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1、TheauthorTheBackgroundThePlotsTheThemes第1页/共32页AuthorWilliamCuthbertFaulkner(bornFalkner,September25,1897July6,1962),alsoknownasWillFaulkner,wasanAmericanwriterandNobelPrizelaureatefromOxford,Mississippi.Faulknerworkedinavarietyofwrittenmedia,includingnovels,shortstories,aplay,poetry,essaysandscreen
2、plays.Heisprimarilyknownandacclaimedforhisnovelsandshortstories,manyofwhicharesetinthefictional Yoknapatawpha County,asettingFaulknercreatedbasedon第2页/共32页Lafayette County,wherehespentmostofhislife,andHolly Springs/Marshall County.1FaulknerisoneofthemostimportantwritersinbothAmericanliteraturegenera
3、llyandSouthernLiteraturespecifically.Thoughhisworkwaspublishedasearlyas1919,andlargelyduringthe1920sand1930s,Faulknerwasrelativelyunknownuntilreceivingthe1949NobelPrizeinLiterature.Twoofhisworks,A Fable(1954)andhislastnovel The Reivers(1962),wonthePulitzerPrizeforFiction.2第3页/共32页In1998,theModernLib
4、raryrankedhis1929novelThe Sound and the Furysixthonitslistofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelsofthe20thcentury;alsoonthelistwereAs I Lay Dying(1930)andLight in August(1932).Absalom,Absalom!(1936)isoftenincludedonSimilarlists.第4页/共32页BornWilliamCuthbertFalknerSeptember25,1897NewAlbany,Mississippi,U.S.D
5、iedJuly6,1962(aged64)Byhalia,Mississippi,U.S.LanguageEnglishNationalityAmericanPeriod19191962Notablework(s)The Sound and the FuryAs I Lay DyingLight in AugustAbsalom,Absalom!A Rose for EmilyNotableaward(s)NobelPrizeinLiterature1949PulitzerPrizeforFiction1955,1963Spouse(s)EstelleOldham(19291962)第5页/共
6、32页第6页/共32页Thedetails第7页/共32页AtmosphereSuffocating,orDepressionThemeLoveTragedyCharacterMissEmilyisamysteriousandarrogantwoman.Emilyistotallyatragedyoftheoldtraditions.Sheisaprisonerofthepast,ofthesocialandmoraltaboosoftheSouth.Notonlybecauseshepurelyawoman,butalsothestubbornconventionsmanaclehertha
7、tresultinherfrustratedlife第8页/共32页TimeAfterAmericancivilwarPlaceInJeffersonTownMainFigureEmilyGrierson,Hisfather,HomerBarron,thevillagers,theNegro第9页/共32页SettingWhendoesithappen?Ithappenedin19century,aftertheAmericanCivilWar.Wheredoesthestoryhappen?ThestoryissetinthesoutherntownofJefferson.第10页/共32页
8、A.Thetownfrownedonheraffair,theministergoingtoseeher;thefemalecousinsvisiting;Emilyorderedjewelry,preparingformarriage.HomerBarrongoingawayandcoming;Emilyboughttheratpoison.B.Emilywassickforlong,latershewasinlove.C.ThesmellfromEmilyshouse(fromtherottenbody);Emilyshairturninggray,herdoorclosed;from40
9、to50,givingchina-painting.D.Emilylivedtotheageof30,andherfatherdied.E.Emilydiedat74.F.Sincewhenshewasabout60,thetaxproblemhadremainedunresolved.Answer:DBACFE第11页/共32页I.Themeaningofthetitle:whatdosearosesymbolize?Themeaningofthetitleisambiguous,capableofvariousinterpretations.Aroseisatraditionalsymbo
10、lofloveandapledgeoffaithfulness.FromthestorywecanseeMissEmilywasdeniedlove.So,inthissense,thetitlehasanironicmeaning.Aroseforsomebodycanalsomeanakindofmemorial,anoffering,inmemoryofsomebody.Itshowstheauthorssympathyanddeeprespect.第12页/共32页II.Emily,suchagrotesque,oldrecluse,seemstobeprivilegedintheto
11、wn.Why?III.Whydoesshebuytheratpoison,thearsenic?BecauseEmilystandsforakindofoldtraditionofsoutherncountry.Peopleinthistowncannotfacethefailureofthewarfromtheirinnerhearts,sotheytrytoprotecttheironlysymbol.TokillHomerBarronandneverdepartwithhim.第13页/共32页IV.HomerBarronwasneverseenlater.Doyouknowhiswhe
12、reabouts?HewaskilledbyEmily，andhewaslyinginEmilyshomeforever.第14页/共32页Theplotofthestoryevolvesaroundmanyconflicts:theconflictsbetweenMissEmilyandherfathertheconflictbetweenMissEmilyandthetown,theestablishedcodesofconducttheconflictbetweenMissEmilyandHomerBarron,theconflictbetweentheSouthandtheNortht
13、heconflictbetweenthepastandthepresent.Theplotofthestoryevolvesaroundmanyconflicts:theconflictsbetweenMissEmilyandherfathertheconflictbetweenMissEmilyandthetown,theestablishedcodesofconducttheconflictbetweenMissEmilyandHomerBarron,theconflictbetweentheSouthandtheNorththeconflictbetweenthepastandthepr
14、esent.第15页/共32页ThisstoryhappensaftertheAmericanCivilWar,inJeffersonTown.ItsastoryaboutaneccentricspinsternamedEmilywhosemarriageistotallymanipulatedbyherfather.Twoyearsafterherfathersdeath,poorEmilyisacquaintedwithanorthernercalledHomerBarron,adaylaborerandshefallsinlovewithhim.However,theirrelation
15、isshort-livedasHomerbecomestiredofherandintendstogetridofher.InordertokeepHomerathand,Emilykillshimwitharsenicand“obtain”him,thus,shesleepswithhiscorpsefordecades.第16页/共32页ConclusionThismasterpiecereflectsthedeclineofthesouthernsocietyandrevealstheconflictsBetweenthetwodifferentvaluesystemsandtwoSoc
16、ietiesaftertheAmericanCivilwar.Emilyisanembodimentofthesouth,theoldandtradition.Inourdailylife,everythingischangingeveryday.Asanindividual,wecanonlyadaptourselvestotheproteanenvironmentandshouldlearntoAcceptnewthings.Onlywhenwekeeplearningeverydaycanwesurviveinthisworldwhichisfullofcompetition.第17页/
17、共32页The Causes of the Heroines Tragic Life in A Rose for Emily第18页/共32页ThestoryA Rose for Emily takesplaceinFaulknersfictionalcityJefferson,Mississippi.ThehistoricalsettingofthisstoryispostAmericanCivilWar.Thestoryreflectsthesouthernersloveanddetestationoftheoldtraditionandtheirdistrustoftheideology
18、ofnorthernindustrialcapital.Inthisshortstory,theheroineEmilyusedtobeasouthernnobility.Historicalreason第19页/共32页ThecivilwardestroyedmuchofthewealththathadexistedintheSouth.ButintheeyeoftheJeffersoncitizens,Emilyisstillthesignalofoldsouthernprosperity.Sheiskindofamonument.Ontheonehand,thesouthernerskn
19、owtheyarenolongerrich.Ontheotherhand,tokeepthememoryofyesterday,theytryhardtopreservetheoldtradition.第20页/共32页ReligiouscausesThereareallsortsofreligiousgroupsinAmerica.AmongtheAmericanpeople,36%areProtestants,andoverthreefifthsofallAmericanreligiouspeopleareProtestants(张奎武，2008:285).Inthemindofthepu
20、ritans,womenshouldbereservedandmustsuppresssensualpassion.Intheshortstory,theheroineEmilyisarepresentative“southernlady”whoisdestroyedbythereligiousdoctrines.Herfatherwantsto第21页/共32页keepher“holyandpure”,sohedrivesawayallthewooersofMissEmily.Thechastenessofawomanismoreimportantthanherpositionasahuma
21、nbeing.Thushernaturaldesirecannotbesatisfiedandresultinmindtwisting.Emilyisdeeplyinfluencedbythereligiousbelief.Afterthedeathofherfather,shegetsfreephysically,however,shecannotremovefettersfromhermind.ThedoctrineofwomenhasrootedinEmilysmind.第22页/共32页Sowhenheraffectionforthenorthernerbecomethelaughin
22、gstockofthetown,sheresortstoanextremeway,thatis,killingHomer.Thisisthewaysheventsafteryearsofinhibitingfromdesireandpassion.Itisapowerfulaccuseofsouthernsociety.Itisapowerfulaccuseofsouthernsociety.第23页/共32页PeopleinthetownIntheshortstory,thepeopleinthetownseemtocarefortheheroineandworshipthearistocr
23、ats.Butinfact,theyarejusttryingtopreservetheoldtraditionandinterfereinherprivatelife.Sothepeopleinthetownplayaroleascatalysttotheheroinestragiclife.Thedarkmindofthetownpeopleismentionedseveraltimesinthepassage.“Sowhenshegottobethirtyandwasstillsingle,wewerenot第24页/共32页pleasedexactly,butvindicated;ev
24、enwithInsanityinthefamilyshewouldnthaveturneddownallofherchancesiftheyhadreallymaterialized.”Fromthetoneofthepeople,theirschadenfreudeisclearedexposed.Theirassumptionisfullofridiculeandirony.TheyaregladtofindthatinfactMissEmilydosenothavethatmanysuitors.WhentheyknowthatallthethingsthatEmilysfatherle
25、aveforheris第25页/共32页justahouse.Theybecomehappyagain.AlltheycareaboutisnotEmilyslife,theyjustfeelasenseofsuperiorityinshowingpitytoEmily.第26页/共32页FamilyinfluenceFamilyissupposedtobethefirstschoolofaperson,whileparentsarethefirstteacheroftheirchildren.Theexperienceofoneschildhoodcanhaveathroughimpacto
26、nhislatterbehavior.EmilywasborninadownfallennoblefamilyofsouthAmerica.Sheliveswithherfathersinceshewasborn.Emilyseldomleaveshome.Sheisjustlikethe“prisoner”ofGreisonsfamilyandthevictimoffamilyprestige.第27页/共32页PatriarchyisthemainfeatureofEmilysfamily.InafamilyofPatriarchy,fathersholdauthorityoverwome
27、nandchildren.Interferedbyherfather,Emilycanneverhaveherlove,thusEmilysmindistwisted.Whenherfatherisdead,shecannotacceptthefactandrefusetodisposeofthebody.第28页/共32页“shewouldhavetoclingtothatwhichhadrobbedher,aspeoplewill.”FromEmilysreluctanttoburyingthebodyofherfather,wecanseehowdeeplyherfatherhasinf
28、luencedher.Withoutherfather,shelosesherspiritualsustenance.TheobsessionandparanoiaofEmilyisresultedfromthelongtermoppressionofauthority.SowhenEmilyfindsHomer,第29页/共32页itseemsforherthatshehaveanotheronetorelyon.However,sheisdumpedbyHomer,thereisnodoubtthatshebecomessodepressedthatshekilledHomerwhoshefallsinloveunderlotsofcriticism.第30页/共32页第31页/共32页感谢您的观看。第32页/共32页