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1、句子的构成句子的构成句子成分主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has sa
2、id is true.谓语简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.表语表语在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,c
3、ome,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.宾语宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语直接宾语指物指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books
4、.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.宾语补足语宾语补足语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make you
5、rself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补.I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He
6、 was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.定语定语He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way h
7、ome.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.状语状语用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或介词短语或句
8、子句子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方式方式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Pleas
9、e call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.基本句型基本句型主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+（其他成分）（其他成分）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补He went.He went there.He
10、 went there yesterday.He went there to see his mother yesterday.He went there to see his mother ill in hospital by bike yesterday.Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his h
11、omework,he went away.He likes pop music.I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.主语主语Find out the Subject in the following sentences.1.1.Jim is reading.Jim is reading.2.2.H
12、ow many students passed the exam?How many students passed the exam?3.3.3.Who is on duty today?3.Who is on duty today?4.4.4.He went shopping yesterday.4.He went shopping yesterday.5.5.5.What does he like?5.What does he like?6.6.6.What happened?6.What happened?7.7.Reading is my interest.Reading is my
13、interest.名词名词代代词词动名词动名词谓语谓语These boys like swimming.I wrote a letter just now.Mary runs very fast.Those people are talking.We can swim.They dont want to have a picnic.He stood up and walked towards me.实义动词充当谓语实义动词充当谓语谓语部分谓语部分由and and 连接并列谓语动词宾语宾语Find out the Object in the following sentences.1.1.You
14、 should do it at once.You should do it at once.2.2.She did nothing.She did nothing.3.3.I will tell her something.I will tell her something.4.4.Please give me the book.Please give me the book.5.5.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.6.6.Tom is reading a book.Tom is re
15、ading a book.7.7.She enjoys collecting stamps.She enjoys collecting stamps.代词充当宾语代词充当宾语双宾语双宾语名词充当宾语名词充当宾语动名词短语动名词短语定语定语1.1.We all like interesting stories.We all like interesting stories.2.2.The book on the bed is mine.The book on the bed is mine.3.3.Do you know that woman?Do you know that woman?4.4
16、.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.5.5.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.6.6.Toms aunt is very rich.Toms aunt is very rich.7.7.Whose book is it?Whose book is it?8.8.A good friend is someone who makes me hap
17、py.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.宾语补足语宾语补足语1.1.He called it Mickey Mouse.He called it Mickey Mouse.2.2.I saw you out this morning.I saw you out this morning.3.3.What he did made me angry.What he did made me angry.4.4.Please put it in the drawer.Please put it in the drawer.5.5.I found a
18、ll the windows broken.I found all the windows broken.6.6.He kept me waiting for half an hour.He kept me waiting for half an hour.7.7.The manager asked me to buy something.The manager asked me to buy something.同位语同位语I met my new teacher Miss Green this morning.I met my new teacher Miss Green this mor
19、ning.Beijing,the capital of China,will hold the 2008 Olympics.Beijing,the capital of China,will hold the 2008 Olympics.He can speak two foreign languages,French and English.He can speak two foreign languages,French and English.They each have an apple.They each have an apple.We all like him very much
20、.We all like him very much.You two seem to know each other.You two seem to know each other.He used the word“fly”many times.He used the word“fly”many times.He told us the fact that he had stolen the bike.He told us the fact that he had stolen the bike.找出下列句子中的状语We usually get up at 6 oclock.There is
21、a cat behind the door.I found a purse on the floor.The next day we did a lot of washing.Because of bad weather,we put off the match.时间状语地点状语地点状语时间状语原因状语找出下列句子中的状语He came into the shop,only to find he had left the purse at home.He made us laugh by telling an interesting story.He went to school by bike.we study hard in order to go to a good university。He sits there silently,hoping that everything is ok.结果状语方式状语目的状语伴随状语