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1、GrammarUnit 7International charities课前自主预习课前自主预习单单词词闯闯关关1.创建，建立创建，建立 vt.&vi._ 2.举行举行 vt._ sethold短短语语互互译译1.分发；提出分发；提出 _2数百万的数百万的 _3筹钱筹钱 _4.with its help_ 5set up _hand outmillions ofraise money在它的帮助下在它的帮助下建起，设立建起，设立句句型型在在线线1.在飞机上，手术由志愿者医生们来做。在飞机上，手术由志愿者医生们来做。On the plane,operations _ by volunteer do
2、ctors.2许多盲人得到了许多盲人得到了ORBIS医生们的救助。医生们的救助。Many blind people _ ORBIS doctors.3.乐施会的钱被用来帮助穷人。乐施会的钱被用来帮助穷人。The money _ Oxfam _ poor people.are done were helped byis used byto help语语法法聚聚焦焦1.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态2主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法3特殊句型的被动语态特殊句型的被动语态课堂互动探究课堂互动探究词汇点睛词汇点睛 1 hand out 分发；提出分发；
3、提出观察观察 Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers.传单由志愿者们在街道上分发。传单由志愿者们在街道上分发。探究探究 hand out意为意为“分发；提出分发；提出”，为，为“动词动词_”构成的短语，构成的短语，_作其宾语时，只能放在作其宾语时，只能放在hand与与out之间。其同义短语为之间。其同义短语为give out。副词副词代词代词拓展拓展 与与hand相关的其他常用短语：相关的其他常用短语：hand in上交；上交；give sb a hand帮助某人；帮助某人；by hand手工；手工；on th
4、e one handon the other hand一方面一方面另一方面另一方面活学活用活学活用 1(1)这是我们的试卷。请把它们分发出去。这是我们的试卷。请把它们分发出去。Here are our exam papers.Please _(2)2018连云港连云港 Jim,check your homework before you _(上交它上交它)hand them out/give them outhand it in观察观察 Our school will hold the sports meeting next week.我们学校下周将举行运动会。我们学校下周将举行运动会。2 h
5、old vt.举行举行探究探究 hold为及物动词，意为为及物动词，意为“举行举行”，其过去式为，其过去式为held,过去分过去分词为词为held。常见搭配：常见搭配：hold a meeting/party举行会议举行会议/聚会。聚会。拓展拓展 hold作及物动词时，还可表示作及物动词时，还可表示“握住，抓住；容纳握住，抓住；容纳”。The classroom can hold over 100 students.这间教室能容纳这间教室能容纳100多名学生。多名学生。He is holding his fathers hand.他正握着他爸爸的手。他正握着他爸爸的手。2.2018上海上海 W
6、e will hold a class meeting to talk about teamwork next Friday.(改为被动语态改为被动语态)A class meeting will _to talk about teamwork next Friday.be held观察观察 Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942 乐施会于乐施会于1942年在英国成立年在英国成立3 set up 建起，设立建起，设立探究探究 set up意为意为“建起，设立建起，设立”，可指具体或抽象事物，可指具体或抽象事物的的“建造建造”或或“建立建立”。拓展拓展与与set相关的
7、其他常用短语：相关的其他常用短语：set off出发；出发；set out动动身；身；set free释放释放3.What do you want to do in the future,Jack?I want to _a Hope School to help students who are unable to go to school.Aset out Bset off Cset up Dset into C1But more money is needed to carry on with our work.但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。2The
8、plane is used as a training centre.这架飞机被用作培训中心。这架飞机被用作培训中心。语法聚焦语法聚焦教材典句教材典句3His eye problem was cured two months ago.他的眼疾两个月前被治愈。他的眼疾两个月前被治愈。4Many blind people were helped by ORBIS doctors.许多盲人得到了许多盲人得到了ORBIS医生们的救助。医生们的救助。1 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关
9、系。英语中的语态有两种：_和和_。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的语态表示主语是动作的_。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态承受者承受者语法探究语法探究 被动语态由被动语态由“_”构成。其中，构成。其中，be动动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与作为系动词时完全一词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与作为系动词时完全一样。不及物动词由于没有动作的承受者，故无被动语态形式。现样。不及物动词由于没有动作的承受者，故无被动语态形式。现将一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构列表如下将一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构列表如下(以以hur
10、t为为例例)：be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词时态时态 句式句式主语主语be动词动词过去分词过去分词一一般般现现在在时时肯肯定定式式Iamhurt.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis否否定定式式Iam nothurt.You/We/Theyare notHe/She/Itis not时态时态 句式句式主语主语be动词动词过去分词过去分词一一般般过过去去时时肯定肯定式式I/He/She/Itwashurt.You/We/Theywere否定否定式式I/He/She/Itwas nothurt.You/We/Theywere not一般在以下几种情况下，需要使用被动语态：一
11、般在以下几种情况下，需要使用被动语态：(1)当动作的当动作的_显而易见时。如：显而易见时。如：Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.我们的微机课上教授文字处理技术。我们的微机课上教授文字处理技术。(2)不知道或不想知道动作的执行者，只知道动作的承受者时。如：不知道或不想知道动作的执行者，只知道动作的承受者时。如：When we got there,the room had been cleaned already.当我们到那儿时，房间已经被打扫干净了。当我们到那儿时，房间已经被打扫干净了。执行者执行者(3)当认为动作
12、比动作的执行者更重要时。如：当认为动作比动作的执行者更重要时。如：Educational CDs are sold in many countries.许多国家销售教育光盘。许多国家销售教育光盘。(4)没有必要说出或出于礼貌不便说出动作的执行者时。如：没有必要说出或出于礼貌不便说出动作的执行者时。如：I was told that you were not honest enough.我被告知你不够诚实。我被告知你不够诚实。(5)有必要突出或强调动作的执行者时，常由有必要突出或强调动作的执行者时，常由_引出动作的执引出动作的执行者。如：行者。如：The window was cleaned b
13、y Peter.窗户被彼得擦干净了。窗户被彼得擦干净了。by1(1)2018河河北北 Look at the picture.The top five TV plays _ in it.AlistBare listedCwill listDwill be listedB(2)2018重庆重庆B Whos the little girl in the photo,Laura?Its me.This photo _ when I was five.Ais taken BtakesCwas taken DtookC(3)I dont think he stole the painting.When
14、he _(ask)what he was doing at 7 yesterday evening,he was very calm.(4)2017常州常州 All the children _(bring)back to their parents yesterday after the police found them.was askedwere brought(5)2018南京南京 Simon,do you know who invented the kite?Sure!It _ by Mozi over 2，000 years ago.Ais inventedBinventedCwa
15、s inventedDwill be inventedC 2 主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的把主动语态的_变为被动语态的变为被动语态的_，人称代词宾格要变，人称代词宾格要变为为_。(2)把主动语态中的谓语动词变成被动结构把主动语态中的谓语动词变成被动结构“_”。被动语态的。被动语态的_决定决定be动词的数，主动语态的动词的数，主动语态的_决定被动语决定被动语态的时态。如：态的时态。如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all the people.宾语宾语主语主语主格主格be及物动词的过去分
16、词及物动词的过去分词主语主语时态时态2将下列句子变为被动语态将下列句子变为被动语态(1)He waters the flowers every day.The flowers _ by him every day.(2)2018黔南黔南His mother made a big cake for his birthday.A big cake _ _by his mother for his birthday.are wateredwasmade3 特殊句型的被动语态特殊句型的被动语态(1)含有使役动词含有使役动词(make,let,have等等)或感官动词或感官动词(hear,see,lis
17、ten to,watch等等)的句子，在主动语态中，这些词后跟省略的句子，在主动语态中，这些词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但是在变的动词不定式，但是在变成被动语态时要补出成被动语态时要补出to。另外，。另外，help一词在主动语态中，一词在主动语态中，to可以省略，可以省略，也可以保留，但在被动语态中，也可以保留，但在被动语态中，to一定要加上。如：一定要加上。如：My mother often makes me do housework.I am often made to do housework by mymother.We heard someone open the door.Some
18、one was heard to open the door by us.(2)含可接双宾语的动词含可接双宾语的动词(teach,give,pass,show等等)的句子在变为被动语的句子在变为被动语态时，两个宾语可以任选一个作主语，如果直接宾语被提前，间接宾语态时，两个宾语可以任选一个作主语，如果直接宾语被提前，间接宾语前要加相应的介词前要加相应的介词to/for。如：。如：She gave me a pen.She gave a pen to me.I was given a pen by her.A pen was given to me by her.My daughter passe
19、d me a picture.My daughter passed a picture to me.I was passed a picture by my daughter.A picture was passed to me by my daughter.(3)“不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)介词介词/副词宾语副词宾语”的句子变成被动语态时，介词的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能去掉。如：或副词不能去掉。如：We should speak to old people politely.Old people should be spoken to politely by us.(4)含有宾
20、语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，宾语补足语的位置不变。含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，宾语补足语的位置不变。如：如：We call him Xiao Li.He is called Xiao Li by us.3.(1)2016安安顺顺 Though he often made his little sister _，today he was made _ by his little sister.Acry;to cry Bcrying;cryingCcry;cry Dto cry;cryA(2)Lucy doesnt have to be made _.She always works hard.Astudy BstudiedCto study Dstudying(3)The young man was often seen _(draw)by the lake.Cto draw