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1、 英语四级阅读全真试题 Passage One The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The sou
2、rce of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空)industry, has recommended that all airlines
3、ban (制止)such devices from being used during “critical”stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passe
4、ngers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiatio
5、n which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的)to in
6、terference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud. 21.The passage is mainly about _. A) a new regulation for al airlines B) t
7、he defects of electronic devices C) a possible cause of aircraft crashes D) effective safety measures for air flight 22.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years? A) They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems. B) They may have taken place during take-o
8、ff and landing. C) They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers. D) They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference. 23.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because _. A) they dont believe there is su
9、ch a danger as radio interference B) the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved C) most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players D) they have other effective safety measures to fall back on 24.Why is it difficult to predict the po
10、ssible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers? A) Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane. B) Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with. C) Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same e
11、ffects in labs. D) Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research. 25.It can be inferred from the passage that the author _. A) is in favor of prohibiting passengersuse of electronic devices completely B) has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference C) hasnt formed his o
12、wn opinion on this problem D) regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight Passage Two The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relati
13、ons or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British
14、 in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的)planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the ca
15、pital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European an
16、d Asian counterparts (相对应的人)in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of BursonMarshalls U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people invo
17、lved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this cou
18、ntry. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign”would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there i
19、s no longer any such things as foreign. 26.According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of _. A) an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies B) shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies C) the decreasing
20、number of multinational corporations in the U. S. D) increased efforts of other countries in public relations 27.London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because _. A) British companies are more ambitious than U. S. companies B) British companies place more importance on PR than U. S.
21、companies C) British companies are heavily involved in planning activities D) four of the worlds top public relations agencies are British-owned 28.The word “provincial”(Line 2, Para. 3)most probably means “_”. A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces C) rigid in thinking D) intereste
22、d in world financial affairs 29.We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry _. A) speak at least one foreign language fluently B) are ignorant about world geography C) are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts D) enjoy reading a great variety of English
23、 business publications 30.What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN? A) American PR companies should be more internationally-minded. B) The American PR industry should develop global communications technologies. C) People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.
24、D) People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign”. Unit 2 Passage One Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星)now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星)that race across the ni
25、ght sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks.
26、 By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk re:1)How likely the event is;and 2)How
27、bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500, 000 years. Sounds pretty rarebut if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we dont take care of these big asteroids, theyll take care of us, ”says on
28、e scientist. “Its that simple. ” The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth?“The world has less to fear from doomsday (消灭性的)rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them, ”said a New York Times article. 21.What does
29、 the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition. B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature. C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids. D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids. 22.What do scientists say about the collision of an ast
30、eroid with Earth? A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists. B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years. C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. D) Its still too early to say whether such a collision might occur. 23.What do people think of the sugges
31、tion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids? A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem. B) It may create more problems than it might solve. C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely. D) Further research should be done bef
32、ore it is proved applicable. 24.We can conclude from the passage that _. A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world B) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future C) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations si
33、nce it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime D) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth 25.Which of the following best describes the authors tone in this passage? A) Optimistic. B) Critical. C) Objective. D) Arbitrary. Passage Two Believe it or not, o
34、ptical illusion (错觉)can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,
35、 and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the
36、patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatestcurves, exit slopes, tra
37、ffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only
38、 give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway sped and the number of traffic accidents. 26.The passage mainly discusses _. A) a new way of highway speed control B) a new p
39、attern for painting highways C) a new approach to training drivers D) a new type of optical illusion 27.On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that _. A) they should avoid speed-related hazards B) they are driving in the wrong lane C) they should slow down their speed D) they are appro
40、aching the speed limit 28.The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former _. A) can keep drivers awake B) can cut road accidents in half C) will have a longer effect on drivers D) will look more attractive 29.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safe
41、ty plans to _. A) try out the Japanese method in certain areas B) change the road signs across the country C) replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons D) repeat the Japanese road patterns 30.What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads? A) They are falling out
42、 of use in the United States. B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time. C) They are applicable only on broad roads. D) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles. Passage Three Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量)along the lines comprisi
43、ng its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly. At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and qu
44、ite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became Americas standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was
45、to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted:1)anxious fliersthose concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanlin
46、ess and 2)travel-loversthose viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romanti