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1、 一 不定式的句子功能第1页/共35页主语1.To be here at Christmas time is my dream.2.To go abroad is his dream.3.To say is easy,to do is difficult.（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）It is my dream to be here at Christmas time.It is his dream to go abroad.It is easy to say,it is difficult to do.Its often difficult for me to decided what
2、 to do.第2页/共35页宾语 I want to buy a computer.She hopes to find a better job.I wish to go with you.Do you consider it better not to go?第3页/共35页宾语补足语She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write.want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb t
3、o do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to do第4页/共35页作宾语补足语不带to 的情况:感觉动词、使役动词后面的 to 常省略，但是被动语态中的 to 不能省略Let me do it.I saw him cross the street.常见动词有：使役动词:let,make,have 感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listen to,notice,observe比较：I heard her singing in the next room.I heard her sing in th
4、e next room.第5页/共35页状语(adverbial)He came to show me his new CD player.I went there to see my teacher.She came back to get her English book.The boy was too frightened to move.(目的)(目的)(目的)（结果）第6页/共35页表语His work is to feed the animals.Her job is to look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.第
5、7页/共35页定语Give me something to drink.I have two books to read.They have much food to eat.He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.The ice is hard enough to skate on.He bought a toy to play with.第8页/共35页疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。When to
6、start has not been decided.I dont know what to do.He can tell you where to get the book.The question is who(m)to ask.(主语)(宾语)(宾语补足语)(表语)第9页/共35页比较（Compare）I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it.I dont know what to do about it.第10页/共35页Exercises:1.-Youve done very well this time.-Its really
7、kind _.A.for you to say so B.for you saying soC.of you to say so D.of you saying so2.It is better to lose ones life than _.A.if you lose your spiritB.losing his spiritC.to lose ones spiritD.your spirit getting lostCC第11页/共35页3.I cant work in this way.-Why not _ it in some other way?A.try to doB.try
8、doingC.trying to doD.trying doing4.Since you find it difficult _ a decision,youd better a discussion(讨论)with your parents.A.reach;haveB.reaching;haveC.reach;havingD.to reach;haveBD第12页/共35页5.My father hates(痛恨)_.He never allows me _.A.to smoke;to smokeB.smoking;smokingC.smoke;smokingD.smoking;to smo
9、ke6.The girl was beginning _.A.get angryB.to get angryC.getting angryD.angryDB第13页/共35页7.There isnt any difference between the two.I really dont know _.A.where to chooseB.which to chooseC.what to chooseD.to choose which8.The bag is too heavy for me _.A.to carry itB.not to carry itC.to carryD.not to
10、carry9.The teacher will teach him _.A.to useB.use itC.how to use itD.usesBCC第14页/共35页找出句子中的不定式，并说出作用：1.It takes you ten minutes to get there.2.I hope to see him soon.3.His wish is to become an artist.4.People eat to live,but not live to eat.5.I have a lot to tell you.6.Its not right to be always thi
11、nking of oneself.7.We often see him play football.定语主语状语表语宾语主语宾语补足语第15页/共35页二二 不定式的两种性质不定式的两种性质a)回返性回返性(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻 辑上的宾语)Do you have anything more to say?There is nothing to worry about.Lets find a room to put the bike in.We havent a chair to be seated in.I have a letter to write.I have a pen to
12、 write with.I have no ink to write in.I have no paper to write on.（注意观察和思考）（注意观察和思考）第16页/共35页b)时间性时间性动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生:to be doing Theyre said to be building a bridge.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.不定式后发生:to do sth They invited us to go there next week.动词不定式先于谓语动作发生:to have done Hes said
13、 to have written a new novel.Im sorry not to have come on Wednesday.第17页/共35页三 特殊的动词第18页/共35页1).只能后接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词,常见的有：avoid避免，miss错过，put off,delay,postponepsp-推迟 避免错过莫推迟suggest建议,practice练习，finish,complete 建议练习早完成keep保持，imagine想像,cant stand,canthelp禁不住 保持想象禁不住admit承认,deny否认,mind介意 承认否认勿介意escape逃避
14、,risk,excuse原谅 逃避冒险可原谅give up,quit放弃,envy妒忌,fancy,appreciate,enjoy喜欢放弃妒忌皆喜欢如：I cant avoid going我不能不去。a)只能接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词第19页/共35页 b)只能接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有 1)manage尽量,prepare准备,fail失败尽量准备免失败2)choose,decide决定,determine决定,arrange安排早做选定好安排3)plan计划,seem看起来,refuse,decline拒绝计划看来又遭拒4),promise承诺,afford承诺无价却能买5)p
15、retend,agree,expect 假装同意共期待6)offer提供,demand要求,hope希望 要求提供望不再 第20页/共35页 四四 注意几个容易混淆的短语注意几个容易混淆的短语1）have sb do sth使某人做某事 have sb doing sth使某人不断做某事 not have sb doing sth不允许某人做某事 have sth to do sth有事情要做 have sth done 2）get sb to do sth 使某人做某事 get sb doing sth 使某人不停地做某事情 get sth done(vt)He couldnt get hi
16、s car started just now.get doing(vi)Once she gets talking,its hard to stop her.第21页/共35页3)cease,start,begin,continue/deserve(值得,应得)to do=cease等+doing4)sb+need/want to do sth sth+need/want doing 5)consider(考虑)doing6)consider(认为)sb/sth+to do sth7)feel like doing sth dislike doing sth would like to do
17、sth like doing/to do sth hate doing/to do sth8)be worth doing=be worthy to be done/of being done 第22页/共35页9)regret to do sth regret doing sth stop to do sth stop doing sth forget to do sth forget doing sth remember to do sth remember doing sth try to do sth try doing sth go on to do sth go on doing
18、sth第23页/共35页五五 “TO”的省略的省略(1)两个动词不定式由 and、or、but、than、except 等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略 to Id like to lie down and go to sleep.Ill do anything but work on a farm.Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later?Its easier to persuade people than(to)force them.第24页/共35页(2)口语中，在come、go、run、hurry up等动词后，可用and代替
19、表示目的的动词不定式 Come and have a drink.Would you go and tell them to shut up?had better(not)do sth.would rather do sth(than do sth)Hed rather watch TV than go to see a film.prefer to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait,he prefers to go home on foot.Why(not)do sth?第25页/共35页 (3)1)情感动词后:like,love,hate
20、,expect,hope,wish,want,prefer,refuse,agree,try,mean等 2)接不定式做宾补:ask,tell,permit,allow,advise,warn,persuade等3)情感adj后:glad,happy,delighted,pleased等4).在have to,ought to,be going to,used to等后第26页/共35页A:Would you like to come to the party?B:Id love to(come the party)A:Would you mind printing the report fo
21、r me,Miss Gao?B:Not at all.Id be glad to(print the report).She wants to go alone but her father wont allow her to.I really didnt want to go there with him,but I had to(go there with him).第27页/共35页 但:不定式是 to be.或者to have done时,则be 或者have要保留A:Are you the boss?B:No,and I dont want to be(the boss.)He ha
22、snt finished his homework yet though he is supposed to have(finished his homework.)-Are you a teacher?No,but I used to be(a teacher).John didnt come,but he ought to have(come).第28页/共35页六六 动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构for sb to do sth Its a mistake for us not to help them.The coffee was too hot for me to drin
23、k.Its +adj.+of sb to do sth (kind,nice,brave,stupid,clever,etc.)Its kind of you to think so much of me.第29页/共35页七 be+adj.+to do(sth)(不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语)The question is easy to answer.Shes nice to talk to.Its not a bad place to live in.第30页/共35页八 enough和 tooadj.+enough (for sb)to do sth He isnt old enoug
24、h to go to school.too(for sb)to do sth The apple is too high for us to pick.NOTICE:Im too glad to see you.Hes too ready to help you.第31页/共35页九 动词不定式的被动式(1)含被动的一般情况 She ought to be told about it.Nothing seems to have been forgotten.This form is to be filled in in ink.there be后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式 Theres a lot of work to do(to be done).第32页/共35页(2)to be seen,to be found等常用在 be 之后 He was nowhere to be seen(found).to blame常用于表示被动的意思“受责怪”Nobody was to blame for the accident.第33页/共35页END第34页/共35页谢谢您的观看！第35页/共35页