with the National Anthem.这场音乐会以奏国歌开场。注：与此短语相对的是 end with,意思是“以结束”；“以结尾”。注意短语 to begin with 作“首先”解。试比较：We cant go.To begin with,its too co
18、ld.Besides,we have no money.我们不能去，首先是天气太冷，再者我们没有钱。19、divideinto把分成；be divided into 分成；划分成。e.g.We divided ourselves into two groups and then began the game.我们分成 2 个组，就开始比赛了。20、future（1）n.-time yet to come 将来；未来；今后1）in future-from now on 从今以后e.g.Youd better be more careful with your spelling in future
19、.今后在拼写方面你最好更仔细些。2）in the future 将来；未来e.g.No one knows what the computers will be like in the future.没人知道在将来计算机会是怎样的。（2）n.-（expected or planned for）a persons life in time yet to come.前途，前景He really had great future.他的确有个光辉的前景。（3）adj.将来的；未来的e.g.Keep it for future use.把它保存好，以备后用。21、cause（1）vt.-make sth
20、.happen 使发生；引起；给带来e.g.His illness caused him to miss the game.他的病使他错过了这场比赛。（2）n.-a person,thing or event that makes sth.happen原因；起因e.g.The cause of the fire is carelessness.这场火灾是粗心引起的。注意：cause 作名词时，亦可作“原因”讲，但和 reason 略有区别。试比较：The cause of the accident was that he was driving too fast.事故的原因是他车开得太快。（指
21、引起事故的起因）The reason why he was driving so fast was that he was late for an importantmeeting.他车开得如此快的原因是一个重要会议他要迟到了。（为某行为作解释）22、be ready（ready 是形容词，用作表语。）（1）-be prepared and fit（for use）准备好e.g.Are you ready for the trip?你作好旅行准备了吗？（2）be willing(to do sth.)乐意、愿意（做某事）e.g.He is ready to help his friends.他
22、总是乐意帮助别人。（3）易于；动辄e.g.Some students are ready to give up when they meet with anythingdifficult in their studies.一些学生在学习上遇到困难时就轻易放弃了。23、（1）unexpected adj.-意外的；未预料到的；其反义词是 expected，意为可预料的。e.g.Something unexpected happened on my way to school yesterday.昨天在我去学校途中发生了一件意外之事。That must be expected.那应该是可预料到的。
23、（2）expect vt.-think(that someone will come or sth.will happen)预期；期待；指望。e.g.Our parents are always expecting too much of us.我们的父母对我们总是期望过高。（后接名词或代词）We expect to make a success this year.我们指望今年获得成功。（后接动词不定式）I expect that he will come to our party tonight.我指望今晚他能出席我们的晚会。（后接 that 从句）在口语中作“以为”、“料想”解。e.g.
24、“Will he be late?”“他会不会迟到？”“I expect so.”or“I dont expect so.”“我想他会的。”或“我想他不会的。”24、value;price（1）value n.-worthy of sth.in money when compared with sth.else（与它物比较时的）价值e.g.Most parents know the value of a good education.大多数父母都知道接受良好教育的重要性。其形容词为：valuable-of great value 宝贵的；很有价值的valueless-without value
25、 不值钱的The book written by Lu Xun are valuable.鲁迅先生写的书很有价值。This necklace is completely valueless.这串项链根本不值钱。注意：此两形容词的拼写：前者加后缀-able 时去 e,而后者则不。（2）price n.-money paid to buy sth.价格e.g.House price are going up(rising)/falling.房价在上涨/下跌。注意：price 只能用 high 和 low 修饰，不能 expensive 或 cheap。试比较：The price of the fl
26、ower is high.那花的价格很高。The flower is expensive.那花很贵。其形容词为 priceless-of very great value;贵重的；无价的；注意其义与valueless 全然不同。（3）value 和 price 两词的含义不同。试比较：I know the real value of this modern painting but its price is not highnow.我知道这幅现代画的真正价值，但现在它的价格并不贵。25、at all（1）根本；全然 此短语一般用在否定句中，以加强语气。e.g.Im not tired at a
27、ll.我一点儿也不累。（2）not at all 单独用在答语中表示“一点也不”或“不用谢”等。“I amsorry to trouble you”，“Not at all.”（“没关系”。）“Thank you foryour help，”“Not at all.”（“不用谢。”）（3）at all 有时也用在肯定句中。但此类句子往往带有不肯定的意思。e.g.I was surprised at his coming at all.我很奇怪，他竟然来了。（原以为他不会来的）26、better than any other 此句型是比较级中用以表示最高级含义的，意为“比其它任何都”例如：He
28、is taller than any other student in his class.他比班上任何别的学生都高。（意指他是班上最高的学生。与He is the tallest student in his class.含义相同。）此意还可以其它比较方式表示。e.g.He is taller than anyof the others/other students in his class.He is taller than anyone else in his class.注意易犯的错误，如：He is taller than any students/anyone in his cla
29、ss.此类句式表示他可能不属此班。27、lead vt.(led;led;)（1）领导：In 1915,Joe Hill led a strike in Salt Lake City.1915年，乔希尔在盐湖城领导了一场罢工。（2）引导；带领；The blind man was led to cross the street by a pioneer.那位盲人由一个少先队员领着穿过马路。（3）lead to-be a way、path or road to 通向e.g.His hard work leads to great success.他的勤奋使他获得了极大的成功。（4）leader n
30、.领导人；走在前头的人。28、miss vt.（1）miss sb.思念、想念（某人）e.g.You cant imagine how I missed the boy.你难以想象我是多么思念那个男孩。（2）-not hit 没击中（目标）e.g.The falling stone missed my head.那块落石没打中我的头。（3）-not catch the bus/train没赶上车/火车e.g.It was my fault that they had missed the train.他们没赶上火车是我的过失。（4）-not attend(the lecture)没出席、误了（
31、讲座等）e.g.Im really sorry to have to miss the lecture.不能听那个讲座，我实在遗憾。（5）迷失；丢失e.g.Ask her to look again and see if shes missed anything else.让她再找找看，是否丢失了别的东西。（6）missing adj.丢失的；缺掉的e.g.Your key is missing,isnt it?你的钥匙不见了，是吗？29、even though(even if)意为“即使”、“尽管”在复合句中引导让步状语从句。e.g.Even though their native lang
32、uage is not English,many classes aretaught in English.尽管他们的本国语并不是英语，然而许多课还是用英语教的。30、have trouble with sth./sb.（1）（在应付中）有困难。作此意时，短语中的 trouble 同 difficulty.e.g.Did you have any trouble with the work?做那项工作你有困难吗？（2）有病痛e.g.The woman went to see the doctor because she had trouble with herheart.那位女士昨天去看医生了
33、。因为她心脏有病。（3）have trouble(difficulty)in doing sth.做有困难，费事。此短语中的介词的可以省略。e.g.The old woman had trouble in reading the letter.那位老妇人看这封信有困难。31、（1）amusing adj.-causing laughter or smiles 好笑的；有趣的。e.g.He told an amusing story to break the ice.他讲了个有趣的故事以打破僵局。amusing 是由动词 amuse 加后缀 ing 构成，类似的形容词还有 surprising,
34、exciting,interesting,tiring 等。（2）amuse vt.1）-make time pass pleasantly 使快乐 amuse oneself with sth.or by doingsth.以自娱/消遣。e.g.He amused himself with books.他以书消遣。2）-make sb.laugh or smile 使发笑e.g.We were all amused by the story-telle rs jokes.我们都被那个故事员的笑话逗笑了。3）amusement n.娱乐活动e.g.There were not many amu
35、sements in the small town.这个小镇上娱乐活动不多。32、rather adv.（1）副词 rather 与形容词连用时，可放在不定冠词之前或之后；放在定冠词之后；也可与副词、介词等连用。表示“相当”、“颇”、“有点儿”之意。e.g.Its rather a hot day today.（或Its a rather hot day today.）今天是相当热的一天。The rather strong man who is talking with our headmaster is a footballplayer.在和我们校长讲话的那个相当健壮的人是个足球运动员。（放
36、在定冠词之后）Its rather like a snake.它颇像蛇。（与介词连用）（2）-more willingly 宁可；宁愿。作此意时与would 连用，后跟动词原形。e.g.She thought she would rather rather not go to the cinema last night.33、no wonder(that)此句型中 no wonder 作“怪不得”或“难怪”讲，后接 that 从句。e.g.He works hard.No wonder he has got an“A”in English again.他学习很努力，怪不得他英语测验又得了“A”
37、。34、invite vt.（1）invite sb.to dinner/tea/the party-邀请某人去参加晚宴/喝茶/晚会（此处 to 是介词）e.g.I was invited to dinner party by the Smiths.史密斯夫妇邀请我参加他们的宴会。（2）invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事e.g.The pianist was invted to give a piano concert next month.这位钢琴家被邀请下月举办一个钢琴演奏会。35、（1）allow vt.-let sb.do sth.允许；许可e.g.You cann
38、ot stand by and allow such a thing.你不能袖手旁观，听任此种事情发生。（2）allow sb.to do sth.允许、让（某人）做某事。e.g.They asked to be allowed to see the patient.他们请求获准见见那位病人。36、used to（过去）常，经常，是情态动词，只有过去式，表示过去存在的，但现在已停止的情况或习惯。后接不定式。e.g.He used to play cards.此句意为“他过去常打牌”。（But now he doesntplay cards.）此情态动词的否定句和疑问句有两种构成法：1）借用助动
39、词 dide.g.He did not use to swim in winter.（否定句）Did he use to swim in winter?（一般疑问句）He used to swim in winter,didnt he?（反意疑问句）2）不用助动词 did；否定式是 used not to 或 use(d)nt，上例句子同样可以写成：He used not to swim in winter.Used he to swim in winter?He used to swim in winter,use(d)nt he?3）在 there be 结构中There used to
40、be a river here.过去这儿有条河。（肯定句）Used there to be a river here?（一般疑问句）There used to be a river here,use(d)nt there?（或 didnt there?）37、belong to（1）-be the property of 属于（某人）、成为（某人）（之财产）。e.g.These books belong to the old man.这些书是那位老人的。注意：belong to sb.不用作被动语态。（2）-be a member of 为之一员；已加入。e.g.What club do yo
41、u belong to?你是哪个俱乐部的会员？38、pretend 假装（1）vt.后面可接动词不定式或 that 从句。e.g.He pretended to be ill.同 He pretended that he was ill.他装病。He pretended that he did not understand what I meant.他假装不明白我的意思。同 He pretended not to understand what I meant.The girl pretended that she was reading.那个女孩假装在看书。同 The girl preten
42、ded that she was reading.The an pretended to have done the work himself.同：The man pretended that he had done the work himself.那人装作他自己做了那项工作。（2）vi.e.g.Leave her alone.She isnt really crying;she is only pretending.别管她。她不是真哭，是假装的。39、form（1）n.-(of)a kind 种类；类型e.g.I like any form of exercise.我喜欢任何形式的运动。（
43、2）n.格式；表格e.g.Please fill in this form,giving your name,age and address.请在这份表格内填上你的姓名，年龄和地址。（3）vt.-to take or make into a shape 形成e.g.The little girl formed the clay into a bird.小女孩把粘土捏成一只小鸟。（4）vi.-to(cause to)come into being 产生；组成e.g.A plan began to form in his mind.一个计划在他脑中形成。40、Its better(for sb.)
44、to do sth.此句型用以建议某人最好（做）。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。其意与 sb.had better do sth.的句型相近。e.g.Its better(for you)to have a rest（同Youd better have a rest.）.You look so tired.你显得如此疲乏，最好休息一下。41、主+find+it+形容词（名词）+to do sth.这是个含有复合宾语的句式。句中it 是动词 find 的宾语，与后面的形容词一起构成复合宾语。而真正的宾语是不定式或 that 引导的宾语从句。e.g.Well find it importa
45、nt to keep the balance of nature.我们会发现保持生态平衡是重要的。（不定式作宾语）含有此类句型的动词有 think,make 等。e.g.We want to make it clear to the public that the dustmens job isnecessary.我们要使公众明白，清运工们的工作是不可少的。（that 从句作宾语）42、ahead of-in front of（1）在前面：There is a bright future ahead of us.在我们前面有着光明的未来。（2）比早：Betty left on day ahea
46、d of us.贝蒂比我们早一天离开。（3）be ahead of 比强；胜过e.g.Mary is ahead of all the other girls in her class in English.玛丽的英语比她班上其他女生强。43、a box with a lot of food in it.这是一个由介词with+宾语+介词短语结构，在句中可用作定语，修饰名词或用作状语，表示伴随情况，修饰谓语动词。e.g.We saw a small river with red flowers and green grass on both sides.我们看到一条小河，两岸长着红花绿草。（作
47、定语，修饰名词 river）The boy rushed into the classroom with a football under his arm.那个男孩腋下夹着个足球，冲进了教室。（作状语，修饰谓语动词 rushed）44、continue v.（1）vt.-go on doing sth.继续（做某事）1）They deciede to continue the football match.他们决定继续进行足球比赛。（后接名词）The story will be continued in next issue.这故事将在下一期里继续登载。（可用于被动语态）2）动词 contin
48、ue 后面可接动词不定式或动名词做宾语（意义上无甚区别）e.g.They continued to climb/climbing the mountain though it was raining.虽然天在下雨，但他们继续爬山。（2）vi.-go on happening 继续；延续。e.g.How far does this railway line continue?这条铁路线全长多少？45、So do I.与 Neither/Nor do I.这是一种倒装结构，表示“也”之意。其结构是：肯定：So+be/have/(do,will,can 等助动词或情态动词)+主语否定：Neither
49、/Nor+be/have/(do,will,can等助动词或情态动词)+主语e.g.He is a basketball fan.So am I.（同：I am a basketball fan,too.）他是个篮球迷，我也是。Mary doesnt like swimming.Neither/Nor do I.（同：I dont likeswimming,either.）46、强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其它部分此句型中，被强调部分常是句中的主语、宾语或状语。被强调部分指人时，用who 或 that 皆可；指事物或情况时，则用 that。应注意：（1）若被强调
50、部分是时间状语或地点状语，不能用 when 或 where,而用 that。（2）被强调的代词的格应与原句的格一致。例如1）原句：You are wrong.It is you who are wrong.（强调主语 you）2）原句：I first met him here a year ago.It was here that I first met him a year ago.（强调地点状语 here）It was a year ago that I first met him here.（强调时间状语 a year ago）47、develop v.（1）vt.-发展；养成；形成；培