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1、英美合同法精义FU厦大版单词索引局部英美合同法复习之单词索引按课本消灭挨次Promise承诺Remedy救济Competent persons有相应行为力量之当事人Enforceable可由法律强制执行的Agreement协议P1Parties to the contract合同当事人Offeror要约人Offer要约Offeree受要约人Acceptance承诺Assurance确诺Manifestation of intent意思表示Commitment许诺Promisor承诺人Promisee受承诺人Beneficiary受益人Consideration约因Benefit利益Detrim
2、ent损害Advantage利益Disadvantage不利益Object of the contract合同标的Statute of Frauds防止欺诈条例P2Formation合同成立Enforcement强制执行Performance履行Discharge解除Bilateral contract双务合同Unilateral contract单务合同A promise for a promise以承诺换承诺A promise for an act以承诺换行为P3Incomplete contract不完全履行合同Partial performance contract局部履行合同Actu
3、al contract真实合同Express contract明示合同P4Implied-in-fact contract 默示合同/事实默示的合同 P5Quasi-contract准 合 同 / implied-in-law contract 法律默示的合同Meeting of minds 合意Injustice 不公正Unjust enrichment不当得利 Objective theory of contract合同客观理论Intent意图Resonably prudent person standard合理慎重人的标准In jest开玩笑In anger生气In excitement
4、兴奋状态Invalid无效P6 Formal contract要式合同Contacts under seal盖印合同Recognizance具结Acknowledge成认Negotiable instruments可转让票据Letters of credit信用证Invoice发票；发货单Bill of lading提单Informal contract非要式合同/simple contract简洁合同P8Valid contract有效合同Void contract无效合同Voidable contract可撤销合同Unenforceable contract不行强制执行的合同Contrac
5、tual capacity订约力量Nondisclosureagreement/NDA保密协议Minors未成年人Insane persons精神病者Intoxicated persons酗酒人Duress胁迫Undue influence不正值影响Fraud欺诈P9Cases involving mutual mistake双方都有误会的合同Contract at will任意合同1Excutedcontract/performed contract/completed contract 已履行/已完成的合同Excutory contract 待执行合同P10Sources of contr
6、act law 合同法的渊源Common law 一般法/judge-made law 法官造法General principle 一般法律原则The Uniform Commercial Code/UCC统一商法典National Conference of Commission on Uniform State Law 美国统一州级法律委员会全国大会Draft起草法律Merchant商人P11 Restatementofthelaw,Second ： Contracts法律整编其次版：合同法The American Law Institute美国法学会The Convention on C
7、ontracts for the International Sale of Goods/CISG联合国国际货物买卖销售合同公约 Firm offer rule实盘规章不行撤销要约规章Mailbox rule发信主义Battle of forms格式之争Mirror image rule镜像规章P12Jurisprudential foundation法理学根底Legal realism法律现实主义Open-ended standard开口标准Formalities形式Make whole填平Electronic Signature Act电子签章法P13Electronic sound电子声
8、音Electronic symbol电子符号Electronic process电子程序Preserve保存In writing书面Laissez-faire放任政策Freedom of contract合同自由P14Classical law of contracts古典合同法理论Objective rules客观规章Certainty确定性Predictability可预见性Chain of distribution for goods物流链Form contract标准合同Automobile contract汽车买卖合同Mortgage contract抵押合同Sale contrac
9、ts for consumer goods消费品买卖合同Legal theories法律原理/理论Oppressive强制性 Decisional law判例法Small-town virtue小城道德标准Interest of business商业的利益Rural context农村环境Urban context城市环境P15 Defensestotheenforcementofa contract对合同履行的抗辩Trade usage行业惯例Specific performance强制履行Expectation interest预期利益Reliance interest信任利益Substi
10、tute performance替代履行Restitution恢复原状Genuineness of assent同意的真实性Duress胁迫Undue influence不正值影响Fraud欺诈P16Writing and form书面和形式问题Equity衡平Court of common law一般法院Chancery court/court of equity衡平法院Fairness公正Moral rights道德权利Natural law自然法 Doctrine of equity衡平准则P17Lawyers法律人Case law判例法Public policy社会公共政策2P19No
11、vation合同更Liquidated damages违约金Covenant of good faith善意条款P20Mutual assent双方同意A reasonably prudent person合理慎重人P21Offeror要约人Offeree受要约人Promise承诺Accept承诺Invitation to negotiate要约邀请/谈判邀请Form letter格式信函Quote报价Promissory estoppel承诺禁反言；不得自食其言P22Standard of offer推断要约的标准A reasonable person合理人标准P31Prevail优先P33
12、 Terms of offer要约的条件P38Open terms开放条款Gap-filling rule空隙填补规章Time of performance履行时间P40Quantum meruit按劳付酬；按合理价格支付；质量价值Quasi contract准合同P43 Communication of offer要约的传达Supported by consideration有约因支持的Option选择权Irrevocable不行撤销的Firm offers不行撤销的要约/实盘要约P47Offers in auction拍卖的要约 Auction without reserve无保存的拍卖A
13、uction wiht reserve有保存的拍卖Collateral contract附随合同；附属契约P50Auction in electronic commerce电子商务拍卖P53Termination of offer要约的终止P54Lapse of time逾时；期满失效P55Revocation of offer要约的撤回P56Offerees refusal of offer受要约人拒绝要约Counter-offer反要约Mirror acceptance镜像规章P62Option 选择权P64 Termination by lawP65 Terms and conditio
14、ns条款和条件Counter-offer反要约Mirror acceptance rule镜像承诺规章P68Cross offers穿插要约P71 Indefiniteness缺乏确定性；不确定性P72Meeting of minds达成合意Entry-into-force time of acceptance承诺的生效时间Acceptance-upon-dispatchrule/mailbox rule承诺发出主义/投邮主义P73Quiet title to the land确认土地全部权P74Option contract选择权合同P75 Promise 承诺Performance履行P7
15、7 General contractor总承包商Subcontractor次承包商P82 Malpractice玩忽职守；不当执业P86Implied-in-fact contract事实默示的合同P87Good faith诚信原则Reasonableness合理性原则P93Commercial reasonableness商业合理性P943Unconscionability不正值；显失公正；不受良心掌握Liquidated damage clause预定损害赔偿条款Battle of the forms格式信函之战P95Gap-filling rule空隙填补规章Merchantabilit
16、y适售性P96 Proposals for addition to the contract 对合同的补充建议P97Different terms不同条款Additional terms额外条款Merchants商人Non-merchants非商人Materially alter实质性变更Complaint埋怨Warranty担保Merchantability适售性Fitness合目的性P98Impacts of E-commerce and web-laws on the forms 电子商务与网络法对格式合同的影响Shrink wrap license 拆封许可P102Public pol
17、icy公共政策P103An enforceable contract有强制力的合同Consideration约因Inducement/incentives诱因Detriment损害Impelling influence强有力的影响因素Bargaining讨价还价Legal detriment or disadvantage法律上的损失或不利益Quid pro quo对价Gift赠与P112Contract in signed writing经签署的书面合同Supported by consideration已受约因支持Contract under seal盖印合同Forbearance忍耐/抑
18、制P115 Sufficient consideration充分的约因Gift promise 赠与的承诺 P116 Nominal consideration 名义上的约因Shocks the conscience of the court 震惊法庭的良心Adequacy of consideration 约因的适当性 P123Sufficiency of consideration 约因的充分性Nominal知名无实的；名义上的Equity衡平法P124 Forbearance from suit容忍不诉Past consideration过去的约因Moral obligation 道德义
19、务 P125 Quantum meruit 所供给效劳之实际价值Good consideration 有效的约因P126Moral consideration道德约因Legal consideration法律约因P131Pre-existing duty既存的义务P132Modification of contract合同的修改P135Sales contract买卖合同Termination终止合同 Rescission解除合同Unforeseen and unanticipated circumstances 无法预料、不曾预见之状况Estoppel 禁反言Waiver弃权P137 Exe
20、cutory contract待履行合同Compromising an existing claim既存恳求权的妥协Bona fide dispute“真实的”或“善意的争议”P139Accord债清偿合同Satisfaction满足Accord and satisfaction债清偿合同与满足P140Illusory promise虚假承诺Mutuality of obligation义务相互性P1444Output contract产量合同Requirement contract需求合同P148Stale claims逾时失效的恳求权The statue of limitations诉讼时
21、效Discharge in bankruptcy破产免责New consideration约因P150 Forbearance from suit隐忍不诉Abstention from legal conduct合法行为的抑制Detriment利益损失P152 A bona fide suit善意诉讼Sufficient consideration充分的约因P153Aleatory promise不确定/偶然性的承诺Promissory estoppel承诺性禁反言P158Injustice不公正Remedies救济Unjust enrichment不当得利P159Parol evidence
22、 rule 口头证据法则Terms and conditions 条款和条件Parol 口头的In writing 书面的Extrinsic evidence 外在证据P174Integration整合Final and complete最终且完整的Partial integration局部整合Final but not complete最终但不完全Prior writings and oral agreement事前的书面和口头协议 Contemporaneous writing同时书面Subsequent agreements事后协议No oral modification clause制
23、止口头变更条款P175Reliability of writings书面的牢靠性A principle of substance实体法律原则P176Procedural substantive程序的实体性Diversity jurisdiction区分管辖权P177Final and complete writings最终且完整的书面The statute of frauds防止欺诈条例Memorandum备忘录P197 Partial integrated局部整合Total integrated完全整合Additional prior non-contradictory parol term
24、s 协议订立前的非抵触性的其他口头条件Informality不标准；非正式Completely integrated writing完全整合的书面Fully integrated/completed完全整合的Form approach形式的方法P198 The face of the contract合同的外表Extrinsic evidence外来证据 Intrinsic evidence内在证据Merger clause归并条款Verbal understandings口头谅解书P199Implied terms合同的默示条款Separate consideration独立的约因Separ
25、ate agreement分别的协议P202Substituting or contradicting terms替代或变更原有条款Express language明示语言P220 Extra or additional terms额外或附属条款Side or collateral agreement额外或附属协议Merger clause归并条款Separate consideration独立的约因P221Ambiguity/ambiguities含混不清之处Latent隐性的/ 潜在的Patent显性的P222Terms based on custom依据惯例确立的合同条款Course o
26、f dealing交易过程Custom and usage of the trade行业惯例Prior negotiations订约前协商5英美合同法精义FU厦大版单词索引局部Antecedent understanding签约前协商中达成的理解/先行理解Ture intent真实意图 False documents虚假文书Sham虚假的Forgery伪造(物)Final and complete最终且完整的P223Meeting of minds合意Public policy公共政策；公序良俗Burden of proof举证责任 Illegality违法Fraud欺诈Duress胁迫Mis
27、take错误Undue influence不当影响Incapacity缺乏缔约力量Failure of consideration欠缺约因Void合同无效Voidable可撤销Extrinsic evidence外在证据Real property不动产P224 Fraudulent misrepresentation欺诈性的不当陈述Documentwithconditionsubsequent 附停顿条件的文书P225 Enforceability强制执行力Common law/judge-made law 一般法Doctrine of privity 合同相互关系原则In privity 在
28、合同相互关系内The third party beneficiary 第三造受益人Intended beneficiaries 意定受益人Creditor beneficiary 债权人受益人P240Donee beneficiary受赠人受益人Incidentalbeneficiary偶然性受益人In vicinity在周边P241Creditor beneficiary contract债权人受益合同Renovation合同的更替P242 Statute of frauds防止欺诈法Discharge from bankruptcy破产免责Specific performance强制履行P
29、243Donee beneficiary contract 受赠人受益合同Life insurance policy 人身保险合同/ 政策 P244Have standing 有主体资格；主体适格Joint and mutual will 共同或相互遗嘱Survivor 遗嘱的残存人Inter vivos 在生存者之间 P245 Incidental beneficiary 偶然性受益人P247Mortgage assumptions 抵押权的承受Contracts with municipalities 与政府法人签订的合同 P249Sales warranty beneficiaries
30、商品销售保证的受益人 P250Suretybondsforperformanceof construction建筑履约保证金Performance bond完工保证金 /履约保证金Payment bond付款保证金P254 Mechanics lien技工留置权Incidental beneficiary偶然性受益人Intended beneficiary意定受益人P252Vesting of right权利的归属/授予Recission解除合同P253 Promisorsdefenseagainstthethird party beneficiary承诺人对第三造受益人的抗辩Fraud欺诈I
31、llegality违法Lack of capacity行为力量受限Mistake过错Failure of consideration约因缺乏Condition precedent先行条件Condition subsequent事后条件Alter转变Terminate终止Notification通知P256 Discharge免除6英美合同法精义FU厦大版单词索引局部Liability责任Enforceable liability可执行的责任P258ActforPreventionofFraudsand Perjuries防止欺诈及伪证法Fraudulent claims欺诈性主见Perjure
32、d testimony伪证 Enforceability强制执行力Party to be charged负担合同义务的当事人In writing以书面形式Surety contract保证合同An estate debt遗产债务P269 Annuity养老年金Interest in realty不动产利益Bequeath财产遗赠 Testamentary provision遗嘱条款Requirement of writing书面要求Surety contract保证合同Surety provision担保法则Debt债务Default合同不履行Miscarriage失权/败/流产Princip
33、al debtor主债务人Creditor债权人Surety保证人Evidentiary function 证明作用Cautionary function 警示作用Collateral obligation 附属义务Original obligation 原始义务P270Independent obligation独立性义务Joint obligation连带义务Antecedent debt从前债务New consideration约因Tort liability侵权责任Contract liability合同责任Doctrine of strctissimi juris严格解释原则P271
34、Main purpose rule主要目的法则Further his own interests实现其自身利益Substantial financial interest重大财政利益Alimony arrears拖欠的赡养费Economic advantage经济利益P277Novation更合同 Substituted contract替代合同Assignment权利转让Assignor让与人Assignee受让人Executors or administrator s promise to personally satisfy an estate debt遗嘱执行人或遗产治理人对遗产债务情愿个人偿付的承诺Theexecutor-administratorprovision遗嘱执行人或治理人法则Estate debt 遗产债务Incurred引致P279The marriage provision婚姻法则Partial performance局部履行P280Transfer of interest in real estate不动产利益的移转The land contract provision土地合同法则Channeling function引导功能Mark off区分出来Lease租赁Easement地役Covenant商定Signed writing经签名的书面文件7