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1、什么是虚拟语气？什么是虚拟语气？表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等第1页/共70页虚拟语气的分类语语 言言 形形 式式功功 能能Be形（原形）形（原形）意愿意愿Were形形假设假设第三条件句第三条件句假设假设第四条件句第四条件句假设假设第2页/共70页“意愿意愿”虚拟句：虚拟句：bebe型虚拟式型虚拟式 “意愿意愿”虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求、希望、虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求、希望、建议、命令等的具体内容。这种虚拟式有建议、命令等的具体内容。这种虚拟式有下列三种结构形式：下列三种结构形式：第3页/共70页1 1、用在表要求、命令、指示等动
2、词后的that 宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语从句 其结构为“(should)+动词原形”suggest(suggest(建议建议)recommend(recommend(推荐推荐)advise(advise(劝告劝告)propose(propose(建议建议)insist(insist(坚持坚持)consent(consent(允诺允诺)decide(decide(决定决定)order(order(命令命令)request(request(要求要求)desire(desire(期望期望)maintain(maintain(主张主张)urge(urge(催促催促)第4页/共70页三个建议三个建议
3、四个要求四个要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,ask虚拟语气虚拟语气Should+v 型两个命令两个命令一个坚持一个坚持在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的常用词有：第5页/共70页He ordered that all the students(should)attend his lectures on time.1)他命令所有学生按时到课。他命令所有学生按时到课。It is suggested that the project(should)be started at on
4、ce.2)有人建议马上启动这个项目。有人建议马上启动这个项目。What do you think of her proposal that I(should)apply for a new job?3)她建议我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？她建议我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？第6页/共70页1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible.A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be rais
5、ed.A should B would C must D could第7页/共70页3.My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he _ there.A.not went B.wont go C.not go D.not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished5.The commander ordered th
6、at we _ work before Friday.A.must finish B.finished C.should finish D.could finish第8页/共70页Jans pale face suggested that he _ ill.A be B was C should be D isHe insists he _right.A.were B.was C.be D.is第9页/共70页TIPST.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsisted
7、thatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should+do;Insist 表示“坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气虚拟语气第10页/共70页注意：注意：如如suggest,insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard a
8、t gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.obeywasbe senthave第11页/共70页necessary(necessary(必需的必需的)essential(essential(必要的必要的)imperative(imperative(必需的必需的)natural(natural(天
9、生的天生的)desirable(desirable(希望的希望的)advisable(advisable(希望的希望的)important(important(重要的重要的)appropriate(appropriate(适当的适当的)2 2、用在、用在It is+It is+形容词形容词+that-clause+that-clause中中,主要表示主要表示主观看法，比如：主观看法，比如：“某事是必要的、重要的、自然而某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的然的”从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should 可省。可省。第12页/共70页我们有必
10、要出去散散步。她这样做是很自然的。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。Should+V 型虚拟语气虚拟语气TranslationIts necessary that we should have a walk.Its natural that she should do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.第13页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Itisimperativethatstudents_theirtermpapersontime.A.handinB.wouldhandinC.have
11、tohandinD.handedin第14页/共70页1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A.could B.can C.should D.would2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A.be finished C.had finishedC.must be finished D.will finish CA第15页/共70页3.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.d
12、id;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbesetB第16页/共70页3、公式化语句表示“祝愿、诅咒、禁止”等意义的特殊表达结构里LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!Goddamnyou!(该死的！)Heavenforbid!(天理不容！)Deviltakehim!(混蛋！)Sobeit.(但愿如此/就这样吧。)第17页/共70页第18页/共70页were-型虚拟式1.非真实的条件或让步2.几乎不可能的假设3.特殊句型第19页/共70页1.由if,ifonly,as
13、if,asthough,though等引导的条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.第20页/共70页Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasiertolearn.A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willb
14、eD.wouldhavebeen第21页/共70页2.were型虚拟式常用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine等表示“希望，但愿，宁愿”的-that分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可能发生的）情况。Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Supposetheearthwereflat.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.第22页/共70页3.特殊句型Itis(high/about)timethat.that从句中动词用一般过去时，表示“差不多/该是的时候了”。其中that可以省略。Itisthet
15、imewelefttheoffice.区分：Itsthefirst(second/third)time后面的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成时来表示一种经历。ItsthesecondtimeIvecomehere.第23页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,itsabouttimeyou_abletowritelettersinEnglish.A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are第24页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4“Whatcoursesar
16、eyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idontknow.Butitsabouttime_onsomething.”A.IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdeciding第25页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainforests.A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop第26页/共70页条件句的类型一、一、事实与习惯条件句事实与习惯条件句（whenever）真实条件句真实条件句二、二、将来假设条件句（将来假设条件句（if）三、三、现在
17、与将来相反假设条现在与将来相反假设条件句件句非真实条件句非真实条件句四、四、过去相反假设句过去相反假设句第27页/共70页 虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语should,would,might,couldhave done1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语should
18、,would might,could动词原形第28页/共70页通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。（过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。（现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）“后退一步法”与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。第29页/共70页1)If I were you,I shouldnt do that.2)We would go with you if we had time.3)We could ask him if he were here.4)If I knew his telephone numb
19、er,I would ring him up.条件从句主句did（be动词一般用动词一般用were）would(should,could,might)+doI.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：第30页/共70页1)If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.2)If you had come earlier,you would(might)have met him.3)I would have called you if I had known your phone num
20、ber.条件从句条件从句主句主句had+donewould(might)+have done2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式如下：第31页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4IfonlyI_playtheguitaraswellasyou!A.wouldB.CouldC.shouldD.might第32页/共70页1)If it should rain,the crops would be saved.2)If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.3)If it rained tomorrow,we wou
21、ld not go out.条件从句主句didshould dowere to dowould+do3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：第33页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Ifonlythepatient_adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibioticshemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving第34页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Ifyouexplainedthesitua
22、tiontoyoursolicitor,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were第35页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.A.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldntbe第36页/共70页Note:省略if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以把省略if而把这几个
23、词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1.Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.2.Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.3.Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful),such mistakes could have been avoided.第37页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4_forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheex
24、am.A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasnotD.Wereitnot第38页/共70页虚拟式的特殊形态主从句时态不一致 If Mother had told me that truth when I was young,I would not make such mistakes so often now.错综条件句 If you studied harder now,you would be more successful in the future.第39页/共70页1.The committee members propose that the plan _
25、 postponed for a few days.A.being C.to be B.been D.be2.The boss insisted that Mr.Copper(give)up smoking at once.3.The director required that every member in his department(refer).to this report.4.I think its high time we _ strict measures to stop pollution.A.will take C.took B.take D.have takenD(sho
26、uld)give(should)referC第40页/共70页5 If only she(know)that her behaviour was not welcome,she would have been more careful with her manners.6 If I had a car of my own,I _ it to your sister yesterday.A.would have lent C.must have lent B.would lend D.should lend7 Jack would never have done that if he(have)
27、_ a good education.had known Ahad had 第41页/共70页 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句第42页/共70页非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达表达出来，出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。句。第43页/共70页But for,be for,without,but thatIf you had not helped,I wouldnt have passed the exam.But for your help,.Without your helpHad it not been for yo
28、ur help,条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）But that you helped,.第44页/共70页ExerciseButfor,without,befor,butthat如果没有太阳，地球上就不会有植物。Butforthesun,therewouldbenoplantonourplanet.Withoutthesun,Ifitwerenotforthesun,.Butthatthereisthesun,第45页/共70页条件句的变化形式（含蓄条件句）Otherwisesentenceadverbusedwhensayingwhatwouldhavehappenedormighthave
29、happenedifsomethingelsehadnothappened:We were delayed at the airport.Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time.第46页/共70页类似 if 型虚拟语气虚拟语气but for+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise，in that case，一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）,其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。+句子would/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have done现在/将来过去第4
30、7页/共70页1.But for your help,we (make)such rapid progress.没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。would not have made虚拟语气虚拟语气类似 if 型2.Without air,there _(be)no living things.如果没有空气，就不会有生物 would be3.Thanks to the brave young man,otherwise,the boy _(die).would have died第48页/共70页Wish/Asif(though)类似 if 型虚拟语气虚拟语气Would rathe
31、r/If only 第49页/共70页Wish/As if/（though）+从句现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(had done)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)类似 if 型（1）第50页/共70页虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.2.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.3.Hewishedhehadntdoneit.4.Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewereheowndaughter.类似 if 型（1）第51页/共70页 would rather+that（从句）（
32、从句）宁愿宁愿If only+要是要是该有多好啊该有多好啊过去时过去完成时现在过去过去时过去完成时现在/将来过去类似 if 型（2）虚拟语气虚拟语气第52页/共70页 as if/though sbdidhad doneHe talked as if he had been there at that time.He talks as if he knew everything.第53页/共70页 even if sb didhad doneEven if I were as rich as you one day,I wont do such a thing.Even if I had ma
33、naged to do it,they didnt believe me.Even if I had the chance now,Im not interested in it.第54页/共70页2.would rather do sthI would rather stay at home in such hot weather.1)2)would rather sbdid sthhad done sthI would rather you stayed at home.I would rather you had stayed at home.第55页/共70页Pattern sugge
34、sting best wishesIf only sbdidhad donewould do=how I wish sbdidhad donewould doIf only I were you.How I wish I were you.第56页/共70页SubjunctivemoodinTEM-461.Itsgettinglate.Idratheryou_now.(2011)A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave第57页/共70页IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldl
35、istenD.wouldlistenB第58页/共70页Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldgetC第59页/共70页HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenA第60页/共70页HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.hadD第61页/共70页Whenapen
36、cilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenC第62页/共70页exercises1.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be第63页/共70页2.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age
37、of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall第64页/共70页3.-If he _,he _ that food.-Luckily he was sent to hospital at once.(93)A.was warned/would not take B.had been warned/would not have taken C.would be warned/had not taken D
38、.would have been warned/had not takenB第65页/共70页4.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.(94)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had comeD第66页/共70页5.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.(96)A.drove/didnt get B.drove/wouldnt get C.were driving/wouldnt
39、 get D.had driven/wouldnt have gotD第67页/共70页Subjective moodIf 型Should+v型其他类型1.did2.had done3.were to/did/should错综时间条件句(各自为准)Were,had,should提前，省略if1.一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。2.It is（necessary，strange）+that1.wish/as if 2.Would rather/if only3.It is(high)time that4.But for/otherwise/without/in that case1.过去式2.过去完成3.could、would、might+v1.过去式2.过去完成should（不省）+v/过去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+have doneinsistsuggest第68页/共70页Thanksforviewing第69页/共70页感谢您的观看！第70页/共70页