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1、Foundedin1878byThomasAlvaEdisonMergerin1892-TheEdisonGeneralElectricCompany-TheThomson-HoustonCompanyOneofthe12stocksthatmadeupthefirstDJIAindexin1896.Inthelistcontinuouslysince1907TheHeritage培训专用美国通用电气公司的战略管理模式（GE）培训专用TodaysBasicsRevenue:$125.7BDomestic:Foreign2:1NetIncome$13.7BMarketCapitalization
2、:$244BEmployees:310,00013majorbusinessesMorethan100countries培训专用CompareandContrast81TodayRevenue$27.2B$125.7BEarnings$1.7B$13.7BMarketValue$13B$244BBusinesses4313Employees404,000310,000培训专用TheThreeFamiliesLong-CycleBusinessesGEShort-CycleBusinessesFinancialServices培训专用Long-CycleBusinessesLong-CycleB
3、usinessesAircraftEnginesPowerSystemsMedicalSystemsTransportationSystems培训专用Short-CycleBusinessesShort-CycleBusinessesConsumerAppliancesIndustrialSystemsSpecialtyMaterialsNBCPlastics培训专用FinancialServicesFinancialServicesCommercialFinanceConsumerFinanceEquipmentManagementInsuranceBusiness培训专用ASummaryo
4、fBusinessFinances培训专用TheShareofthePie培训专用TheShareofthePie培训专用TheEra:HowtheMarketValuedit培训专用Compare&ContrastwithPre-WelchEra培训专用FromFollowingtheEconomy培训专用ToSettingthePace培训专用TheTurnaroundHowdidtheydoit?培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981S
5、trengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用JackWelchsvisionBenumber1or2(Fix,sellorclose)Welchsetthestandardforeachbusinesstobecomethe#1or#2competitorinitsindustry“A decade from now,I would like General E
6、lectricto be perceived as a unique,high-spirited,entrepreneurial enterprise.the most profitable,highly diversified company on earth,with world quality leadership in every one of its product lines”培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981Strength
7、sWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary less
8、nessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用StrengthsSizeDiversifiedportfolioRelationswiththegovernmentFinancialstrengthWeaknessesBureaucraticmechanisticorganizationManylayersfromtoptobottomDoingitbythebookinsteadofdoingitrightforthecustomer,employeeorbusinessBusinessesasIsland
9、suntothemselvesOpportunitiesEmergingmarketsChangingbusinessmodelsThreatsTheJapanesechallengeRecessionaryUSeconomywithhighinterestratesandastrongdollarSWOTanalysisin1981培训专用JackWelchsvisionBenumber1or2(Fix,sellorclose)Welchsetthestandardforeachbusinesstobecomethe#1or#2competitorinitsindustry“A decade
10、 from now,I would like General Electricto be perceived as a unique,high-spirited,entrepreneurial enterprise.the most profitable,highly diversified company on earth,with world quality leadership in every one of its product lines”培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDyn
11、amicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用BusinessRestructuringGE-McKinseyMatrixQuestion markAppliances Specialty MaterialsWinner Aircraft Engines Power SystemsWinnerMedical Sys
12、temsCapitalLoser Consumer ElectronicsAverage Business PlasticsIndustrial SystemsWinnerTransportationLoser Central A/CHouse waresCoal miningLoserProfit ProducerLightingHighMediumLowLowMediumHighMarketAttractivenessCompetitivePosition培训专用Reorganizationofbusinesses培训专用Changingcompositionofbusinesses培训专
13、用BusinessRestructuring.contdToFromFourNineDe-layeringofhierarchicallevelsEvaluatedagainstexternalcompetitionInternalcomparisonswithpastperformanceFocusofBudgetingprocessRealtimeplanningStrategicPlanningprocessPlanningprocess培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamic
14、PerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用ScientificManagementVsTransformationalleadershipWritingSpeakerCautiousAggressiveHarmonyConfrontationalSystemorientedIndividualorientedInteg
15、rationthrucommitteesThruProcessesRelieson ReportsOnemployeefeedbackAvoideduncertaintyAccepteditControlledchangeReveledinchangeReginaldJonesJackWelchPath-breakingLeadershipofGE培训专用 GroomingagenerationofleadersTypeIIIGotridoffquicklyTypeIStarTypeIIGivenanotherchanceTypeIVAskedtoleaveLowHighHighLowTeam
16、ValuesPerformance培训专用LeadersofthefutureThe4EsEnergy-excitedbyideasbecauseoftheopportunitybringsEnergize-infectingeveryonewiththesameenthusiasmforanideaEdge-theabilitytomaketoughdecisionsExecute-theabilitytoturnvisionintoresults培训专用“Work-out”wasaprocessinitiatedbyJackWelchandJamesBaughmantoaddressthe
17、issueofincreasingproductivitybychangingthein-houseculturetoreflectthatofansmallfirm,characterizedbySpeedSimplicitySelfConfidence“Work-out”Self-ConfidenceSimplicitySpeedOrganizationalRestructuring-“Work-out”培训专用Culturein1980sFinetunedFinancialAnalysisLongStrategicDeliberationsCentralizedControlsMulti
18、levelApprovalsCultureinlate1980s1990sSpeedSimplicitySelfConfidenceWork-outProcessTransformationofcultureatGEtosustaingrowth&productivityOrganizationalRestructure“Work-out”培训专用Implementationofatypicalin-house“workout”ConsultantassignedtoeachGEbusinesstofacilitate3-dayoff-sitesGroupsof40100employeesin
19、vitedtoshareviewsabouttheirbusinessandhowitmightbeimproved.UnitBosspresentschallenge/problemandleavesfacilitatorswithemployeestolistproblems,debatesolutions,andpreparepresentations.Results(analysisandrecommendations)werepresentedtotheUnitBossonthefinalday.Immediatedecisions“yes/no”takenontheproposal
20、sbytheUnitBoss.DeadlinesfixedtoreviewadditionalinformationPromptactionandfollow-uponproposalsOrganizationalRestructure“Work-out”培训专用Implementationofatypicalin-house“workout”Work-outOrganizationParticipationProblemPresentationEvaluationResultPresentationDecisionAction/FollowupResultsof“Work-out”:1981
21、198819922%productivityannually4%productivityannually“Work-out”Process培训专用SalientFeaturesof“Work-out”Culturecharacterizedbyspeed,simplicityandself-confidence.Ideassolicitedfromeveryone,everywhereNoboundariescreatedbyorganizationalhierarchy.NodocumentationFocusonturningtalkintoaction.Focusonaddressing
22、realproblemsandsolutionsNofunctionalspecializationandhierarchicalpowerdifferencesinhibitingflowsandimplementationofaction.Promptactioninformationregardlessofthesource.Closingtheloop-FollowingupondecisionsandlearningbydoingOrganizationalRestructure“Work-out”培训专用DomesticOperationForeignOperationGE:Bou
23、ndrylessOrganizationEngineeringManufacturingMarketingSalesCustomerServiceTraditionalStructureGeographicallySegmentedBoundbyFunctionalbarriersNoideasharingLabeldependentBoundrylessStructureGE:ASeamlessOrganizationIntegratedApproachNoFunctionalBarriersBonusandoptionslinkedtoideageneration&sharingNoLab
24、eldependenceOrganizationalRestructure-BoundrylessBehavior培训专用WorkoutsBoundrylessBehaviorOrganizationalChangeleadingtoSuperiorCustomerResponsivenessDifferentiatingFactorValueCreationCompetitiveAdvantageOrganizationalchangecompetitiveadvantageOrganizationalRestructure培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthE
25、ngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用MarketsGrowthEnginePresentNewPresentNewMarketPenetrationProduct/serviceExtensionDiversificationMa
26、rket ExpansionPresentNewProductsAcquisitionGlobalization培训专用MarketsGrowthEnginePresentNewPresentNewMarketPenetrationProduct/serviceExtensionDiversificationMarket ExpansionPresentNewProductsAcquisitionGlobalization培训专用MarketsGrowthEnginePresentNewPresentNewFour PillarsProduct/serviceExtensionDiversif
27、icationMarket ExpansionPresentNewProductsAcquisitionGlobalization培训专用FocusonbuildingblocksofcompetitiveadvantageQualityInnovationCustomerResponsivenessEfficiencyMarketPenetrationMarketPenetration培训专用MarketPenetrationCoreBusinessHighTechnologyServicesInvestinimprovingQuality&Efficiencystayontheleadin
28、gedgebyinvestinginR&DAchievesuperiorcustomerresponsivenessThreeCircleConcept:threeparallelapproaches培训专用GEsforayintotheServicesIndustrywas2-prongedTooffsetthedependenceofGEonitsindustrialproductswithinitsexistingmarketandhelpitsbusinessesreachthe#1position.Tocountertheslumpinthedemandforexistingprod
29、uctsbyprovidingvalue-addedservicesBenefits:HugegrowthpotentialforGEandResultinincreasedrevenuethroughvalue-addedservices.e.g.:ServicebasedtechnologiessuchasrealtimemonitoringcapabilitiesdevelopedbyGEsMedicalSystemstobetransferredtotherealtimemonitoringofAircraftEnginesandPowerBusinessUnits.Product/S
30、erviceExtensions培训专用ServiceExtensionsinexistingmarketswererealizedbyacquisitionssuchas$1.5billionjetengineservicebusiness$600millionpurchaseofaglobalpowergenerationequipmentservicecompanyServiceExtensions:RevenueGrowth培训专用MarketExpansion(Globalization)Why?-6%Vs12%-Cost&QualityAdvantage-IntellectualC
31、apital培训专用DiversificationCreatingvaluebyDecreasingoverallportfoliorisk.longcycle&shortcyclebusinessesSuperiorInternalGovernanceviaMacro-managementTransferringcompetenciesboundarylessbehaviorEconomiesofscopeAbalancingactBureau-cracyValueDestroyingvaluebybloatedbureaucracyInformationoverloadLackofCoor
32、dination培训专用How?Smartbombing:ThinkGlobalActLocal-DevelopedGlobalMarkets-EmergingGlobalMarketsFactorEndowmentsIntensityofRivalryLocalDemandConditionsCompetitivenessNationalCompetitiveAdvantageIssues:PortersDiamondMarketExpansion(Globalization)培训专用GlobalizationforMarketexpansionanddiversification培训专用P
33、roduct/ServiceExtension&Diversification:AcquisitionsWhy?-Quickerwaytoachievesignificantgrowth-Lesseruncertainty-Highbarrierstoentry(maturebusinesses)培训专用Industrial/NBC Financial Services a)#DealsDeals34 3452 5256 5610110110810813413495 95TBDTBDa)Financial Services Data includes(cash,debt,stock)Asset
34、 Portfolio Dealsb)Total ConsiderationTransaction Value Transaction Value b)b)ACQUISITIONS CRITICAL TO GES GROWTH.ACQUISITIONS CRITICAL TO GES GROWTH.Acquisitions培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspectiveSWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBest
35、practicesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用QualityFourPillarsContinuousImprovementBestpracticesOvercomeInertiaSustainingCompetitiveAdvantage培训专用Six Sigma EvolutionWhat Does Six SigmaSix Sigma Do For GE?1995 1995 PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY1997 1997
36、 PRODUCT DESIGNPRODUCT DESIGN1998 1998 THE CUSTOMERTHE CUSTOMER1999 1999 FULFILLMENTFULFILLMENT2000 2000 DIGITIZATIONDIGITIZATIONEvolutioninGE Drives Customer Centricity Improves Product/Service Capability Reduces Costs Improves Performance Reliability Foundation for e-Business/Digitization培训专用$600$
37、600$500$450$380$200$2500$1200$700$170CostCostBenefitBenefit19961996CostCostBenefitBenefit19971997CostCostBenefitBenefit19981998CostCostBenefitBenefit19991999CostCostBenefitBenefit200020006 6 Sigma CostSigma Cost6 6 Sigma ProductivitySigma ProductivityDelighting CustomersDelighting CustomersResultsfr
38、om6Sigma$2500$3.0$3.0B B$0.5$0.5B B$2.5$2.5$2.5$2.5B B B B培训专用HEADHEADSPINESPINECHESTCHESTABDOMENABDOMENPELVISPELVISLIVERLIVER1 minute19 seconds9 9 millionmillion2 minutes15 seconds1 1 millionmillion3 minutes17 seconds4 4 millionmillion20 seconds06 seconds6 6 millionmillionExam TimeExam TimeBeforeBe
39、foreExam TimeExam TimeAfterAfterProceduresProceduresper Yearper YearGEMS LightSpeed CT Scanner Abdomen:liver,spine,kidneyHead:skull,brainImage SpeedsImage Speeds Before Before After After After Productsfrom6Sigma培训专用Benchmarking&BestPracticesharingBenchmarkingFirstcarriedoutin1988,againstFord,Hewlet
40、tPackard,Xerox,andToshibaononlyproductivitydimensionsCurrently,usedfortarget-settingforallprocessesandfunctionsConductedusingPEERnextandeOPTIMISsoftwaretoolsBestPracticessharingSixSigmatrackerforeachbusinessandSixSigmacafeacrossGEAdoptionofBestPracticesinstitutionalizedviaCopy CatAwardAggressivelydr
41、ivenbyGEOperatingsystem培训专用OvercominginertiaTransition StateTransition StateCurrentCurrentStateStateImprovedImprovedStateStateMonitoringprogressMakingchangelastMobilizingcommitmentShapingavisionCreatingasharedneed培训专用SWOTVisionRestructuringGrowthEngineSustainingCompetitiveadvantageDynamicPerspective
42、SWOT:1981StrengthsWeakness4blocksSixSigmaInertiaBestpracticesLeadershipBoundary lessnessValuesStrategicModelFront-endFocusDigitizationBPOandchange培训专用BusinessProcessOutsourcingBenefitsofOutsourcingProvideCapacityCreateStrategicAdvantageMovetoVariableCostBetterProcessDeliveryRemoteprocessingofBack-en
43、doperationsLeveragestheintellectualtalentandprocessingcostdifferentialofdevelopingcountriesEg.UnderwritingprocessforGE credit cards,Mortgage,SFG etc.foranycustomerinUSAandEuropetakeplaceinDelhi,India.培训专用Digitization is transforming everything GE does;Automatingworkflowandleveragingtheinternetiscruc
44、ialtothefuturesuccessofGEMakingGEfaster,leanerandsmarterevenasGEbecomebigger.Results:$7billionworthofgoodsandservicesweresoldoverthenetin2000.$6billionwasconductedononlineauctions$1.5billiongeneratedbyGEinoperatingmarginimprovementsin2001E-business/Digitization培训专用Thisisthequoteoftheday.fromJeffsana
45、lystmeetingafterSep11th2001GE is built to outperform,said Immelt,who also predicted double-digit growth in 2002.I was chairman for two days,and then I had jets with my engines hit a building I insured which was covered by a network I owned,and we still grew(2001)earnings by 11 percent.I think were i
46、n pretty good shape.培训专用Appendix培训专用 GE E-Business Internet StrategiesStrategyDefinitionWhat is it?ExamplesVisualDisintermediationAggregationCommunity PortalPermeate theCustomers SpaceCustomer-SpecifiedProducts and Termse ee ee e$Dynamic Pricinge ee eTakeoverorremembercustomersdataandremembertheirpr
47、ocessesorpreferencesGetbetweenthebuyerandsellerCreateacommunityofbuyersandsellersTakeouttheMiddleManLetthecustomerintodesigndataandprocessesCreateaMarketGEAppliancesPurchasingappliancesonlineisavailableforcustomersalongwithsparesandaccessoriesDirectSellingProvideabroadrangeofproductinformationGELigh
48、tingDetailedandvisualproductinformationcategorizedforhome,businessorautomotiveuseGESupplyCreatesnetworkforcommunicationbetweenallsuppliersProvideproductsandservicestomembersRememberthecustomerspreferences,paymentmethods,recentpurchases,etc.GEFinancialNetworkProvidesOnlineinsuranceQuotesandpaymentfac
49、ility.Also,updatescustomersofnewoffersCustomerdesigns/configurestheirownproductGELightingThereissoftwaretodownloadthathelpsdecidetheperfectlightAuctionsGEXchangeElectronicExchangethatallowscustomerstonametheirownpricesCo-Marketing RelationshipsService PartnershipExtendserviceintothecustomersorganiza
50、tionSharecustomerstocreateamorecompellingproductGEMedicalSystemsOther consumable Diagnostic products of suppliers can be purchased along with CT scan spares DirectSellingandAdvertisinge ee eEnsuringthatthecustomerneedsaremetGEAircraftEngineswouldkeepaninventoryofenginesinstocktomeetrequire-mentsandn