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1、 Grammar同位语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句 表语从句ReviewReview1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是什么是宾语宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydontyoupayattentiontome?宾语:位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物
2、动词）或介词之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词that（无词义）,whether,ifwhat,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,whichever，whomeverwhen,where,why,how有词义，但不做成分有词义，做主，宾，表，定语 有词义，做状语 二、宾语从句的二、宾语从句的引导引导词词引导词1.that-
3、无词义，不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,只引导作用Ihear(that)_.Hesaid(that)_.Theteachertoldus(that)_.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesunthat不能省略的情况（2 2）用）用itit做形式宾语的宾语从句时做形式宾语的宾语从句时 it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾 IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglisha
4、loud.Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.（1 1）当）当thatthat作介词作介词except,inexcept,inexcept,inexcept,in，butbutbutbut等介词宾等介词宾语时语时Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.that不能省略的情况（4 4）当不及物动词后跟两个或以上的宾语从句时，第二个及之后从当不及物动词后跟两个或以上的宾语从句时，第二个及之后从句的句的thatthat不
5、能省不能省 Ihope(that)IcangetagoodmarkandthatIcangotocollege.我希望我能取得好成绩，然后上大学.（3 3）当动词和）当动词和thatthat从句之间有插入语或主句的状语时从句之间有插入语或主句的状语时Welearnedatschoolthateverythingweseeandtouchismatter.我们在学校里学到，我们看到和触摸到的一切都是物质。that不能省略的情况（6 6）当当thatthat引导的宾语从句中含有一个状语从句，且这个状语从句引导的宾语从句中含有一个状语从句，且这个状语从句在宾从的主句之前在宾从的主句之前Aliakne
6、wthatifthebooksweretobesafe,theymustbemovedagainwhilethecitywasquite.阿利亚知道，如果想让这些书安全，它们必须在城市安静的时候再次被转移。（5 5）当）当thatthat引导的宾从移到句首时，不可省引导的宾从移到句首时，不可省ThatsheeversaidsuchwordsIsimplydontbelieve.我简直不相信她曾说过这样的话。2.whether/if-“是否”，不充当成分，表不确定的事情。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后Iwanttoknow_.2.Askhim_.3.
7、Iwonder_.4.Couldyoutellme_?if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotwhether(if)MrLiliveshere只能用whether不能用if的情况1.1.在介词后面：在介词后面：2.2.在动词不定式前在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.)(whether to do sth.)3.3.当与当与or notor not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时4.4.宾语从句提前时宾语从句提前时Practicetime1.Ia
8、skedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Iwonder_heiswell.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_.2.Doyouknow_?3.Heasked_.4.Doyouknow_?5.Pleasetellme_.6.Canyoutellme_?7.Couldyoutellme_?whocouldanswerthequestion whomtheyarewaitingforwhos
9、ebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate在句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。在句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。3.连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what连接副词where,how,why,when及wh-疑问词+ever引导的主语从句what引导宾语从句的不同用法2.what 2.what 引导宾从并在从句中作主、宾、表，表示引导宾从并在从句中作主、宾、表，表示“所所.的的.”1).表示“.的东西或事情”相当
10、于thethingthat;allthat;everythingthat;Idontknowwhatheneeds.我不知道他需要什么。1.1.whatwhat引导宾从并在从句中作定语，用在名词前表示感叹，意为引导宾从并在从句中作定语，用在名词前表示感叹，意为“多么多么”OnlythendidIrecognizewhatsillymistakesIhadmade.what引导宾语从句的不同用法2).表示“.的时间”相当于thetimethat;Theboydevedintowaterandafterwhatseemedtobealongetime,hecameupagain.男孩潜到水里，过了
11、很长一段时间，他终于浮了上来。3).表示“.的人”相当于thepeoplethat;Heisnotwhatheusedtobeafewyearsago.4).表示“.的地方”相当于theplacethat;In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.1492年，哥伦布到达了现在称为美洲的地方。5).表示“.的数目”相当于thenumber/amountthat;Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.三、宾语从句语序 宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成
12、分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idontknowwhatdidhewanttobuy.Idontknowwhathewantedtobuy.Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?Whathappened?注：注：当从句的原句为以下句子当
13、从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what,whowhat,who作主语时，语序不变：作主语时，语序不变：eg:Idontknowwhatsthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做主语做表语做表语四、宾语从句的否定转移Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿Idontbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.我认为你今天无法完成工作。若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagin
14、e 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。vIknowheliveshere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。五、宾五、宾语从句中的时态语从句中的时态主现从不限主现从不限2.如如果果主主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态
15、态（一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时，过过去去将将来时，过去完成时）来时，过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.主过从四过主过从四过Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用
16、一般现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。般过去时。客观真理用一般现在时客观真理用一般现在时1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Ihearthey_(return)it
17、already.4.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)willbegoeshavereturnedhadbeenrises注意：注意：表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order 后的从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式后的从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式_注意：suggest 表示“暗示、表明”，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，从
18、句谓语动词不用虚拟语气，按需要来选择时态。(should)+do/be done1.Ihate_whenthebusdriverquarrelswithothersduringthedrivingofthebus.A.thisB.thatC.itD.oneC2.我们发现难以原谅乘客刘某和公交车驾驶员的行为.Wefound_thebehaviorofthepassengerLiuandthebusdriver.3.Weshouldmadethat obeying the law is every citizens duty clear.(改用形式宾语改用形式宾语 it)Weshouldmade_
19、obeyingthelawiseverycitizensduty.itdifficulttoforgiveitclearthat 五、五、itit作形式宾语作形式宾语Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.我们都认为会议取消了很可惜。It作形式宾语，从句为真正的宾语当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至补语后。1)动词+it+if从句：常见于enjoy,prefer,love，like,hate,appreciatedislike,hate等表示“喜欢、讨厌”等心理方面的动词后。
20、Iwouldappreciateitifyouwouldoffermoreinformation.如果你能提供更多的信息，我将不胜感激。2)动词+it+that从句：常见于take,have,put等少数动词后（it相当于that从句的同位语）。Youcanputitthatitwasarrangedbefore.你可以认为这是事先安排好的。It作形式宾语动词及词组：3）动词(短语)+it+that从句：consider，find，think，feel，make，dependon,counton,relyon(指望),seeto等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后。
21、Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.你可以相信，所有的货物都会及时运到国外。4）动词+it+介词短语+that从句：常见于oweittosb,takeitforgranted,bringittoonesattention等结构中。IoweittoyouthatIcangetsomuchprogress.多亏了你，我才能取得这么大的进步。It作形式宾语动词及词组：宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序1.Theyoungmanasked_itssu
22、mmerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatD DA AB BC C Practice Practice5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIg
23、ettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveC CB BD D8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoi
24、sheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoB BC CD D1.Wheredotheystopontheway?I
25、asked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.
26、将下列句子合并为一句:6.Isshedoingherhomework?Jimasked.7.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.8.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?9.Whyisthetrainlate?Wouldyoutellme?10.WhereisTom?Theyasked.Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?TheyaskedwhereTomwas.Jimaskedifshewasdoingherhomework.