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1、传感器分类：1、视觉传感器2、听觉传感器3、嗅觉传感器4、味觉传感器5、触觉传感器6、传感器应用背景7、传感器发展前景第1页/共30页光敏传感器视觉声敏传感器听觉气敏传感器嗅觉化学传感器味觉压敏、温敏、流体传感器触觉文本文本文本文本文本文本第2页/共30页认识传感器：传感器（英文名称：transducer/sensor）是一种检测装置，能感受到被测量的信息，并能将感受到的信息，按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。它是实现自动检测和自动控制的首要环节。第3页/共30页定义：国家标准GB7665-87对传感器下的定义是：“能感受规
2、定的被测量件并按照一定的规律(数学函数法则)转换成可用信号的器件或装置，通常由敏感元件和转换元件组成”。中国物联网校企联盟认为，传感器的存在和发展，让物体有了触觉、味觉和嗅觉等感官，让物体慢慢变得活了起来。”“传感器”在新韦式大词典中定义为：“从一个系统接受功率，通常以另一种形式将功率送到第二个系统中的器件”。第4页/共30页主要作用：人们为了从外界获取信息，必须借助于感觉器官。而单靠人们自身的感觉器官，在研究自然现象和规律以及生产活动中它们的功能就远远不够了。为适应这种情况，就需要传感器。因此可以说，传感器是人类五官的延长，又称之为电五官。第5页/共30页主要特点传感器的特点包括：微型化、数
3、字化、智能化、多功能化、系统化、网络化，它不仅促进了传统产业的改造和更新换代，而且还可能建立新型工业，从而成为21世纪新的经济增长点。微型化是建立在微电子机械系统（MEMS）技术基础上的，已成功应用在硅器件上做成硅压力传感器。第6页/共30页传感器的分类：常将传感器的功能与人类5大感觉器官相比拟：光敏传感器视觉声敏传感器听觉气敏传感器嗅觉化学传感器味觉压敏、温敏、流体传感器触觉第7页/共30页视觉传感器视觉传感器相关概念 视觉传感器是指：具有从一整幅图像捕获光线的数以万计像素的能力，图像的清晰和细腻程度常用分辨率来衡量，以像素数量表示。视觉传感器的实现方式 在捕获图像之后，视觉传感器将其与内存
4、中存储的基准图像进行比较，以做出分析。视觉传感器的应用 在包装生产线，确保在正确的位置粘贴正确的包装标签 在药品包装生产线，检验阿斯匹林药片的泡罩式包装中是否有破损或缺失的药片。在金属冲压公司，以每分钟逾150片的速度检验冲压部件，比人工检验快13倍以上。第8页/共30页声敏（音）传感器 概述：声音传感器的作用相当于一个话筒（麦克风）。它用来接收声波，显示声音的振动图象。但不能对噪声的强度进行测量。原理：该传感器内置一个对声音敏感的电容式驻极体话筒。声波使话筒内的驻极体薄膜振动，导致电容的变化，而产生与之对应变化的微小电压。这一电压随后被转化成0-5V的电压，经过A/D转换被数据采集器接受，并
5、传送给计算机。应用：在新加坡，利用声音传感器声波来确定密闭集装箱内的材料化学组成，以此加强港口的安全。此外，声音传感器在汽车防盗及航空探测等方面都有涉及，声音传感器的对声纳系统的改进也贡献不小。第9页/共30页气敏(嗅觉)传感器概述：气味检测是半导体气敏传感器扩大应用的主流方向之一，最有潜力的应用领域是食品工业和医学，还有家住环境和舒适度的调节系统等。在开发味敏传感器方面取得的主要成就是在改进提高敏感材料的灵敏度和选择性方面，针对气味的特征成分，使用了各种掺杂剂，以适应不同的需要。应用：常见的有酒精浓度传感器。此外，在有些场合还需要分别鉴别出混合气体中的各个成分。第10页/共30页味觉传感器：
6、原理：利用脂质高分子膜。将脂质固化在高分子上，形成仿生膜转换机构，然后通过多路电极进行味道识别，最终利用电脑分析、评价所得到的味道情报(膜电位变化)。传感器的输出不单纯是特定呈味物质的量，还包括味质及味刺激的强度。应用：将数量庞大的呈味物质划分为咸、酸、苦、鲜、甜5种基本味道，即通过广域选择性的概念来识别、评价味道。还可以判断食物的新鲜程度。第11页/共30页触觉传感器介绍：将压力转换为电信号输出的传感器。通常把压力测量仪表中的电测式仪表称为压力传感器。应用：称重传感器、霍尔传感器。称重传感器采用金属电阻应变片组成测量桥路，利用金属电阻丝在张力作用下伸长变细，电阻增加的原理，即金属电阻随所受应
7、变而变化的效应而制成的（应变，就是尺寸的变化）。在现代化工业生产以及自动化生产过程中，需要用到各种称重传感器来监视和控制生产过程中的各个参数，称重传感器的功能是使设备工作在正常状态或最佳状态，并使生产出来的产品达到最好的质量。可以说，没有众多的优良的称重传感器，现代化生产也就失去了基础。如此看来，称重传感器将在这个智能化生产产业中是会有美好的发展前途。治理超重。第12页/共30页 发展前景在开发利用新材料同时，由于微电子技术和微机械加工技术发展，传感器正向微型化、多功能化，智能化方向发展。微型化传感器利用微机械的加工技术将微米级的敏感元件、信号调理器、数据处理装置集成封装在一块芯片上。由于体积
8、小、价格便宜、便于集成等特点，可以提高系统测试精度，例如把微型压力传感器和微型温度传感器集成在一起，同时测出压力和温度，便可通过芯片内运算消去压力测量中的温度影响第13页/共30页第14页/共30页Principle and application of sensor张梦飞130807141331第15页/共30页Sensor classification：1,the vision sensor2,the auditory sensor3,olfactory sensor4,taste sensor5,tactile sensor6，The sensor applications7，The p
9、rospects of the development of the sensor第16页/共30页Photosensitive sensor-visual acoustic sensor-auditory gas sensor-smell chemical sensors-taste pressure-sensitive,Wen Min,fluid-tactile sensor文本文本文本第17页/共30页Understanding of sensor:The sensor is a detection device,can feel the measured information,and
10、 can feel the information,according to the law must transform into electric signal or other required information in the form of output,in order to satisfy the information transmission,processing,storage,display,record and control requirements.It is the most important link for realizing automatic det
11、ection and automatic control.第18页/共30页Definition.The national standard GB7665-87 of the sensor under the definition is:to be provided to the feelings of measurement and according to certain rules(mathematical function rule)into the device or devices available signal,usually composed of sensitive com
12、ponents and conversion components.Chinese networking alliance thinks,the existence and development of sensor,makes the object a sense of touch,taste and smell and other sensory,let the body slowly becomes alive.Sensor in the New Websters dictionary is defined as:receive power from a system,usually w
13、ith another kind of form will power to devices in second systems.第19页/共30页The main role:In order to obtain information from the outside world,we must resort to the sense organ.The peoples sense organs,in the study of natural phenomena and laws and production activities,it is not enough.To adapt to t
14、his situation,we need the sensor.So we can say,the sensor is the extension of human facial features,also known as electronic features.第20页/共30页Main features：Including the sensor characteristics:miniaturization,digitization,intelligent,multi-functional,systematic,network,it not only promoted the tran
15、sformation and renewal of traditional industrial upgrading,but also may establish a new industry,which has become a new economic growth point in twenty-first Century.Miniaturization is based on micro electro mechanical system(MEMS)based on the technology,has been successfully used to make silicon pr
16、essure sensor on silicon devices.第21页/共30页The classification of sensor:Often the function and human sensor 5 sense organs compared:Photosensitive sensor-VisualAcoustic sensor-hearingGas sensitive sensor-smellChemical sensors-tastePressure sensitive,Wen Min,fluid-tactile sensor第22页/共30页Visual sensor：
17、Visual sensor related conceptsVisual sensor is:has the ability of tens of thousands of pixels from the image capture light,clear and exquisite degree of common resolution image to measure,to the number of pixels representing.Implementation of visual sensorIn the captured image,visual sensor is compa
18、red with a reference image stored in memory,in order to make the analysis.Application of visual sensorIn the packaging production line,to ensure that the location of the paste the correct packaging labelsIn the pharmaceutical packaging production line,if there is any breakage or loss test of aspirin
19、 tablets of bubble cap packaging of tablets.In the metal stamping company,more than 150 pieces per minute speed test of stamping parts,more than 13 times faster than manual inspection.第23页/共30页Visual sensor related conceptsSheng Min(sound)sensor：Summary.Sound sensor is equivalent to a transmitter(mi
20、crophone).It is used for receiving acoustic,vibration sound display image.But not for the noise intensity measurement.Principle:The sensor with a built-in sound capacitance sensitive electret microphone.Acoustic electret film vibration microphone,resulting in the change of capacitance,small voltage
21、to produce corresponding change.This voltage is then converted into the voltage of 0-5V,after A/D conversion by the data collector to accept,and transmitted to the computer.Application:In Singapore,to determine the composition of materials chemistry hermetic container using acoustic sensor acoustic,
22、to strengthen port security.In addition,the sound sensor are involved in car theft and aerial detection,improvement of the sonar system sound sensor is also not a small contribution.第24页/共30页Gas sensitive sensor(Xiu Jue)Summary.Odor detection is the semiconductor gas sensor to expand the mainstream
23、direction of application,application field of the most promising is the food industry and medicine,and the home environment and regulation system comfort etc.The main achievements in the development of taste sensor is the improvement of sensitivity and selectivity of sensitive materials,the characte
24、ristic components of odors,using a variety of dopant,to meet the different needs.Application:There is a common alcohol concentration sensor.In addition,and in some cases also need to separately identify each component in mixed gas.第25页/共30页Taste sensor:Principle:Use of lipid membranes.The lipid soli
25、dified in the polymer,conversion mechanism of biomimetic membrane formation,and then through the multi electrode for taste recognition,finally using computer analysis of taste information,evaluation of the resulting(membrane potential).The output of the sensor is not only a certain amount of flavor
26、substances,including taste and taste stimulus intensity.Application:A huge number of flavor substances into salty,acid,bitter,sweet and fresh,5 basic tastes,namely through wide area selective concept to the identification,evaluation.Can also be used to determine the freshness of food.第26页/共30页The ta
27、ctile sensor：Convert pressure sensor into electrical signal output.Usually the pressure measuring instrument of electrical measuring instrument called the pressure sensor.Application:weighing sensor,Holzer sensor.Weighing sensor using metal resistance strain sheet measuring bridge,under tension to b
28、ecome thinner and longer using metal resistance wires,the principle of resistance increased,effect of metal resi第27页/共30页Introduction:Future developmentIn the development and utilization of new material at the same time,because of the microelectronic technology and micromachining technology,sensors
29、are miniaturization,multifunction,intelligent direction.Miniature sensor using micro processing machinery will micron sensor,signal conditioning,data processing device integration on a chip.Because of the characteristics of small volume,low price,easy integration and so on,can improve the test preci
30、sion of the system,such as the micro temperature sensor and a micro pressure sensor are integrated together,at the same time,pressure and temperature can be measured,can be through the chip operation temperature influence elimination in pressure measurement第28页/共30页ThanksThanks第29页/共30页谢谢您的观看！第30页/共30页