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1、高中英语动词的时态和语态高中英语动词的时态和语态一、动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。常用的有9种,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时(其他比较常用的还有将来进行时、将来完成时)。(一)一般现在时I、构成:肯定式:1) ( I )+ am / do2)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt )+ is/does3) (复数名词、We, You, They) + are /do否定式:1) ( I ) am not / dont do2) (单数名词、不可数
2、名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt )is not /doesnt do3) (复数名词、We, You, They) are not /dont do疑问式:1) am ( I ) / do ( I ) do ?2) is(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、It )+?3) does(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、It ) + do+?4) are (复数名词、We, You, They) ?5) do (复数名词、We, You, They) do ?II、用法:1、表示经常性、习惯生的动作;表示现在的状态
3、、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every + 时间名词等时间状语。如:1)地球绕着太阳转。The earth moves around the sun. (真理)2)我们非常高兴。We are very happy. (现在的状态)3)他每天坚持做早锻炼。Haking morning exvery day.(经常性的动作)2、在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:1)我毕业时,我会去农村。When I graduate, Ill go to the countryside.2)如果你们今天下午来,我们就开一个会。If you come this af
4、ternoon, well have a meeting.3、有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如begleave, go, arrive, staulose等。如:1)遵义到上海的火车在早上九点发出。The traZuanghai starts ag.2)会将定在明天下午三点开始。Tg begins at 3:00 next a、表示状态和感觉的动词如be, like, haber, find, sound等常于一般现在时,不用现在进行时,如:1)这故事听起来挺有趣。Tunds vg.2)我仍然旧记得我们一起在农村工作的日子。I still re
5、member the days when we wuntryside.5、书报的标题、小说、戏剧的情节介绍常用一般现在时。(二)一般过去时I、构成:肯定式:1) ( I、单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt) was / did2) (复数名词、We, You, They) were /did否定式:1) ( I、单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt) was / did not2) (复数名词、We, You, They) w/did not疑问式:1) was+ ( I、单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其
6、短语、从句、HIt)?2) did + ( I、单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt) + do ?3) were (复数名词、We, You, They) ?4) did (复数名词、We, You, They) + do ?II、用法1、表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。如:1)2022年他在一家工厂工作。He worked in a factory in 2022.2)昨天我去了一趟超市。I went to a supermarket yesterday.2、表示过去经常 发生的动作,也可用“used to / would + 动词
7、原形”来表示。如:1)在假期期间,我常去书店看书。During the vacation I would read bb2)汤姆过去常常迟到。Tom use to be lalass.注意: “used to”表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再”的含义。(三)一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。I、构成:肯定式:1) S. + will / shall + 动词原形2) S. + is / am / are to + 动词原形3) S. + is / am / are about to + 动词原形4) 现在进行时表将来 5)
8、一般现在时表将来否定式:1) S. + will / shall/ not + 动词原形2) S. + is / am / a+ 动词原形3) S. + is / am / are /not about to + 动词原形4) 现在进行时表将来 5)一般现在时表将来疑问式:1) will / shall + S. + 动词原形?2) is / am / are + S. + to + 动词原形?4) is / am / are + S. + about to + 动词原形?5) 现在进行时表将来 6)一般现在时表将来II、用法:1、“will / shall +动词原形” 表示将来的动作或状态
9、,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。will 表示将要发生某事或主语的“意愿”说话人说话时刻才考虑到的表示客观规律必然发生的可用于含有条件句的主句或从句中表示“意愿”。如:1)我们明天要开一次会。We will / shall have a meetingw.2、“be going to +动词原形” 表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事(侧重于主观原因)。表示“计划、打算、安排将要做的事”时,主语只能是人说话人说话之前已考虑过的主语是物时,表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事,不能用于含有条件句的主句中。如:1)他打算今夏买一辆新车。He is going to buy a new caumme
10、r.2)乌云聚集,要下雨了。The dark clouds are gathering and it is going to ra、“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。与第二人称连用时,表示转述第三者的话表示命令,相当于should / must表示“能”“该”“想要”“注定、不可避免”如:1)咱们要继续这项工作吗?Are we to go on wwork? (征求对方意见)2)这个男孩明天要去上学。The bglw. (按计划进行)4、“be about to+动词原形”表示动作马上发生,意为be ready to do sth.;句中不能再加adiately和表示
11、具体时间的词语;常有“be about to.when”结构。如:1)我们就要走了。We are about to leave.5、gart, move, sail, leave, arrive, stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作,后常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。如:1)我下周三去北京。I am going to Beijing next Wednesday.2)我将在北京住上一周的时间。Im staying in Beijing for a week.3)小明将在三小时后到。Xiaoming is arriving wurs.6、某些动词如come, go ,leave, a
12、rrive, start, get, stay等的一般现在时也可表示将来。如:1)他将在下一站下车。He will get off next stop.2)会议在五点钟开始。The meeting starts at five oclock.(四)现在进行时I、构成 be + doing肯定式:1)( I ) am + doing2)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、It )+ is + doing3) (复数名词、We, You, They) + are + doing否定式:1)( I ) am not + doing2)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和
13、其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt )+ doing3) (复数名词、We, You, They) + are not + doing疑问式:1)am + ( I ) + doing ?2) is +(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt )+ doing ?3) are (复数名词、We, You, They) + doing ?II、用法:1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。如:1)你在干什么呀? What are you doing?2)中国经济发展迅速。Chinadeveloping very rapidedly.2、表示感觉、愿望和状态性动词不用
14、进行时态,包括:1)be和have,或者含有be 和have意义的动词,如:belongain, depend on, ow等;2)feel, sound, smell, taste等连系动词;(3)head等表示结果的动词;(4)表示心理或情感状态的动词,如:believe, love, want, understand, wish等。3、进行时态和副词alwaver等连用时,往往带有一定的感情色彩,如赞扬、批评、不满、抱怨等;如:1)她这人老爱埋怨。She is always complaining.注意:“系动词 + 介词或副词”也可用来表示进行时的意义,不过其多指一个被动的动作。如:1
15、) be unduction be being constructed2) be under repair be being repaired3) be under discussion be being discussed4) be under attack be being attacked(五)现在完成时I、构成:has / have + done肯定式:1)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt ) has + done2) (复数名词、I、We, You, They) + have + done否定式:1)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、
16、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt ) has + done2) (复数名词、I、We, You, They) + have not+ done疑问式:1)has +(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt )+ done2) have + (复数名词、I、We, You, They) + doneII、用法:1、现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。如:1)他去过福州。He has been to Fuzhou. (主语he曾经去过福州,现在不在福州。)2、现在完成时表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会继续下去,常用fo
17、r 表示一段时间的状语,recently, lately, so far, up to now, by nowaars/等表示包括现时间在内的状语及句型It+完成时和since+过去的点时间等连用。如:1) 我现在已做完了工作。Now I havd the work.2) 我好久没有收到过亨利的信了。 你认为他发生了啥事呢? I havent heard from Ha long time. What do you suppose has happened to him?3)物价降下来了,不过我怀疑是否会稳定不变了呢。Tas gone down, but I doubt wwill rema)
18、 你到底了不了解我们这个城市? 一点儿都不了解,这是我第一次来这里。 Do you know our town at all?注意:表示短暂时间动作的词如come, go, die, marry, buy 等的完成时不能与等表示一段时间的词连用。3、现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句,表示将来某时完成的动作(即现在完成时表将来完成时),如:1)如果清晨停止了下雪,我们就去公园。If it had snowingg, well gark.2)我一做完作业就去你家。Ill go to your home when I havdwork.(六)过去进行时I、构成:I、构成:has / have +
19、 done肯定式:1)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt, I) was + doing2) (复数名词、We, You, They) + were + doing否定式:1)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt, I) was not + doing2) (复数名词、We, You, They) + w+ doing疑问式:1)was +(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt, I)+ doing?2) were + (复数名词、We, You, They) + were + doin
20、g?II、用法:1、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段进行的动作。如:1)雪莱(Shirley)去年在写一本有关中国的书,不过我不知道她现在是否写完了。Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know wad it.2)我三年前初次遇到丽莎。她当时在无线电商店工作。I Lisa several years ago, she was working at a rada我想吉姆并没有看见我,他那时正看着天空呢。I donawwas just staringace.3)她在看报纸时,格兰尼就睡着了。As she was
21、 reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.(七)过去完成时I、构成:had + done肯定式:S. + had + done否定式:had not+ done疑问式:had + S. + doneII、用法:1、过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状太。句中常用 “by +过去时刻(间)”, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。如:1)当他终天收到期盼已久的杂志时双眼放大放异彩。Hbrightly wally received the magaad long expected.2)杰克到达时得知玛丽离开近
22、一个小时了。When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.3)布朗去拿那本落在办公室的书时,学生们正在忙于写作。The students were writing busily Brown went to get a book.(八)过去将来时I、构成:肯定式:1) S.(第一人称) +should + 动词原形2) S(第二、三人称) + would + 动词原形3) S. +was / were to + 动词原形3) S. + was / were about to + 动词原形4) S. + was
23、 / were going to + 动词原形否定式:1) S.(第一人称) +should not + 动词原形2) S(第二、三人称) + would not + 动词原形3) S. +was / w+ 动词原形3) S. + was / wabout to + 动词原形4) S. + was / wgoing to + 动词原形疑问式:1) should +S.(第一人称) + 动词原形?2) would + S. +动词原形?3) was / were +S. + to + 动词原形?3) was / were+ S. + about to + 动词原形?4) was / were +
24、S.+ going to + 动词原形?II、用法:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:1)艾丽斯,你昨天咋没来呢? 我原打算来的,不过后来来了一个不速之客。 Alice, why didnt youday? I was going to, but I had an unexpected 2)你有没有问老师今天下午我们要干什么呀?Did you aacher what we would do this a?3)要是医生没有及时给那个婴儿看病的话,它或许还在住院呢。If the doctor hadbabwould be stillal.(九)现在完成进行时I、构成
25、:has / have + been + doing肯定式:1)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt ) has + been +doing2) (复数名词、I、We, You, They) + have + been + doing否定式:1)(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt ) has not+ been +doing2) (复数名词、I、We, You, They) + have not + been + doing疑问式:1)has +(单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式和其短语、动名词及其短语、从句、HIt )
26、+ been + doing2) have + (复数名词、I、We, You, They) + been + doingII、用法:表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作,该动作或许已经结束或许还会延续下去。如:1)他们一直在修那条公路。They have been repairing the road.2)他还在写信。He has been writing a letter.注意: 1)有些词如work, study, live, teach等用现在完成进行时与现在完成时意思差不多。 2)表示短暂动作的动词如arry, get ugo等不能用于这种时态。 附: 练习(一)1. This kin
27、d of glasses _(wear)ably.2. The plane _(take) off aw morning.3. If I _(not invite), I wont g_ always _(complain) aboub.5. II _(visit) the Birds NIt _(be) 5 yeaarated.7. The past few years _(see) the rapid devela.8. Why are you so hot? -I _(play) football wlassmates and how I want to have a drink. (二
28、)1. Bd of lawe _(learn) 12 units.2. I _(work) in Shanghaars. Im proud to have had such an exIday. -You _(not see) eaages. 4. They _(mean)at the abut they glate.5. Dont taausly. He was so sad that I donally _(know) what he was saying.6. Can you givadvice on what I said just now? -d _ (wander). (三)1.
29、We _( send) for a du are not ba2. I _(finish) the work buBy 8 oclw evening, I _(finish)ance and _(meet)agIm suarder you wbgress you _(make).5. Hd he _(not make) the same mistake again.6. Hurry uu _(be) lalass.(四)1. No d_(make) about any future auntil all the candidates have bviewed.2. TI gI found I _ (leave) my jalayground.3. Im sure Andrew will wal. IHe _(prepare)udy is going to maailor she _(meet) in Rome last year. 5. He _(play) football regularly for many years wwas young.6. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgll you. The new machine _(test)学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网(北京)股份有限公司学科网(北京)股份有限公司