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1、 英语CET4级阅读模考试题及答案 Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a ma
2、tter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent,
3、and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates. Discussing the study last week, Dr.
4、Tucker said the project was initiated because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a w
5、aste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D. “T
6、he results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.” 1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. 2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities. 3. Most dropouts are now e
7、ngaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. A
8、mong the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of
9、 the Ph. D. s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries,
10、 are still lagging behind other fields. As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their
11、present level of income and in some cases their present job. 1. The author states that many educators feel that A steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus. B the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study. C the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjust
12、ed person than the dropout. D The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members. 2. Research has shown that A Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. s in financial attainment. B the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. s
13、tudies. C The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out. D about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree. 3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. A is the most frequent reason for dropping out. B is m
14、ore difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate. C is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs. D does not vary in difficulty among universities. 4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that A optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to
15、return to their pursuit of the degree. B a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree. C colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts. D Ph. D. s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions. 5. It can be inferred that the
16、high rate of dropouts lies in A salary for Ph. D. too low. B academic requirement too high. C salary for dropouts too high. D 1000 positions. Vocabulary 1. dropout 辍学者，中途退学 2. well-rounded 全面的 3. attrition 缩/减员，磨损 4. drain 枯竭 5. bracket 一类人，(尤指按收入分类的)阶层 6. lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域 7. glum
17、 阴郁的 难句译注 1. Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. 【参考译文】教育工严峻关注博士生辍学的高比率;这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严峻损失。 2. It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate
18、students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. 【构造分析】sent过去分词，修饰questionnaires。Who定语从句修饰students。 【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以22023份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为根底的。这份全面调查报告好像说明过去很多担忧可怕是没有依据的。 3. Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precio
19、us faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. 【构造分析】被动句。To capacity满额，全力。 【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是珍贵的教授时间的铺张和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。 4. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries
20、, are still lagging behind other fields. 【构造分析】the fact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句，修饰academic fields。 【参考译文】这也可能说明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍旧落后于其它领域。 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采纳比照和因果手法。文章一开头就提出教育工严峻关注博士生辍学达50%的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31%。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。讨论说明不行。列出理由并加以分析。 答案详解 1. A. 很多教育工感到应实行步骤让辍学者
21、回校学习，特殊是有些学科。这在第三段最终一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝告辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来削减。” B. 辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。 C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要缘由在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓舞。这三项文内没有提。 2. D.约三分之一开头就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。其次段第一句：“辍学率为31%。大多数状况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。 A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低很多。这是错的。见倒数其次段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明2%人文学科的辍学者年收入为2023
22、0多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生到达这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78%，辍学者仅为50%。” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生假如中途退学很可能转变其专业领域。 3. C. 博士生应到达外语要求的水平是很多博士生课程的一个根本组成局部。这在第四段有所表示：“约75%的退学者说，他们打算退学并不是处于学术的缘由，而处于学术缘由的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成讨论，通不过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的根本组成局部。 A. 它是退学最频繁的缘由。 B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。 4. A.
23、读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最终一段。第三段末：“我们讨论的结果并不支持这些一件(包括返回校园之意见)：缺乏动力是退学的主要缘由。大多数退学者在博士课程上已经到达和他们的力量水平和专业水平相全都的水平。大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相全都。”最终一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回讨论生院就读，条件是保证他们保存现有的收入水平，有些还要保存他们目前的工作。” B. 博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣了很多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.、C.两项文内没提。D.不对，参见难句译注4。 5. A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4。 B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术缘由辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一局部高于博士生。见其次题D项解释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。 【英语CET4级阅读模考试题及答案】